Table 1Demographic and Biochemical Variables in the Diabetic and Control Subjects
Variable |
T2DM |
Control |
P value |
Age, yr |
63.45±12.35 |
60.00±5.85 |
0.252 |
BMI, kg/m2
|
32.13±5.61 |
30.98±5.01 |
0.463 |
Sex |
|
|
0.742 |
Male |
23 (39.6) |
6 (30.0) |
Female |
35 (60.4) |
14 (70.0) |
Glucose, mg/dL |
164 ±66 |
87±7 |
0.000a
|
BUN, mg/dL |
43±16 |
16±5 |
0.000a
|
hs-CRP, mg/dL |
1.028±2.33 |
0.74±1.06 |
0.630 |
Creatinine, mg/dL |
2.2±1 |
0.8±0.3 |
0.000a
|
Total cholesterol, mg/dL |
194±41 |
204±49 |
0.418 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL |
182±84 |
137±54 |
0.039b
|
HDL-C, mg/dL |
48±10 |
53±13 |
0.167 |
LDL-C, mg/dL |
109±28 |
124±45 |
0.165 |
C-peptide, ng/mL |
2.25±0.86 |
2.60±1.2 |
0.517 |
HbA1c, % |
7.5±1.6 |
5.3±0.6 |
0.002c
|
Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, mg/g |
310±287 |
3.9±1.8 |
0.000a
|
Table 2Comparison of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and CD146 Levels between the T2DM Patients and the Control Group
Variable |
T2DM |
Control |
P valueb
|
Female (60.4%) |
Male (39.6%) |
P valuea
|
Female (70%) |
Male (30%) |
P valuea
|
sVCAM-1, ng/mL |
28.40±13.96 |
25.77±11.70 |
0.50 |
32.00±16.02 |
29.00±14.16 |
0.88 |
0.059 |
sICAM-1, ng/mL |
3.72±0.71 |
3.91±0.77 |
0.65 |
4.27±0.91 |
4.11±0.78 |
0.78 |
0.013c
|
CD31−/CD146+, % |
0.05±0.007 |
0.04±0.066 |
0.78 |
0.01±0.01 |
0.01±0.01 |
1.00 |
0.233 |
CD31+/CD146+, % |
0.12±0.17 |
0.14±0.16 |
0.32 |
0.01±0.02 |
0.015±0.02 |
0.67 |
0.178 |
CD31+/CD146−, % |
1.87±6.51 |
1.68±4.78 |
0.06 |
0.16±0.12 |
0.12±0.14 |
0.78 |
0.566 |
Table 3Comparison of Biochemical Variables and sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and CD146 Levels between the Complication Groups among T2DM
Variable |
Neuropathy |
Retinopathy |
Without |
With |
P value |
Without |
With |
P value |
Age, yr |
65.80±11.39 |
58.22±13.45 |
0.128 |
65.00±11.85 |
62.35±12.93 |
0.579 |
BMI, kg/m2
|
32.22±5.14 |
31.93±6.89 |
0.901 |
32.78±4.98 |
31.68±6.13 |
0.613 |
hs-CRP, mg/dL |
0.50±0.45 |
2.19±4.03 |
0.070 |
0.57±0.41 |
1.36±3.01 |
0.377 |
Glucose, mg/dL |
141±44 |
215±81 |
0.004a
|
143.75±62.75 |
179.18±67.17 |
0.162 |
BUN, mg/dL |
45±17 |
39±16 |
0.375 |
41±20 |
46±15 |
0.509 |
Creatinine, mg/dL |
2.4±1.1 |
1.7±0.6 |
0.104 |
2.23±1.07 |
2.21±1.07 |
0.946 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL |
199±42 |
182±38 |
0.320 |
189.92±30.53 |
197.12±48.25 |
0.653 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL |
183±87 |
180±83 |
0.920 |
185.00±89.81 |
181.18±83.75 |
0.907 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
48±9 |
48±13 |
0.902 |
48.08±8.71 |
48.59±12.40 |
0.904 |
LDL-C, mg/dL |
114±27 |
98±28 |
0.178 |
104.92±21.43 |
112.29±33.16 |
0.505 |
Insulin, pmol/L |
45.56±45.22 |
53.09±54.65 |
0.810 |
18.030±17.41 |
59.65±49.26 |
0.198 |
C-peptide, ng/mL |
1.7±1 |
1.6±0.85 |
0.925 |
1.48±0.53 |
1.76±1.06 |
0.678 |
Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, mg/g |
220±250 |
300±310 |
0.511 |
225±265 |
257±285 |
0.767 |
HbA1c, % |
7.1±1 |
8.7±2.1 |
0.015b
|
7.51±1.92 |
7.80±1.46 |
0.645 |
Diabetes duration, yr |
11.89±8.76 |
15.11±6.81 |
0.342 |
9.73±9.09 |
15.00±7.08 |
0.097 |
sVCAM-1. ng/mL |
25.14±10.21 |
24.10±9.79 |
0.800 |
26.06±9.16 |
23.93±10.61 |
0.578 |
sICAM-1, ng/mL |
3.73±8.63 |
3.43±0.57 |
0.351 |
3.66±0.62 |
3.62±0.90 |
0.892 |
CD31−/CD146+, % |
0.05±0.06 |
0.04±0.05 |
0.899 |
0.03±0.02 |
0.06±0.07 |
0.273 |
CD31+/CD146+, % |
0.11±0.16 |
0.14±0.21 |
0.675 |
0.05±0.08 |
0.16±0.20 |
0.095 |
CD31+/CD146−, % |
2.45±7.81 |
0.56±0.73 |
0.480 |
0.76±1.69 |
2.65±8.40 |
0.452 |