Ebtehaj et al. (2017) [22] |
27 Men and 49 women |
43–70 (59) |
Europe (Netherlands) |
Case (40; 1.71 [1.25–2.48] mg/L) |
28.9±4.9 |
NA |
Cross-sectional |
ELISA |
****** |
Control (36; 1.58 [0.82–2.18] mg/L) |
Yang et al. (2017) [23] |
125 Men and 261 women |
44–63 (54) |
Asia (China) |
Case (185; 892 [537–1,129] μg/L) |
26.8±4.0 |
NA |
Case-control |
NA |
****** |
Control (201; 657 [462–831] μg/L) |
Griffiths et al. (2017) [24] |
84 Women |
28–49 (37) |
Europe (Ireland) |
Case (42; 13 [8–29] μg/L) |
35.88±7.72 |
SAA and BMI, FPG, HbA1c, HDL-C (r=0.48, 0.294, 0.348, –0.197) |
Case-control |
ELISA |
******* |
Control (42; 6 [3–13] μg/L) |
Zhao et al. (2016) [25] |
299 Men and 299 women |
45–65 (54) |
Asia (China) |
Case (300; 928.5±326.8 μg/L) |
26.4±3.7 |
NA |
Case-control |
ELISA |
****** |
Control (298; 811.9±286.8 μg/L) |
Moura Neto et al. (2014) [26] |
52 Men and 88 women |
50–63 (57) |
South America (Brazil) |
Case (70; 14.68 [5.92–26.04] μg/mL) |
30.0±6.44 |
NA |
Cross-sectional |
ELISA |
******* |
Control (70; 10.72 [3.67–19.11] μg/mL) |
Leinonen et al. (2004) [31] |
144 Men and 102 women |
52–67 (60) |
Europe (Finland) |
Case (168; 23 [4.8–2,082] μg/mL) |
30.4±5.4 |
NA |
Cross-sectional |
ELISA |
**** |
Control (78; 19 [5.1–153] μg/mL) |
Morgantini et al. (2011) [32] |
22 Men and 28 women |
52–74 (62) |
Europe (Italy) |
Case (26; 48.2±35.1 μg/dL) |
34.0±8.0 |
NA |
Cross-sectional |
ELISA |
***** |
Control (24; 22.7±1.5 μg/dL) |
Murakami et al. (2013) [33] |
25 Men and 20 women |
30–73 (54) |
Asia (Japan) |
Case (36; 2.69±1.75 μg/mL) |
NA |
NA |
Cross-sectional |
ELISA |
**** |
Control (9; 3.22±2.05 μg/mL) |
Yassine et al. (2015) [34] |
76 Men and 84 women |
36–69 (53) |
North America (USA) |
Case (91; 21.2 [9.9–38.6] ng/mL) |
33.9±8.4 |
NA |
Cross-sectional |
ELISA |
***** |
Control (69; 28.7 [17.3–44.5] ng/mL) |
Hatanaka et al. (2007) [27] |
17 Men and 21 women |
43–75 (60) |
South America (Brazil) |
Case (18; 3,443.4±5,036.0 pg/mL) |
26.5±3.5 |
NA |
Case-control |
ELISA |
****** |
Control (20; 1,179±1,235.2 pg/mL) |
Tsun et al. (2013) [35] |
90 Men and 295 women |
38–59 (47) |
Asia (China) |
Case (110; 115.6 [66.1–151.1] ng/mL) |
25.2±3.7 |
NA |
Cross-sectional |
ELISA |
***** |
Control (275; 106.5 [79.4–137.2] ng/mL) |
Du et al. (2008) [36] |
7 Men and 15 women |
60–72 (66) |
Asia (China) |
Case (10; 3.34±2.32 g/mL) |
26.5±1.83 |
NA |
Case-control |
ELISA |
***** |
Control (12; 0.95±0.41 g/mL) |
Stettler et al. (2009) [] |
553 Men and 158 women |
53–70 (61) |
Europe (Ireland) |
Case (159; 3.15 [2.05–4.9] mg/L) |
29.2±4.63 |
NA |
Cross-sectional |
Immunonephelometry |
***** |
Control (552; 2.65 [1.60–4.60] mg/L) |
Turgutalp et al. (2013) [38] |
74 Men and 72 women |
40–45 (42) |
Asia (Turkey) |
Case (62; 5.8±1.33 mg/mL) |
NA |
NA |
Cross-sectional |
Immunonephelometry |
*** |
Control (84; 3.8±1.33 mg/mL) |
Karlsson et al. (2004) [28] |
21 Men |
56–60 (58) |
Europe (Sweden) |
Case (10; 3.16±1.71 mg/mL) |
28.0±1.0 |
NA |
Case-control |
Immunonephelometry |
****** |
Control (11; 2.22±1.03 mg/mL) |
Kumon et al. (1994) [39] |
89 Men and 107 women |
46–74 (59) |
Asia (Japan) |
Case (105; 2.1±1.3 mg/L) |
NA |
NA |
Case-control |
ELISA |
**** |
Control (91; 1.2±0.5 mg/L) |
Wu et al. (2007) [40] |
NA |
NA |
North America (USA) |
Case (31; 5.25±7.9 mg/L) |
NA |
NA |
Cross-sectional |
ELISA |
***** |
Control (23; 2.4±2.1 mg/L) |
Chen et al. (2013) [41] |
NA |
42–58 (55) |
Asia (China) |
Case (112; 318.31±34.35 μg/L) |
26.3±3.7 |
SAA and BMI, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, HbA1c, SBP, DBP (r=–0.069, 0.112, –0.120, 0.559, 0.527, 0.198, 0.615, 0.507) |
Case-control |
ELISA |
**** |
Control (86; 163.90±37.31 μg/L) |
Muller et al. (2002) [29] |
145 Men and 87 women |
60–71 (65) |
Europe (Germany) |
NA |
29.7±6.65 |
SAA and IL-6, CRP (r=0.35, 0.6) |
Case-control |
Immunonephelometry |
****** |
Leinonen et al. (2003) [42] |
163 Men and 76 women |
54–67 (61) |
Oceania, Europe (Australia, New Zealand and Finland) |
NA |
30.51±5.63 |
SAA and BMI, WC, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, CRP, IL-6 (r=0.277, 0.347, 0.232, 0.307, 0.687, 0.449) |
Cross-sectional |
ELISA |
***** |
Catalan et al. (2007) [30] |
25 Women |
33–46 (38) |
Europe (Spain) |
NA |
39.77±10.01 |
SAA and BMI, FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C (r=0.66, 0.10, 0.40, 0.27, 0.25, –0.08, –0.15, –0.55) |
Case-control |
ELISA |
****** |