Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Calcium & bone metabolism
Familial Correlation and Heritability of Hand Grip Strength in Korean Adults (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014 to 2019): Seong Hee Ahn, Eun Byeol Park, Seongha Seo, Yongin Cho, Da Hea Seo, So Hun Kim, Young Ju Suh, Seongbin Hong; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):709-719. Published online November 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1740

1,190 View
47 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
The onset and progression of sarcopenia are highly variable among individuals owing to genetic and environmental factors. However, there are a limited number of studies measuring the heritability of muscle strength in large numbers of parent-adult offspring pairs. We aimed to investigate the familial correlation and heritability of hand grip strength (HGS) among Korean adults.
Methods
This family-based cohort study on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014 to 2019) included 5,004 Koreans aged ≥19 years from 1,527 families. HGS was measured using a digital grip strength dynamometer. Familial correlations of HGS were calculated in different pairs of relatives. Variance component methods were used to estimate heritability.
Results
The heritability estimate of HGS among Korean adults was 0.154 (standard error, 0.066). Correlation coefficient estimates for HGS between parent-offspring, sibling, and spouse pairs were significant at 0.07, 0.10, and 0.23 (P<0.001, P=0.041, and P<0.001, respectively). The total variance in the HGS phenotype was explained by additive genetic (15.4%), shared environmental (11.0%), and unique environmental (73.6%) influences. The odds of weak HGS significantly increased in the offspring of parents with weak HGS (odds ratio [OR], 1.69–3.10; P=0.027–0.038), especially in daughters (OR, 2.04–4.64; P=0.029–0.034).
Conclusion
HGS exhibits a familial correlation and significant heritable tendency in Korean adults. Therefore, Asian adults, especially women, who have parents with weak HGS, need to pay special attention to their muscle health with the help of healthy environmental stimuli.

Calcium & bone metabolism
Higher Plasma Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 Is Associated with Lower Risk for Sarcopenia in Older Asian Adults: Sunghwan Ji, Kyunggon Kim, So Jeong Park, Jin Young Lee, Hee-Won Jung, Hyun Ju Yoo, Il-Young Jang, Eunju Lee, Ji Yeon Baek, Beom-Jun Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):701-708. Published online October 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1783

1,677 View
76 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Despite the protective effects of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in stimulating muscle regeneration shown in experimental research, there is a lack of clinical studies linking circulating SDF-1 concentrations with muscle phenotypes. In order to elucidate the role of SDF-1 as a potential biomarker reflecting human muscle health, we investigated the association of plasma SDF-1 levels with sarcopenia in older adults.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 97 community-dwelling participants who underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Sarcopenia was defined by specific cutoff values applicable to the Asian population, whereas plasma SDF-1 levels were determined using an enzyme immunoassay.
Results
After accounting for sex, age, and body mass index, participants with sarcopenia and low muscle mass exhibited plasma SDF-1 levels that were 21.8% and 18.3% lower than those without these conditions, respectively (P=0.008 and P=0.009, respectively). Consistently, higher plasma SDF-1 levels exhibited a significant correlation with higher skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and gait speed (both P=0.043), and the risk of sarcopenia and low muscle mass decreased by 58% and 55% per standard deviation increase in plasma SDF-1 levels, respectively (P=0.045 and P=0.030, respectively). Furthermore, participants in the highest SDF-1 tertile exhibited significantly higher SMI compared to those in the lowest tertile (P=0.012).
Conclusion
These findings clinically corroborate earlier experimental discoveries highlighting the muscle anabolic effects of SDF- 1 and support the potential role of circulating SDF-1 as a biomarker reflecting human muscle health in older adults.

Calcium & bone metabolism Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Increased Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Acromegaly: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea: Jiwon Kim, Namki Hong, Jimi Choi, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Eun Jig Lee, Sin Gon Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):690-700. Published online October 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1782

1,348 View
91 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Acromegaly leads to various skeletal complications, and fragility fractures are emerging as a new concern in patients with acromegaly. Therefore, this study investigated the risk of fractures in Korean patients with acromegaly.
Methods
We used the Korean nationwide claims database from 2009 to 2019. A total of 931 patients with acromegaly who had never used an osteoporosis drug before and were treated with surgery alone were selected as study participants, and a 1:29 ratio of 26,999 age- and sex-matched osteoporosis drug-naïve controls without acromegaly were randomly selected from the database.
Results
The mean age was 46.2 years, and 50.0% were male. During a median follow-up of 54.1 months, there was no difference in the risks of all, vertebral, and non-vertebral fractures between the acromegaly and control groups. However, hip fracture risk was significantly higher (hazard ratio [HR], 2.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32 to 5.65), and non-hip and non-vertebral fractures risk was significantly lower (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.98) in patients with acromegaly than in controls; these results remained robust even after adjustment for socioeconomic status and baseline comorbidities. Age, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, fracture history, recent use of acid-suppressant medication, psychotropic medication, and opioids were risk factors for all fractures in patients with acromegaly (all P<0.05).
Conclusion
Compared with controls, patients surgically treated for acromegaly had a higher risk of hip fractures. The risk factors for fracture in patients with acromegaly were consistent with widely accepted risk factors in the general population.

Calcium & bone metabolism Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Association between Smoking Status and the Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study: Se-Won Lee, Jun-Young Heu, Ju-Yeong Kim, Jinyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):679-689. Published online December 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1760

1,175 View
65 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Limited longitudinal evidence exists regarding the potential association between smoking status and hip fracture among individuals with type 2 diabetes. We investigated this association using large-scale, nationwide cohort data for the Korean population.
Methods
This nationwide cohort study included 1,414,635 adults aged 40 and older who received Korean National Health Insurance Service health examinations between 2009 and 2012. Subjects with type 2 diabetes were categorized according to their smoking status, amount smoked (pack-years), number of cigarettes smoked per day, and duration of smoking. The results are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between smoking status parameters and risk of hip fracture in multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.
Results
Compared with never-smokers, an increased adjusted HR (aHR) for hip fracture was observed in current smokers (1.681; 95% CI, 1.578 to 1.791), and a comparable aHR for hip fracture was found in former smokers (1.065; 95% CI, 0.999 to 1.136). For former smokers who had smoked 20 pack-years or more, the risk was slightly higher than that for never-smokers (aHR, 1.107; 95% CI, 1.024 to 1.196). The hip fracture risk of female former smokers was similar to that of female current smokers, but the hip fracture risk in male former smokers was similar to that of male never-smokers.
Conclusion
Smoking is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes. Current smokers with diabetes should be encouraged to quit smoking because the risk of hip fracture is greatly reduced in former smokers.

Calcium & bone metabolism
Age-Dependent Association of Height Loss with Incident Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Korean Women: Chaewon Lee, Hye-Sun Park, Yumie Rhee, Namki Hong; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):669-678. Published online September 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1734

1,490 View
88 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Height loss is a simple clinical measure associated with increased fracture risk. However, limited data exists on the association between height loss and fracture risk in postmenopausal Korean women. It is unknown whether this association varies with age.
Methods
Data on height loss over a 6-year period were collected from a community-based longitudinal follow-up cohort (Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study). Incident fractures were defined based on self-reported fractures after excluding those due to severe trauma or toes/fingers. The association between incident fractures and height loss was investigated using a Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
During a median follow-up of 10 years after the second visit, 259/1,806 participants (median age, 64 years) experienced incident fractures. Overall, a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in height (1.6 cm/median 5.8 years) was associated with 9% increased risk of fracture (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; P=0.037), which lost statistical significance after adjustment for covariates. When stratified into age groups (50–59, 60–69, 70 years or older), a 1 SD decrease in height remained a robust predictor of fracture in the 50 to 59 years age group after adjusting for covariates (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.52; P=0.003), whereas height loss was not an independent predictor of fracture in the 60 to 69 (aHR, 1.06; P=0.333) or the 70 years or older age groups (aHR, 1.05; P=0.700; P for interaction <0.05, for all).
Conclusion
Height loss during the previous 6 years was associated with an increased 10-year fracture risk in postmenopausal women in their 50s.

Review Article

Calcium & bone metabolism
Acromegaly and Bone: An Update: Andrea Giustina; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):655-666. Published online December 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.601

1,312 View
108 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Since our discovery in 2006 that acromegaly is associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures, many authors have confirmed this finding in both cross-sectional and prospective studies. Due to the high epidemiological and clinical impact of this newly discovered comorbidity of acromegaly, this topic has progressively become more important and prominent over the years, and the pertinent literature has been enriched by new findings on the pathophysiology and treatment. The aim of this narrative review was to discuss these novel findings, integrating them with the seminal observations, in order to give the reader an updated view of how the field of acromegaly and bone is developing, from strong clinical observations to a mechanistic understanding and possible prevention and treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

New insights into the vitamin D/PTH axis in endocrine-driven metabolic bone diseases
Luigi di Filippo, John P. Bilezikian, Ernesto Canalis, Umberto Terenzi, Andrea Giustina
Endocrine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Calcium & bone metabolism
Characteristics Associated with Bone Loss after Spinal Cord Injury: Implications for Hip Region Vulnerability: Sora Han, Sungjae Shin, Onyoo Kim, Namki Hong; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(5):578-587. Published online October 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1795

1,285 View
51 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
In individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), bone loss progresses rapidly to the area below the level of injury, leading to an increased risk of fracture. However, there are limited data regarding SCI-relevant characteristics for bone loss and the degree of bone loss in individuals with SCI compared with that in non-SCI community-dwelling adults.
Methods
Data from men with SCI who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the National Rehabilitation Center (2008 to 2020) between 12 and 36 months after injury were collected and analyzed. Community-dwelling men were matched 1:1 for age, height, and weight as the control group, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2008 to 2011).
Results
A comparison of the SCI and the matched control group revealed significantly lower hip region T-scores in the SCI group, whereas the lumbar spine T-score did not differ between groups. Among the 113 men with SCI, the paraplegia group exhibited significantly higher Z-scores of the hip region than the tetraplegia group. Participants with motor-incomplete SCI showed relatively preserved Z-scores of the hip region compared to those of the lumbar region. Moreover, in participants with SCI, the percentage of skeletal muscle displayed a moderate positive correlation with femoral neck Z-scores.
Conclusion
Men with SCI exhibited significantly lower bone mineral density of the hip region than community-dwelling men. Paraplegia rather than tetraplegia, and motor incompleteness rather than motor completeness were protective factors in the hip region. Caution for loss of skeletal muscle mass or increased adiposity is also required.

Review Articles

Calcium & bone metabolism
Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblastogenesis: Brendan F. Boyce, Jinbo Li, Zhenqiang Yao, Lianping Xing; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(5):504-521. Published online September 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.501

2,140 View
100 Download
3 Web of Science
4 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Maintenance of skeletal integrity requires the coordinated activity of multinucleated bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Osteoclasts form resorption lacunae on bone surfaces in response to cytokines by fusion of precursor cells. Osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal precursors and lay down new bone in resorption lacunae during bone remodeling. Nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB) signaling regulates osteoclast and osteoblast formation and is activated in osteoclast precursors in response to the essential osteoclastogenic cytokine, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which can also control osteoblast formation through RANK-RANKL reverse signaling in osteoblast precursors. RANKL and some pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), activate NF-κB signaling to positively regulate osteoclast formation and functions. However, these cytokines also limit osteoclast and osteoblast formation through NF-κB signaling molecules, including TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). TRAF6 mediates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation through canonical NF-κB signaling. In contrast, TRAF3 limits RANKL- and TNF-induced osteoclast formation, and it restricts transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced inhibition of osteoblast formation in young and adult mice. During aging, neutrophils expressing TGFβ and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) increase in bone marrow of mice in response to increased NF-κB-induced CC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) expression by mesenchymal progenitor cells and injection of these neutrophils into young mice decreased bone mass. TGFβ causes degradation of TRAF3, resulting in decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin-mediated osteoblast formation and age-related osteoporosis in mice. The CCR5 inhibitor, maraviroc, prevented accumulation of TGFβ+/CCR5+ neutrophils in bone marrow and increased bone mass by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing bone formation in aged mice. This paper updates current understanding of how NF-κB signaling is involved in the positive and negative regulation of cytokine-mediated osteoclast and osteoblast formation and activation with a focus on the role of TRAF3 signaling, which can be targeted therapeutically to enhance bone mass.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Role of Rosavin in the Pathophysiology of Bone Metabolism
Piotr Wojdasiewicz, Paweł Turczyn, Anna Lach-Gruba, Łukasz A. Poniatowski, Daryush Purrahman, Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani, Dariusz Szukiewicz
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(4): 2117. CrossRef
The role of monocyte/macrophage chemokines in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: A review
Hao Luo, Linfeng Li, Song Han, Tao Liu
International Journal of Immunogenetics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of low-level laser therapy on osteoclast differentiation: Clinical implications for tooth movement and bone density
Chun-Yi Huang, Huynh Hoai Thuong Le, Hsiao-Chi Tsai, Chih-Hsin Tang, Jian-Hong Yu
Journal of Dental Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic Deficiency of the Long Pentraxin 3 Affects Osteogenesis and Osteoclastogenesis in Homeostatic and Inflammatory Conditions
Valentina Granata, Dario Strina, Maria Lucia Schiavone, Barbara Bottazzi, Alberto Mantovani, Antonio Inforzato, Cristina Sobacchi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(23): 16648. CrossRef

Calcium & bone metabolism
Skeletal Senescence with Aging and Type 2 Diabetes: Joshua Nicholas Farr; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(3):295-301. Published online June 14, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1727

2,677 View
126 Download
3 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are common diseases that often coexist. While both of these diseases are associated with poor bone quality and increased fracture risk, their pathogenesis of increased fracture risk differs and is multifactorial. Mounting evidence now indicates that key fundamental mechanisms that are central to both aging and energy metabolism exist. Importantly, these mechanisms represent potentially modifiable therapeutic targets for interventions that could prevent or alleviate multiple complications of osteoporosis and T2D, including poor bone quality. One such mechanism that has gained increasing momentum is senescence, which is a cell fate that contributes to multiple chronic diseases. Accumulating evidence has established that numerous boneresident cell types become susceptible to cellular senescence with old age. Recent work also demonstrates that T2D causes the premature accumulation of senescent osteocytes during young adulthood, at least in mice, although it remains to be seen which other bone-resident cell types become senescent with T2D. Given that therapeutically removing senescent cells can alleviate age-related bone loss and T2D-induced metabolic dysfunction, it will be important in future studies to rigorously test whether interventions that eliminate senescent cells can also alleviate skeletal dysfunction in context of T2D, as it does with aging.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Single-cell sequencing reveals an important role of SPP1 and microglial activation in age-related macular degeneration
Shizhen Lei, Mang Hu, Zhongtao Wei
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The synergistic effect of diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis on the all-cause mortality: a cohort study of an American population
Weihua Li, Siyu Xie, Shengdong Zhong, Liting Lan
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of systemic biomarkers and potential drug targets for age-related macular degeneration
Shizhen Lei, Mang Hu, Zhongtao Wei
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Calcium & bone metabolism
Persistence with Denosumab in Male Osteoporosis Patients: A Real-World, Non-Interventional Multicenter Study: Chaiho Jeong, Jeongmin Lee, Jinyoung Kim, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Yejee Lim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Tae-Seo Sohn, Ki-Ho Song, Moo Il Kang, Ki-Hyun Baek; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):260-268. Published online April 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1663

1,749 View
108 Download
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
Persistence with denosumab in male patients has not been adequately investigated, although poor denosumab persistence is associated with a significant risk of rebound vertebral fractures.
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 294 Korean male osteoporosis patients treated with denosumab at three medical centers and examined their persistence with four doses of denosumab injection over 24 months of treatment. Persistence was defined as the extent to which a patient adhered to denosumab treatment in terms of the prescribed interval and dose, with a permissible gap of 8 weeks. For patients who missed their scheduled treatment appointment(s) during the follow-up period (i.e., no-shows), Cox proportional regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors associated with poor adherence. Several factors were considered, such as age, prior anti-osteoporotic drug use, the treatment provider’s medical specialty, the proximity to the medical center, and financial burdens of treatment.
Results
Out of 294 male patients, 77 (26.2%) completed all four sequential rounds of the denosumab treatment. Out of 217 patients who did not complete the denosumab treatment, 138 (63.6%) missed the scheduled treatment(s). Missing treatment was significantly associated with age (odds ratio [OR], 1.03), prior bisphosphonate use (OR, 0.76), and prescription by non-endocrinologists (OR, 2.24). Denosumab was stopped in 44 (20.3%) patients due to medical errors, in 24 (11.1%) patients due to a T-score improvement over –2.5, and in five (2.3%) patients due to expected dental procedures.
Conclusion
Our study showed that only one-fourth of Korean male osteoporosis patients were fully adherent to 24 months of denosumab treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Denosumab

Reactions Weekly.2023; 1963(1): 206. CrossRef

Review Article

Calcium & bone metabolism
New Insights into Calorie Restriction Induced Bone Loss: Linyi Liu, Clifford J. Rosen; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):203-213. Published online April 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1673

3,297 View
175 Download
3 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Caloric restriction (CR) is now a popular lifestyle choice due to its ability in experimental animals to improve lifespan, reduce body weight, and lessen oxidative stress. However, more and more emerging evidence suggests this treatment requires careful consideration because of its detrimental effects on the skeletal system. Experimental and clinical studies show that CR can suppress bone growth and raise the risk of fracture, but the specific mechanisms are poorly understood. Reduced mechanical loading has long been thought to be the primary cause of weight loss-induced bone loss from calorie restriction. Despite fat loss in peripheral depots with calorie restriction, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) increases, and this may play a significant role in this pathological process. Here, we update recent advances in our understanding of the effects of CR on the skeleton, the possible pathogenic role of BMAT in CR-induced bone loss, and some strategies to mitigate any potential side effects on the skeletal system.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Obesity, diabetes and risk of bone fragility: How BMAT behavior is affected by metabolic disturbances and its influence on bone health
Gregório Corrêa Guimarães, João Bosco Costa Coelho, João Gabriel Oliveira Silva, Ana Carolina Chalfun de Sant’Ana, Cássia Alves Carrilho de Sá, Júlia Marques Moreno, Lívia Marçal Reis, Camila Souza de Oliveira Guimarães
Osteoporosis International.2024; 35(4): 575. CrossRef
Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Is Not Required for Reconstitution of the Immune System Following Irradiation in Male Mice
Jessica A. Keune, Carmen P. Wong, Adam J. Branscum, Scott A. Menn, Urszula T. Iwaniec, Russell T. Turner
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(4): 1980. CrossRef
Dietary restriction plus exercise change gene expression of Cxcl12 abundant reticular cells in female mice
Aoi Ikedo, Yuuki Imai
Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Calcium & bone metabolism
MicroRNA-181a-5p Curbs Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Formation Partially Through Impairing Runx1-Dependent Inhibition of AIF-1 Transcription: Jingwei Liu, Xueying Chang, Daming Dong; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):156-173. Published online January 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1516

1,566 View
100 Download
2 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
Evidence has revealed the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating osteogenic differentiation, implying the promise of miRNA-based therapies for treating osteoporosis. This study investigated whether miR-181a-5p influences osteogenic differentiation and bone formation and aimed to establish the mechanisms in depth.
Methods
Clinical serum samples were obtained from osteoporosis patients, and MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with osteogenic induction medium (OIM) to induce osteogenic differentiation. miR-181a-5p-, Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1)-, and/or allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1)-associated oligonucleotides or vectors were transfected into MC3T3-E1 cells to explore their function in relation to the number of calcified nodules, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, expression levels of osteogenesis-related proteins, and apoptosis. Luciferase activity, RNA immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were employed to validate the binding relationship between miR-181a-5p and Runx1, and the transcriptional regulatory relationship between Runx1 and AIF-1. Ovariectomy (OVX)-induced mice were injected with a miR-181a-5p antagonist for in vivo verification.
Results
miR-181a-5p was highly expressed in the serum of osteoporosis patients. OIM treatment decreased miR-181a-5p and AIF-1 expression, but promoted Runx1 expression in MC3T-E1 cells. Meanwhile, upregulated miR-181a-5p suppressed OIM-induced increases in calcified nodules, ALP content, and osteogenesis-related protein expression. Mechanically, miR-181a-5p targeted Runx1, which acted as a transcription factor to negatively modulate AIF-1 expression. Downregulated Runx1 suppressed the miR-181a-5p inhibitor-mediated promotion of osteogenic differentiation, and downregulated AIF-1 reversed the miR-181a-5p mimic-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. Tail vein injection of a miR-181a-5p antagonist induced bone formation in OVX-induced osteoporotic mice.
Conclusion
In conclusion, miR-181a-5p affects osteogenic differentiation and bone formation partially via the modulation of the Runx1/AIF-1 axis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Scopolamine regulates the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells through lactylation modification of RUNX2 protein
Ying Wu, Pan Gong
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Review Articles

Calcium & bone metabolism
Cardiovascular Impact of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements: A Narrative Review: Fatima Zarzour, Ahmad Didi, Mohammed Almohaya, David Kendler; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):56-68. Published online February 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1644

3,882 View
274 Download
3 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Calcium and vitamin D play an important role in mineral homeostasis and the maintenance of skeletal health. Calcium and vitamin D supplements have been widely used for fracture prevention in elderly populations. Many trials have studied the effectiveness and cardiovascular safety of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, with disparate results. In this review, we summarize the most important trials and systematic reviews. There is significant heterogeneity in clinical trial design, differences in the nature of trial outcomes (self-reported vs. verified), prior calcium intake, and trial size. Inconsistent results have been reported concerning the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes. Most current guidelines recommend calcium intake of up to 1,200 mg daily, preferably from the diet, without concern for cardiovascular risk. Recommendations regarding vitamin D supplementation vary widely. There is compelling evidence from well-conducted randomized trials that modest vitamin D supplementation is safe but does not confer cardiovascular benefit or cardiovascular harm.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluating adherence, tolerability and safety of oral calcium citrate in elderly osteopenic subjects: a real-life non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study
Mariangela Rondanelli, Salvatore Minisola, Marco Barale, Daniele Barbaro, Francesca Mansueto, Santina Battaglia, Gloria Bonaccorsi, Santina Caliri, Alessandro Cavioni, Luciano Colangelo, Sabrina Corbetta, Federica Coretti, Giorgia Dito, Valentina Gavioli,
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Daily Dietary Calcium Intake and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in Postmenopausal Korean Women
Jae Kyung Lee, Thi Minh Chau Tran, Euna Choi, Jinkyung Baek, Hae-Rim Kim, Heeyon Kim, Bo Hyon Yun, Seok Kyo Seo
Nutrients.2024; 16(7): 1043. CrossRef
Effect of Denosumab on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Comparison with and without Calcium Supplementation in Patients on Standard Diets in Korea
Chaiho Jeong, Jinyoung Kim, Jeongmin Lee, Yejee Lim, Dong-Jun Lim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Jeonghoon Ha
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(21): 6904. CrossRef

Calcium & Bone Metabolism
Update on Preoperative Parathyroid Localization in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Hye-Sun Park, Namki Hong, Jong Ju Jeong, Mijin Yun, Yumie Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):744-755. Published online October 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1589

3,983 View
351 Download
4 Web of Science
5 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Parathyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for primary hyperparathyroidism when the clinical criteria are met. Although bilateral neck exploration is traditionally the standard method for surgery, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP), or focused parathyroidectomy, has been widely accepted with comparable curative outcomes. For successful MIP, accurate preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions is essential. However, no consensus exists on the optimal approach for localization. Currently, ultrasonography and technetium-99m-sestamibi–single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography are widely accepted in most cases. However, exact localization cannot always be achieved, especially in cases with multiglandular disease, ectopic glands, recurrent disease, and normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, new modalities for preoperative localization have been developed and evaluated. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography and parathyroid venous sampling have demonstrated improvements in sensitivity and accuracy. Both anatomical and functional information can be obtained by combining these methods. As each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, the localization study should be deliberately chosen based on each patient’s clinical profile, costs, radiation exposure, and the availability of experienced experts. In this review, we summarize various methods for the localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissues in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Expression of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor on Normal and Abnormal Parathyroid and Thyroid Tissue
Anne L. Worth, Mesrop Ayrapetyan, Susan J. Maygarden, Zibo Li, Zhanhong Wu, Chris B. Agala, Lawrence T. Kim
Journal of Surgical Research.2024; 293: 618. CrossRef
A Rare Case of Hyperfunctioning Lipoadenoma Presenting as a Cystic Pararthyroid Lesion
Jinyoung Kim, Ohjoon Kwon, Tae-Jung Kim, So Lyung Jung, Eun Ji Han, Ki-Ho Song
Journal of Bone Metabolism.2023; 30(2): 201. CrossRef
Role of 18F-Fluorocholine Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) in Diagnosis of Elusive Parathyroid Adenoma
Janan R Badier, Pokhraj P Suthar, Jagadeesh S Singh, Miral D Jhaveri
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Pitfalls of DualTracer 99m-Technetium (Tc) Pertechnetate and Sestamibi Scintigraphy before Parathyroidectomy: Between Primary-Hyperparathyroidism-Associated Parathyroid Tumour and Ectopic Thyroid Tissue
Mara Carsote, Mihaela Stanciu, Florina Ligia Popa, Oana-Claudia Sima, Eugenia Petrova, Anca-Pati Cucu, Claudiu Nistor
Medicina.2023; 60(1): 15. CrossRef
Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Parathyroid Localization of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review
Max H. M. C. Scheepers, Zaid Al-Difaie, Lloyd Brandts, Andrea Peeters, Bjorn Winkens, Mahdi Al-Taher, Sanne M. E. Engelen, Tim Lubbers, Bas Havekes, Nicole D. Bouvy, Alida A. Postma
Diagnostics.2023; 14(1): 25. CrossRef

Calcium & Bone Metabolism
Updates on Paget’s Disease of Bone: Yong Jun Choi, Young Bae Sohn, Yoon-Sok Chung; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):732-743. Published online October 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1575

3,763 View
316 Download
2 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Paget’s disease of the bone is a prevalent bone disease characterized by disorganized bone remodeling; however, it is comparatively uncommon in East Asian countries, including China, Japan, and Korea. The exact cause still remains unknown. In genetically susceptible individuals, environmental triggers such as paramyxoviral infections are likely to cause the disease. Increased osteoclast activity results in increased bone resorption, which attracts osteoblasts and generates new bone matrix. Fast bone resorption and formation lead to the development of disorganized bone tissue. Increasing serum alkaline phosphatase or unique radiographic lesions may serve as the diagnostic indicators. Common symptoms include bone pain, bowing of the long bones, an enlarged skull, and hearing loss. The diagnosis is frequently confirmed by radiographic and nuclear scintigraphy of the bone. Further, bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid and pamidronate are effective for its treatment. Moreover, biochemical monitoring is superior to the symptoms as a recurrence indicator. This article discusses the updates of Paget’s disease of bone with a clinical case.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of Erythropoietin-Promoted Fracture Healing on Bone Turnover Markers in Cats
Radina Vasileva, Tsvetan Chaprazov, Aneliya Milanova
Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2024; 15(4): 106. CrossRef
Newly Diagnosed Monostotic Paget’s Disease of Bone during Living Kidney Donor Candidate Evaluation
Diana Jędrzejuk, Paweł Poznański, Paweł Szewczyk, Oktawia Mazanowska, Marek Bolanowski, Magdalena Krajewska, Dorota Kamińska
Biomedicines.2023; 11(2): 401. CrossRef
Paget's disease of bone in the patient presented with a bowed leg
Mehrzad Hajialiloo, Sepideh Tahsini Tekantapeh
Clinical Case Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

First
Prev
Page of 2
Next
Last

Article category