Fig. 1Differences in bone mineral density and bone turnover markers between subjects without and with pheochromocytoma. Values are presented as the estimated means with 95% confidence intervals, from analysis of covariance after adjustment for age, sex, menopausal status, body mass index, current smoking, alcohol intake, regular outdoor exercise, diabetes, and medication use including corticosteroids, antihypertensive agents, bisphosphonates, and hormone replacement. Adapted from Kim et al., with permission from Oxford University Press [32]. CTX, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; BSALP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase.
Fig. 2Differences in bone mineral density and trabecular bone score between subjects without and with primary aldosteronism in (A) women and (B) men. Values are presented as the estimated means with 95% confidence intervals, from analysis of covariance after adjustment for age, menopausal status in women, body mass index, current smoking, alcohol intake, regular outdoor exercise, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate. Adapted from Kim et al., with permission from Oxford University Press [51]. LS BMD, lumbar spine bone mineral density.
Table 1The Determination of the Risk for Lower BMDa According to the Presence of Pheochromocytoma
|
Patients with pheochromocytoma |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
P value |
Lower BMD at any siteb
|
2.54 (0.98–6.60) |
0.056 |
Lower BMD at the lumbar spine |
3.31 (1.23–8.56)c
|
0.014c
|
Lower BMD at the femur neck |
1.18 (0.31–4.45) |
0.806 |
Lower BMD at the total hip |
0.80 (0.17–3.75) |
0.772 |