Endocrinology and Metabolism

The Osteocyte Network as a Source and Reservoir of Signaling Factors.: Lynda F Bonewald; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):161-165. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.161

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Within the past few years, information regarding osteocyte function as been emerging and expanding significantly. No longer is the osteocyte considered a passive cell acting simply as a 'placeholder' within mineralized bone. Osteocytes are derived from osteoblast progenitors and in the adult skeleton compose 90-95% of all bone cells. Therefore, the function of these cells in the adult and aging skeleton has become the focus of recent investigation. These cells are proving to be multifunctional, ranging from mechanotransduction, to regulation of mineral homeostasis, to control of bone remodeling. The osteocyte as a source and reservoir of signaling factors important in health and maintenance of the adult skeleton is addressed in this review.

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Contributions of Resin Cast Etching to Visualising the Osteocyte Lacuno-Canalicular Network Architecture in Bone Biology and Tissue Engineering
Mari Sato, Furqan A. Shah
Calcified Tissue International.2023; 112(5): 525. CrossRef
Effects of the basic multicellular unit and lamellar thickness on osteonal fatigue life
George Pellegrino, Max Roman, J. Christopher Fritton
Journal of Biomechanics.2017; 60: 116. CrossRef
A facile in vitro model to study rapid mineralization in bone tissues
Anthony J Deegan, Halil M Aydin, Bin Hu, Sandeep Konduru, Jan Herman Kuiper, Ying Yang
BioMedical Engineering OnLine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

Molecular Biology of Atherosclerosis.: In Kyung Jeong; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):166-170. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.166

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Effects of bisphenol A on cardiovascular disease: An epidemiological study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2016 and meta-analysis
Shinje Moon, Sung Hoon Yu, Chang Beom Lee, Young Joo Park, Hyung Joon Yoo, Dong Sun Kim
Science of The Total Environment.2021; 763: 142941. CrossRef
Identification of Molecular Subtypes and Key Genes of Atherosclerosis Through Gene Expression Profiles
Yujia Yang, Yue Cai, Yuan Zhang, Xu Yi, Zhiqiang Xu
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Hamburger Patties Added Sea Tangle (Laminaria japonica) Powder and/or Cooked Rice on Postprandial Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels
Hyun-Kyung Oh, Hyeon-Sook Lim
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2011; 40(6): 809. CrossRef

Vascular Imaging Using Confocal Microscopy.: Ji Hyun Ahn, Jae Taek Kim, Chung Hyun Cho; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):171-176. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.171

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Effect of 17-beta Estradiol on Adipocyte Lipin-1 Expression in OLETF Rat.: Seong Kyu Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):177-179. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.177

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Effects of aPueraria lobata-root based combination supplement containingRehmannia glutinosaand aerobic exercise on improvement of metabolic dysfunctions in ovariectomized rats
Sang A Oh, Hyang Mok Ok, Hye Jin Kim, Won Jun Lee, Oran Kwon
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(2): 133. CrossRef

Consensus Statement: Management of Hyperprolactinemia.: Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):180-182. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.180

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Development of a Guideline for Antipsychotic-induced Hyperprolactinemia in Korea Using the ADAPTE Process
Hye Ri Kim, Sun Mi Kim, Won Sub Kang, Hong Jun Jeon, Seung-Ho Jang, Duk-In Jon, Jeongwan Hong, Jong-Hyun Jeong
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2023; 21(3): 447. CrossRef

Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.: Hye Won Jang, Ji In Lee, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):183-191. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.183

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BACKGROUND
Studies on the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in Korea are very rare. METHODS: We enrolled 56 MTC patients who underwent surgery at Samsung Medical Center from 1995 to 2006. We analyzed their gender, age at diagnosis, the pathologic findings, the TNM stage, the association with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), RET protooncogene mutation and the, serum basal calcitonin levels before and after the surgery. We investigated the overall survival and the prognostic factors. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 46 years and the male/female ratio was 1:2.7. Fine needle aspiration cytology detected 61% of the MTC. The mean tumor size was 2.6 cm (range: 0.2-9.0 cm). Fifty-two percent of patients had the TNM stage more than III at the time of diagnosis. Distant metastasis was found in 5.3% (3/56) of the patients, either at the time of diagnosis or during the follow-up period. Hereditary MTC comprised of 23% of the patients and the disease developed at a younger age (38 years vs. 48 years, respectively, P < 0.05) with more bilaterality. RET protooncogene mutations were found in 27% (9/33) of the patients and most of them were in codon 634. After the primary surgery, the serum basal calcitonin levels were persistently elevated over 13 ng/L in 49% of the patients. The overall 5-year survival rate was 95.5%. Tumor size and distant metastasis were the significant prognostic factors for survival by univariate analysis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the clinicopathological characteristics of MTC and survival in Korea compared to those of the Western countries.

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Preoperative Clinical and Sonographic Predictors for Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastases in Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Hye-Seon Oh, Hyemi Kwon, Eyun Song, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Eun Song, Tae Yong Kim, Jeong Hyun Lee, Suck Joon Hong, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Jung Hwan Baek, Won Gu Kim
Thyroid.2018; 28(3): 362. CrossRef
The Relationship between Ultrasonographic Features and Clinical Characteristics of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Min Joon Park, Young Sik Choi, Hee Sung Song, Beom Su Kim
Clinical Ultrasound.2018; 3(1): 8. CrossRef
Dynamic risk stratification for medullary thyroid cancer according to the response to initial therapy
Hyemi Kwon, Won Gu Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Eun Song, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Ki-Wook Chung, Jong Ho Yoon, Suck Joon Hong, Jung Hwan Baek, Jeong Hyun Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong
Endocrine.2016; 53(1): 174. CrossRef
Postoperative biochemical remission of serum calcitonin is the best predictive factor for recurrence‐free survival of medullary thyroid cancer: a large‐scale retrospective analysis over 30 years
Kyong Yeun Jung, Seok‐Mo Kim, Won Sang Yoo, Bup‐Woo Kim, Yong Sang Lee, Kyung Won Kim, Kyu Eun Lee, Jong Ju Jeong, Kee‐Hyun Nam, Se Hoon Lee, Jeong Hun Hah, Woong Youn Chung, Ka Hee Yi, Do Joon Park, Yeo‐Kyu Youn, Myung‐Whun Sung, Bo Youn Cho, Cheong Soo
Clinical Endocrinology.2016; 84(4): 587. CrossRef
Changing trends in the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of medullary thyroid carcinoma
Hyemi Kwon, Won Gu Kim, Tae‐Yon Sung, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Eun Song, Yu‐Mi Lee, Jong Ho Yoon, Ki‐Wook Chung, Suck Joon Hong, Jung Hwan Baek, Jeong Hyun Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2016; 113(2): 152. CrossRef
Localization of medullary thyroid carcinoma after surgery using 11C-methionine PET/CT: comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT
Hye Won Jang, Joon Young Choi, Ji In Lee, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyun Won Shin, Jung Hee Shin, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
Endocrine Journal.2010; 57(12): 1045. CrossRef

The Effect of Atorvastatin and Simvastatin on NIS Expression of the TPC-1 Cell under the Therapeutic Blood Concentrations.: Tae Kyoon Kim, Hye Sook Jung, Chang Shin Yoon, Jung Hae Ko, Hae Jung Jun, Min Jung Kwon, Sun Hee Lee, Mi Kyung Kim, Jeong Hyun Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):192-198. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.192

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Although so many experimental trials have been done to improve the redifferentiation and responsiveness of radioiodide therapy, they have not yet yielded any satisfactory results. As statins inhibit both farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, they have been reported to have an antineoplastic and redifferentiation effect in experimental and clinical studies. In this study, we investigated the relationship between statins and the alteration of the NIS expression and, TPC-1 cell apotosis to evaluate the possibility of using statins as adjuvant therapeutic agents for papillary thyroid cancer. METHODS: We used the TPC-1 cell lines for our experiments. Cell viabilities were measured by CCK-8. The degrees of apoptosis and, the expressions of NIS mRNA and NIS protein were measured by flow cytometry, semi quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot assay. RESULTS: Increased levels of NIS mRNA and NIS protein were observed under therapeutic blood concentrations (concentrations of simvastatin: 20, 50, 80 nM, concentrations of atorvastatin: 50, 80,110 nM), but the dose-response relationship was only manifested within simvastatin. The TPC-1 cells showed a concentration dependent decrease of viability and an increase of apoptosis not under therapeutic blood concentrations, but under excessively high concentrations (after treatment with 10-50 microM of atorvastatin and with 1-10 microM of simvastatin). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that effective therapeutic blood concentrations of simvastatin and atorvastatin can give a favorable effect on the NIS expression under effective therapeutic blood concentrations. Therefore, we demonstrated the possibility that simvastatin and atorvastatin might have an important role as adjuvant therapeutic agents to improve the responsiveness of radioiodide therapy for papillary thyroid cancer. Further studies are needed to clarify this issue.

Effect of 17-beta Estradiol on Adipocyte Lipin-1 Expression in OLETF Rat.: Eun Seok Kang, In Sook Kim, Seok Jin Ko, Chul Hoon Kim, Sung Wan Chun, Chul Woo Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):199-205. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.199

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BACKGROUND
17 beta-estradiol is known to play an important role in glucose homeostasis. Lipin-1 is a nuclear protein that is essential in adipocyte differentiation and it is considered to play a role in ectopic fat deposition and the redistribution of fat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 17 beta-estradiol on the lipin-1 expression in the adipocytes of OLETF rats, which is an animal model of diabetes. METHODS: The OLETF rats were divided into 3 groups, 1) the sham-operation group (SHAM) 2) the castrated group (CAST) and 2) the castrated and estradiol treatment group (EST), and all the rats were at 6 weeks of age. LETO rats were used as a control group (LETO). 0.1 mg of estradiol valerate was injected subcutaneously every 4 weeks in the rats of the EST group. The visceral and subcutaneous tissues were isolated to evaluate the lipin-1 protein expression. The lipin-1 expression was measured in human visceral and subcutaneous preadipocytes. RESULTS: Less body weight gain was observed in the EST group compared with that of the SHAM group. In addition, improvement in the glucose tolerance was observed in the EST group. The lipin-1 expression in visceral fat was decreased in the SHAM and CAST groups, but it was but recovered in the EST group. The lipin-1 expression in the subcutaneous fat was decreased in the SHAM, CAST, and EST groups. CONCLUSION: Long term estradiol treatment in OLETF rats reduces the body weight gain and improves the glucose tolerance. Estradiol enhances the lipin-1 protein expression in the visceral adipocytes, but not in the subcutaneous adipocytes.

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Effect of 17-beta Estradiol on Adipocyte Lipin-1 Expression in OLETF Rat
Seong-Kyu Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2010; 25(3): 177. CrossRef

The Comparison of Clinical Factors according to Growth Velocity during Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment in Central Precocious Puberty Girls.: Hyo Kyoung Nam, Jung Yeon Shin, Yeon Joung Oh, Young Jun Rhie, Young Yoo, Sang Hee Park, Kee Hyoung Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):206-212. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.206

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BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate the favorable factors for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment with regard to the growth velocity and the predicted adult height (PAH) in central precocious puberty (CPP) girls. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical and auxological parameters in 46 CPP girls who were treated with GnRH agonist at the pediatric endocrinology clinic of Korea University Hospital from January 2001 to August 2007. We divided the two groups according to the growth velocity of 5 cm/yr and we assessed the related factors associated with growth velocity. We also assessed the changes in PAH for two years. RESULTS: The pretreatment chronological age and bone age were significantly younger in the high growth velocity group (> 5 cm/yr) compared to that of the low growth velocity group (7.8 +/- 0.9 year vs. 8.4 +/- 0.5 year, 9.4 +/- 1.2 year vs. 10.1 +/- 0.9 year, respectively) (P < 0.05). The PAH after treatment was significantly greater in the high growth velocity group (> 5 cm/yr)(P < 0.05). Growth velocity during treatment had negative correlation with the pretreatment chronological age and positive correlation with the PAH after one and two years of treatment (r = -0.45, P < 0.05 and r = 0.51, P < 0.01). PAH had positive correlation with the treatment duration (r = 0.31, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In our study, the growth velocity during GnRH agonist treatment was negatively related to age at the initiation of treatment. Therefore, earlier treatment is important to improve the outcomes and to maintain appropriate growth velocity in CPP girls.

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Age of menarche and near adult height after long-term gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in girls with central precocious puberty
Joon-Woo Baek, Hyo-Kyoung Nam, Dahee Jin, Yeon Joung Oh, Young-Jun Rhie, Kee-Hyoung Lee
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2014; 19(1): 27. CrossRef

Sustained Maintenance of Normal Insulin-like Growth Factor-I during Pregnancy and Successful Delivery in an Acromegalic Patient with Octreotide-LAR(R) Treatment.: Soo Kyoung Kim, Jung Hwa Jung, Jae Hyeon Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Alice Hyun Tan, Hee Kyung Kim, Ji In Lee, Hye Soo Chung, Kwang Won Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):213-216. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.213

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Abstract PDF: We report here on a 34-year-old Korean woman with active acromegaly and who received Octreotide-LAR(R) for 12 months following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. During Octreotide-LAR(R) treatment, the clinical improvement was paralleled with the decrease of the growth hormone levels to 1.1 ng/mL and the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels to 345.5 ng/mL. Octreotide-LAR(R) was discontinued when the patient was found to be at the 12th week of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the patient experienced clinical well-being and she maintained her IGF-I levels within the normal range for her age-matched despite discontinuation of Octreotide-LAR(R) treatment at early gestation. She delivered a full-term healthy male infant. The serum IGF-I levels of the patient increased progressively increased after delivery. This report describes a successful pregnancy in an acromegalic woman who was exposed to Octreotide-LAR(R) during the early gestational period. She and who showed an unexpected pattern of persistently normal IGF-I levels through the pregnancy despite discontinuation of Octreotide-LAR(R) therapy.

Spontaneous Hypoglycemia due to Insulin Antibody after Insulin Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis.: Jin Ook Chung, Dong Hyeok Cho, Dong Jin Chung, Min Young Chung; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):217-220. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.217

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Abstract PDF

Hypoglycemia in diabetic patients is usually caused by excessive exogenous insulin or the administration of an insulin secretagogue relative to the prevailing glucose concentration. Thus, the clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia are usually not observed in diabetic patients after either insulin or an oral hypoglycemic agent is discontinued. In contrast, diabetic ketoacidosis results from relative or absolute insulin deficiency. Although about 40% of diabetic patients who inject human insulin have insulin antibodies, these antibodies seldom significantly affect the glycemic control. It has not been reported in the literature that insulin antibody in the setting of human insulin therapy is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis and subsequent hypoglycemia. We describe here a rare case of spontaneous hypoglycemia due to insulin antibody after the improvement of diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and who had been treated with human insulin.

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Type 1 diabetes complicated with cyclic vomiting syndrome and exogenous insulin antibody syndrome: A case report
Leiluo Geng, Xue Diao, Hao Han, Ying Lin, Wei Liang, Aimin Xu
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Insulin Glulisine May Cause a Disease Resembling Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: Case Report
Maki Kawasaki, Yoichi Oikawa, Takeshi Katsuki, Yusuke Kabeya, Masuomi Tomita, Mari Okisugi, Akira Shimada
Diabetes Care.2013; 36(12): e195. CrossRef
Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Yeong Geol Jo, Young Il Kim, Su Jin Lee, Ki Won Kim, Sung Wan Chun, Yeo Joo Kim, Sang Jin Kim
Journal of Korean Diabetes.2012; 13(2): 105. CrossRef

A Case of Pseudohypoparathyroidism with Graves' Disease.: Gil Woo Lee, Jae Hoon Kim, Kang Won Lee, Sa Il Kim, Sang Mo Hong, Dong Sun Kim, Woong Hwan Choi, You Hern Ahn, Tae Wha Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):221-225. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.221

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Abstract PDF: Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare disease that is characterized by target cell resistance to the effects of parathyroid hormone and this disease is classified into various types depending on the phenotypic and biochemical findings. The patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism present with the clinical and biochemical features of hypoparathyroidism, but they have an increased serum level of parathyroid hormone. We experienced a case of pseudohypoparathyroidism in a 24 years old woman who had Graves' disease at that time. She had hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, an elevated serum parathyroid hormone level and a normal urinary basal cyclic AMP(adenosine monophosphate) level. She also had a normal phenotypic appearance. Therefore, she was classified as suffering with pseudohypoparathyroidism type II. The clinical and laboratory abnormalities were improved by calcium supplementation in addition to vitamin D. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of pseudohypoparathyroidism combined with Graves' disease in Korea.

Intrathyroidal Metastasis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Subacute Thyroiditis.: Hyun Sung Shin, Young Kwang Choo, Won Ae Lee, Hyun Kyung Chung; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):226-230. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.226

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Abstract PDF: One of the rare diseases for differential diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis is metastases within the thyroid gland. We report here on a 72-year-old-woman with painful goiter and signs of hyperthyroidism. Her serum concentration of thyroid hormone was in the upper limit of normal, and the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid was completely depressed. Although subacute thyroiditis was suspected, an additional work up that included a chest CT scan was done for the combined cough and chronic weakness. The result was lung cancer with metastatic involvement of the thyroid and multiple lymph nodes. She refused further anti-cancer therapy and died 5 months after the diagnosis. For the differential diagnosis of such a rare case, careful examination is important even in patients with the typical symptoms and laboratory findings of subacute thyroiditis.

New Onset Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated with Quetiapine.: Soo Hyoung Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):231-235. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.231

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Abstract PDF: New onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis have been reported with administering atypical antipsychotics. Whereas clozapine and olanzapine are associated with a relatively high incidence of new onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis, there are few case reports that have has been documented implicating quetiapine as the contributor to causing diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. I report here on a case of diabetic ketoacidosis that developed in a patient who was associated with quetiapine therapy. A 32-year-old woman with schizophrenia was transferred to the emergency room with diabetic ketoacidosis and vaginal bleeding. Seventeen months before this episode, she was hospitalized in an inpatient psychiatric institution and treated with quetiapine 1200mg, haloperidol 3mg, diazepam 5mg and benztropine 3mg with normal blood glucose levels. She had no personal and familial history of diabetes mellitus. She had no risk factors for diabetes mellitus and she also had no precipitating factor for diabetic ketoacidosis except for taking the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine. I believe that this case is the first case report of quetiapine associated diabetic ketoacidosis in Korea. Considering the unpredictability of hyperglycemia associated with quetiapine, monitoring the blood glucose should be part of the routine care when administering quetiapine.

A Case of Pheochromocytoma Presented with Cardiogenic Shock and Followed by Spontaneous Remission.: Jae Wook Kwak, Jong Sang Kim, Yun Jong Seo, Jae Hui Jang, Sun Hui Park, Hyo Heon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):236-239. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.236

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Abstract PDF

Pheochromocytoma is derived from the chromaffin cells and patients with pheochromocytoma present with several signs and symptoms by producing, storing and secreting catecholamine. Spontaneous rupture or necrosis of pheochromocytoma is extremely rare, but it can be lethal because of the dramatic change in the circulation such as an acute abdominal emergency or shock. Spontaneous remission of the clinical symptoms due to necrosis of the pheochromocytoma is rare. We describe such a case that presented with cardiogenic shock due to extensive necrosis of the pheochromocytoma and this was followed by spontaneous remission of the clinical symptoms without removal of the pheochromocytoma.

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Pheochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock successfully treated by extracorporeal circulation
Min Young Lee, Sang Bae Lee, Hyun Seo Cha, Ji Hong You, Eui Young Choi, Jong Suk Park
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2017; 34(2): 285. CrossRef

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