Warning: fopen(/home/virtual/enm-kes/journal/upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-12.txt): failed to open stream: Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 100 Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 101 The Diabetes Epidemic in Korea
Skip Navigation
Skip to contents

Endocrinol Metab : Endocrinology and Metabolism

clarivate
OPEN ACCESS
SEARCH
Search
Advanced Search
mobile menu button

Articles

Page Path
HOME > Endocrinol Metab > Volume 31(3); 2016 > Article
Review Article
The Diabetes Epidemic in Korea
Junghyun Nohorcid
Endocrinology and Metabolism 2016;31(3):349-353.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.349
Published online: August 26, 2016

Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.

Corresponding author: Junghyun Noh. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 170 Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 10380, Korea. Tel: +82-31-910-7930, Fax: +82-31-910-7518, jhnoh@paik.ac.kr
• Received: June 27, 2016   • Revised: July 26, 2016   • Accepted: August 3, 2016

Copyright © 2016 Korean Endocrine Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  • 7,540 Views
  • 55 Download
  • 53 Web of Science
  • 55 Crossref
  • 52 Scopus
next
Full Article

Download PDF Download PDF

  • Diabetes is one of the foremost public health issues worldwide that can lead to complications in many organ systems, and has become a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Korea. According to data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), about 2.7 million Koreans (8.0%) aged 30 years or older had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 2013. The prevalence of T2DM increased with age and rose from 5.6% in 2006 to 8.0% in 2013. Using data based on The Health Screening Service of the NHIS, 25% of Korean adults were reported to have prediabetes in 2013. The prevalence of an impaired fasting glucose tended to increase over time from 21.5% in 2006 to 25.0% in 2013. Even though nationwide health screening has been regularly conducted as a public service, the proportion of undiagnosed cases of diabetes was still reported to be on the higher side in the latest study. Based on the results of these epidemic studies, further actions will be needed to effectively implement lifestyle changes on a social level and increase measures for the early detection of diabetes to stem the tide of the epidemic.
  • Keywords: Epidemiology; Diabetes; Prediabetic state
Diabetes is one of the foremost public health issues worldwide and is anticipated to increase in global predominance by 51% from 366 million in 2011 to 552 million in 2030 [1]. Diabetes leads to complications in many organ systems, which have become a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Korea [2]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has experienced an explosive increase in prevalence during the last three decades in the Asian population. In China, the rate of diabetes has risen from 2.6% to 9.7% over the past decade [3]. In Taiwan, the prevalence rate of diabetes from 1985 to 2007 was between 4.9% and 8.3% [4]. The prevalence of probable diabetes in Japan has increased from 6.9 million to 8.9 million during the decade from 1997 to 2007 [5]. The prevalence of T2DM in Korea is also increasing, as evidenced by several cohort studies and national surveys [67]. The rapidly rising prevalence rates of diabetes in Asia may be related to increasing urbanization, a decrease in physical activity and a rising obese population [8]. The aim of this review is to provide insight on the diabetes epidemic in Korea based upon the published literature.
Websites including PubMed, Google, and KoreaMed were searched using the following key words: "diabetes in Korea," "diabetes epidemic in Korea," and "diabetes prevalence in Korea." Reports published by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) on the above topics were also used. The articles and reviews were selected from peer-reviewed journals and identified based on the search for preparing the present review article.
Cohort studies
The cross-sectional cohort studies in various areas included Yeoncheon county in 1993 with a sample size of 2,520 [9], Jeong-eup district (1997) with a sample size of 1,108 [10], and Mok-dong in Seoul (1998) with a sample size of 774 [11]; the diabetes prevalence rates were 7.2%, 7.1%, and 8.5%, respectively. In a prospective cohort study conducted in Anseong and Ansan counties from 2000 to 2002, 12.6% of residents had been diagnosed with diabetes, including 6.0% established cases of diabetes and 6.6% newly diagnosed cases [1213]. These cohort studies revealed a rapid increase with respect to the prevalence of diabetes, although the studies were conducted in restricted areas involving participants who might have had widely varied characteristics (Table 1).
The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a cross-sectional health surveillance system that is randomly sampled throughout South Korea and is conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Since its initiation in 1998, surveys for the KNHANES I (1998), KNHANES II (2001), KNHANES III (2005), KNHANES IV (2007 to 2009), and KNHANES V (2010 to 2012) have been executed, and the investigation for the KNHANES VI (2013 to 2015) is still in progress [14]. In this analysis, diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose value ≥126 mg/dL or a previous diagnosis of diabetes. According to the KNHANES, the age-standardized prevalence rates of diabetes among adults aged ≥30 years were 8.6%, 9.1%, 9.6%, 9.6%, 9.8%, and 11.1% in 2001, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013, respectively (Fig. 1A). The prevalence of T2DM was 1.4 times higher in men than in women (Fig. 1A) and increased with age by 2.5% in the group from 30 to 39, 7.3% in people from 40 to 49, 12.6% in those from 50 to 59, 25.2% in the group from 60 to 69, and 27.6% in people 70 years of age and older in 2013 (Fig. 2A). Despite the fact that there are fluctuations in the annual prevalence, the prevalence of diabetes has increased during the last few decades. This rise has been particularly evident in older groups (≥70 years age) and almost doubled from 15.1% in 2001 to 27.6% in 2013.
Furthermore, according to the KNHANES, undiagnosed diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL without a previous diagnosis of diabetes; the prevalence was 30.9% in men and 22.0% in women out of the total diabetic population in 2013 [14]. The rate of unawareness was highest in people from 30 to 39 years of age and was 65.4% in men and 35.1% in women. Interestingly, according to the 2011 to 2012 KNHANES, it is evident that men with a low income had lower odds for diabetes compared to those with the highest incomes; in contrast, women with a low income had an increased likelihood of developing diabetes compared with women with the highest income [15]. However, according to data from the 2013 KNHANES, the gender-specific economic discrepancy has since disappeared, and diabetes has become more prevalent in individuals in lower income groups in both genders; this finding was similar to that observed in developed Western countries [14].
The National Health Insurance Service database
Recently, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), which is a single-payer program for all residents in Korea, signed an agreement with the KDA to provide open access to its databases. As a result, the current epidemic of diabetes was evaluated and reported using the information from the National Health Information Database of the NHIS as a Korean Diabetes Fact Sheet (DFS) in 2015 by the KDA. The data from the NHIS has distinctive characteristics compared to the KNHANES. First, it is not a sampling inventory but instead a complete enumeration survey for all residents in Korea. Second, it is possible to set type limits for diabetes using operational definitions with ICD-10 codes. In practice, patients with type 1 diabetes who had claims under ICD-10 code E10 were excluded from the evaluation of the prevalence of T2DM. According to Korean DFS 2015 [16], about 2.7 million Korean people (8.0%) aged 30 years or older had T2DM in 2013. In this analysis, T2DM was defined based on ICD-10 code (E11–E14) and the concurrent prescription of anti-diabetic medications. The prevalence of T2DM increased with age as follows: 0.9% in the 30 to 39, 3.5% in people 40 to 49, 8.9% in people 50 to 59, 16.6% in the group from 60 to 69, and 21.5% in the 70 to 79 years group; there was a slight decrease in the group ≥80 years to 16.7% in 2013 (Fig. 2B). The overall increase in the annual prevalence of T2DM rose from 5.6% in 2006 to 8.0% in 2013 (Fig. 1B).
When the database of the Health Screening Service was used, which included 10,610,669 participants aged ≥30 years from the national Health Screening Service, the prevalence of diabetes in 2013 was found to be 10.9%; diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose value ≥126 mg/dL or an ICD-10 code (E11–E14) with a prescription of anti-diabetic medications. The prevalence from the database of the Health Screening Service was 2.9% higher than that of the National Health Information Database. This discrepancy suggests that around 3% of the adult population have undiagnosed diabetes according to a fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL without an ICD-10 code (E11–E14) or the prescription of anti-diabetic medications.
The prevalence of prediabetes was also reported by the Korean DFS 2015 using the database of the Health Screening Service of the NHIS [16]. Prevalent case of prediabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose between 100 to 125 mg/dL without a claim under ICD-10 codes E11–E14 or the prescription of anti-diabetic medication. Based on the fasting glucose level, 25.0% of adults were reported to have prediabetes in 2013. The prevalence of an impaired fasting glucose tended to increase over time from 21.5% in 2006 to 25.0% in 2013. An analysis of prediabetes based on data from the KNHANES also defined the condition as a fasting glucose between 100 to 125 mg/dL without a prior history of diabetes. In these analyses, the prevalence of prediabetes increased as well from 17.4% in 2005 to 20.4% in 2007 to 2009 [17]. Based on the fact that only the fasting glucose level was considered for the definition of prediabetes, an impaired glucose tolerance was not included when defining prediabetes. It is therefore hypothesized that this operational definition of prediabetes may underestimate its true prevalence.
Numerous epidemiologic studies, including regional cohorts, the KNHANES and the National Health Information Database, have revealed a high rate of existence and a gradual increase in the prevalence of diabetes in Korea. Even though nationwide health screening is regularly offered as a public service, the proportion of undiagnosed cases was still reported to be high in the latest study. Estimates of the diabetes burden have important implications for future public health planning. Based on the results of these epidemic studies, we anticipate that further actions will be needed to effectively implement lifestyle changes on a social level and increase measures for the early detection of diabetes to stem the tide of the epidemic.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

  • 1. International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas; 6th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2013.
  • 2. National Statistical Office. Annual report on the vital statistics in Korea; Seoul: National Statistical Office of Korea; 2014.
  • 3. Li H, Oldenburg B, Chamberlain C, O'Neil A, Xue B, Jolley D, et al. Diabetes prevalence and determinants in adults in China mainland from 2000 to 2010: a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012;98:226–235. ArticlePubMed
  • 4. Lin CC, Li CI, Hsiao CY, Liu CS, Yang SY, Lee CC, et al. Time trend analysis of the prevalence and incidence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes among adults in Taiwan from 2000 to 2007: a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2013;13:318ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
  • 5. Morimoto A, Nishimura R, Tajima N. Trends in the epidemiology of patients with diabetes in Japan. Japan Med Assoc J 2010;53:36–40.
  • 6. Kim DJ. The epidemiology of diabetes in Korea. Diabetes Metab J 2011;35:303–308. ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 7. Cho NH. Diabetes burden and prevention in Korea and the Western Pacific Region. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014;106(Suppl 2):S282–S287. ArticlePubMed
  • 8. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Shetty AS, Nanditha A. Trends in prevalence of diabetes in Asian countries. World J Diabetes 2012;3:110–117. ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 9. Park Y, Lee H, Koh CS, Min H, Yoo K, Kim Y, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and IGT in Yonchon County, South Korea. Diabetes Care 1995;18:545–548. ArticlePubMed
  • 10. Kim YI, Kim CH, Choi CS, Chung YE, Lee MS, Lee SI, et al. Microalbuminuria is associated with the insulin resistance syndrome independent of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in the Korean population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001;52:145–152. ArticlePubMed
  • 11. Oh JY, Lee HJ, Hong ES, Hong YS, Sung YA, Lee SH. The prevalence and incidence of diabetes in Mokdong, Seoul. J Korean Diabetes Assoc 2003;27:73–83.
  • 12. Cho NH, Chan JC, Jang HC, Lim S, Kim HL, Choi SH. Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes: a four-year community-based prospective study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009;71:679–685. ArticlePubMed
  • 13. Cho NH. The epidemiology of diabetes in Korea: from the economics to genetics. Korean Diabetes J 2010;34:10–15. ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 14. Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare. Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Seoul: Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2014.
  • 15. Ko B, Lim J, Kim YZ, Park HS. Trends in type 2 diabetes prevalence according to income levels in Korea (1998-2012). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016;115:137–139. ArticlePubMed
  • 16. Korean Diabetes Association. Korean diabetes fact sheet 2015 [Internet]; Seoul: Korean Diabetes Association; c2011. cited 2016 Aug 8. Available from: http://www.diabetes.or.kr/bbs/index.html?sub_menu=&code=e_resource&category=1&gubun=&page=1&number=215&mode=view&order=&sort=&keyfield=&key=.
  • 17. Choi YJ, Kim HC, Kim HM, Park SW, Kim J, Kim DJ. Prevalence and management of diabetes in Korean adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1998-2005. Diabetes Care 2009;32:2016–2020. ArticlePubMedPMC
Fig. 1

Trends in the prevalence of diabetes in Korea. (A) The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2001 to 2013. Diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose value ≥126 mg/dL or a previous diagnosis of diabetes. (B) The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was determined based on data from the National Health Insurance Service. Type 2 diabetes was defined as the presence of ICD-10 code (E11–E14) and the prescription of anti-diabetic medications.

enm-31-349-g001.jpg
Fig. 2

The prevalence of diabetes according to age group in 2013. (A) The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes based on the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose value ≥126 mg/dL or a previous diagnosis of diabetes. (B) The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was based on data from the National Health Insurance Service. Type 2 diabetes was defined when an ICD-10 code (E11–E14) and the prescription of anti-diabetic medications were present.

enm-31-349-g002.jpg
Table 1

Prevalence of Diabetes in Korea Based on Cohort Data

enm-31-349-i001.jpg
Region Year Diagnosis method Criteria Sample size, n Prevalence, % Reference
Yonchon, rural 1993 75 g OGTT WHO 1985 2,520 7.2 [9]
Jeong-eup, rural 1997 75 g OGTT WHO 1985 1,108 7.1 [10]
Mok-dong, urban 1998 75 g OGTT ADA 1997 774 8.5 [11]
Ansan and Anseong, rural and urban 2000–2002 75 g OGTT ADA 1997 10,038 12.6 [12]

OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; WHO, World Health Organization; ADA, American Diabetes Association.

Figure & Data

References

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • A Nationwide Population‐Based Study for the Recurrence and Comorbidities in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
      Hye Yeon Ko, Hae Jeong Nam, Min Hee Kim
      The Laryngoscope.2024; 134(3): 1417.     CrossRef
    • Real-World Outcomes of Individualized Targeted Therapy with Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL in Insulin-Naïve Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes: TOBE Study
      Eun-Gyoung Hong, Kyung-Wan Min, Jung Soo Lim, Kyu-Jeung Ahn, Chul Woo Ahn, Jae-Myung Yu, Hye Soon Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Won Kim, Dong Han Kim, Hak Chul Jang
      Advances in Therapy.2024; 41(5): 1967.     CrossRef
    • Cancer risk according to fasting blood glucose trajectories: a population-based cohort study
      Thi Minh Thu Khong, Thi Tra Bui, Hee-Yeon Kang, Jinhee Lee, Eunjung Park, Jin-Kyoung Oh
      BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care.2024; 12(1): e003696.     CrossRef
    • Cost-effectiveness of open versus laparoscopic pancreatectomy: A nationwide, population-based study
      Jun Suh Lee, Ha Lynn Oh, Yoo-Seok Yoon, Ho-Seong Han, Jai Young Cho, Hae-Won Lee, Boram Lee, MeeYoung Kang, Yeshong Park, Jinju Kim
      Surgery.2024; 176(2): 427.     CrossRef
    • Nomenclature Dilemma of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): Considerable Proportions of MAFLD Are Metabolic Healthy
      Huiyul Park, Eileen L. Yoon, Mimi Kim, Seon Cho, Eun-Hee Nah, Dae Won Jun
      Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2023; 21(4): 1041.     CrossRef
    • Efficacy of Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Promoting the Healing of Diabetic Wounds in a Murine Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes: A Pilot Experiment
      Jiyoung Yun, SaeGwang Park, Ha Young Park, Kyung Ah Lee
      International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(3): 1932.     CrossRef
    • Influence of Fasting Glucose Level on Gastric Cancer Incidence in a Prospective Cohort Study
      Tao Thi Tran, Jeonghee Lee, Madhawa Gunathilake, Hyunsoon Cho, Jeongseon Kim
      Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2022; 31(1): 254.     CrossRef
    • A Comparative analysis of type 2 diabetes management quality indicators in cancer survivors
      Eun J. Ko, Su J. Lee
      Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2022; 9(11): 100116.     CrossRef
    • Comparative Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor and Thiazolidinedione Treatment on Risk of Stroke among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
      Seung Eun Lee, Hyewon Nam, Han Seok Choi, Hoseob Kim, Dae-Sung Kyoung, Kyoung-Ah Kim
      Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(4): 567.     CrossRef
    • Prevalence and diagnosis experience of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women over 50: Focusing on socioeconomic factors
      Min Hyeok Choi, Ji Hee Yang, Jae Seung Seo, Yoon-ji Kim, Suk-Woong Kang, Jose M. Moran
      PLOS ONE.2021; 16(3): e0248020.     CrossRef
    • Effect of Teneligliptin versus Sulfonylurea on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Study in Korea
      Da Hea Seo, Kyoung Hwa Ha, So Hun Kim, Dae Jung Kim
      Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(1): 70.     CrossRef
    • A nationwide study of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance with a 10-year follow-up in South Korea
      Ka-Won Kang, Ji Eun Song, Byung-Hyun Lee, Min Ji Jeon, Eun Sang Yu, Dae Sik Kim, Se Ryeon Lee, Hwa Jung Sung, Chul Won Choi, Yong Park, Byung Soo Kim
      Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Fibrosis Burden of Missed and Added Populations According to the New Definition of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver
      Huiyul Park, Eileen L. Yoon, Mimi Kim, Jung-Hwan Kim, Seon Cho, Dae Won Jun, Eun-Hee Nah
      Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(19): 4625.     CrossRef
    • The Effects of Glucose Lowering Agents on the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
      Inha Jung, Hyemi Kwon, Se Eun Park, Kyung-Do Han, Yong-Gyu Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee
      Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(5): 977.     CrossRef
    • Decreased Vagal Activity and Deviation in Sympathetic Activity Precedes Development of Diabetes
      Da Young Lee, Mi Yeon Lee, Jung Hwan Cho, Hyemi Kwon, Eun-Jung Rhee, Cheol-Young Park, Ki-Won Oh, Won-Young Lee, Sung-Woo Park, Seungho Ryu, Se Eun Park
      Diabetes Care.2020; 43(6): 1336.     CrossRef
    • Efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin in East/Southeast Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
      Jie Liu, Shrita Patel, Nilo B. Cater, Larry Wu, Susan Huyck, Steven G. Terra, Anne Hickman, Amanda Darekar, Annpey Pong, Ira Gantz
      Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2020; 22(4): 574.     CrossRef
    • Outcomes for Inappropriate Renal Dose Adjustment of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Population-Based Study
      Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
      Mayo Clinic Proceedings.2020; 95(1): 101.     CrossRef
    • Longitudinal Study of Diabetic Differences between International Migrants and Natives among the Asian Population
      Heng Piao, Jae Moon Yun, Aesun Shin, Belong Cho
      Biomolecules & Therapeutics.2020; 28(1): 110.     CrossRef
    • Risk of active tuberculosis development in contacts exposed to infectious tuberculosis in congregate settings in Korea
      Shin Young Park, Sunmi Han, Young-Man Kim, Jieun Kim, Sodam Lee, Jiyeon Yang, Un-Na Kim, Mi-sun Park
      Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • The Combined Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Depends on Sex: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
      Hyung Jung Oh, Hye Ah Lee, Chang Mo Moon, Dong-Ryeol Ryu
      Yonsei Medical Journal.2020; 61(6): 506.     CrossRef
    • Coffee Consumption, Genetic Polymorphisms, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pooled Analysis of Four Prospective Cohort Studies
      An Na Kim, Hyun Jeong Cho, Jiyoung Youn, Taiyue Jin, Moonil Kang, Joohon Sung, Jung Eun Lee
      International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(15): 5379.     CrossRef
    • Current findings of kidney biopsy including nephropathy associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Korea
      Kipyo Kim, Sang Ho Lee, Sung Woo Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Ho Jun Chin
      The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2020; 35(5): 1173.     CrossRef
    • A Diabetes-Related Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Incident Diabetes in Obese Men in the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study
      Hye Ah Lee, NaYeong Son, Won Kyung Lee, Hyesook Park
      The Journal of Nutrition.2019; 149(2): 323.     CrossRef
    • Associations of postmenopausal hormone therapy with metabolic syndrome among diabetic and non-diabetic women
      Ji-Eun Kim, Jaesung Choi, JooYong Park, Jong-koo Lee, Aesun Shin, Sang Min Park, Daehee Kang, Ji-Yeob Choi
      Maturitas.2019; 121: 76.     CrossRef
    • The changing epidemiology of herpes zoster over a decade in South Korea, 2006–2015
      Jae-Ki Choi, Sun Hee Park, Sanghyun Park, Sung-Yeon Cho, Hyo-Jin Lee, Si-Hyun Kim, Su-Mi Choi, Dong-Gun Lee, Jung-Hyun Choi, Jin-Hong Yoo
      Vaccine.2019; 37(36): 5153.     CrossRef
    • Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes and its associated risk factors in Vietnam
      Van Dat Nguyen, Quang Mai Vien, Thai Hung Do, Cong Danh Phan, Huu Chau Nguyen, Van Tuyen Nguyen, Dinh Luong Nguyen, Won Seok Sir, Yun Chon
      Journal of Global Health Science.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Heterogeneous Trajectories of Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Diabetes: Findings from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA)
      Chanhee Kim, Min Jung Kim, Chang Gi Park
      Stress.2019; 27(1): 1.     CrossRef
    • The Effect of Coffee Consumption on the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus: The 2012–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
      Yejee Lim, Youngmi Park, Sun Kyu Choi, Soyeon Ahn, Jung Hun Ohn
      Nutrients.2019; 11(10): 2377.     CrossRef
    • Effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on diabetic retinopathy and its progression: A real-world Korean study
      Yoo-Ri Chung, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Kihwang Lee, Dae Jung Kim, Ping-Hsun Wu
      PLOS ONE.2019; 14(10): e0224549.     CrossRef
    • Letter: Projection of Diabetes Prevalence in Korean Adults for the Year 2030 Using Risk Factors Identified from National Data (Diabetes Metab J 2019;43:90–6)
      Bo Kyung Koo
      Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(2): 242.     CrossRef
    • Changes of computed tomography‐based body composition after adrenalectomy in patients with endogenous hypercortisolism
      Namki Hong, Jooyeon Lee, Cheol Ryong Ku, Kichang Han, Cho Rok Lee, Sang Wook Kang, Yumie Rhee
      Clinical Endocrinology.2019; 90(2): 267.     CrossRef
    • Estimating Lifetime Duration of Diabetes by Age and Gender in the Korean Population Using a Markov Model
      Seung Woo Cho, Seon Ha Kim, Young-Eun Kim, Seok-Jun Yoon, Min-Woo Jo
      Journal of Korean Medical Science.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Hospital-Based Korean Diabetes Prevention Study: A Prospective, Multi-Center, Randomized, Open-Label Controlled Study
      Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Jeong-Taek Woo
      Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(1): 49.     CrossRef
    • Medical Big Data Is Not Yet Available: Why We Need Realism Rather than Exaggeration
      Hun-Sung Kim, Dai-Jin Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon
      Endocrinology and Metabolism.2019; 34(4): 349.     CrossRef
    • Changes in secondhand smoke exposure levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in middle age: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)
      Jooeun Jeon, Keum Ji Jung, Heejin Kimm, Sun Ha Jee
      BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care.2019; 7(1): e000859.     CrossRef
    • Implementation of the Chronic Disease Care System and its association with health care costs and continuity of care in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
      Woorim Kim, Yoon Soo Choy, Sang Ah Lee, Eun-Cheol Park
      BMC Health Services Research.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Trends in diabetes prevalence among Korean adults based on Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys III–VI
      Jae-woo Lee, Hee-Taik Kang, Hyoung-Ji Lim, Byoungjin Park
      Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2018; 138: 57.     CrossRef
    • Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Diabetes and Dysglycemia in Korean General Adult Population
      Jong Ha Baek, Hosu Kim, Kyong Young Kim, Jaehoon Jung
      Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(4): 296.     CrossRef
    • Relationship Between Circulating Netrin-1 Concentration, Impaired Fasting Glucose, and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
      Jisook Yim, Gyuri Kim, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Jeong-Ho Kim, Jin Won Cho, Sang-Guk Lee, Yong-ho Lee
      Frontiers in Endocrinology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Serum metabolite profile associated with incident type 2 diabetes in Koreans: findings from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
      Soo Jin Yang, So-Young Kwak, Garam Jo, Tae-Jin Song, Min-Jeong Shin
      Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in South Korea: Findings from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database (2009–2013)
      Seung Eun Lee, Kyungdo Han, Yu Mi Kang, Seon-Ok Kim, Yun Kyung Cho, Kyung Soo Ko, Joong-Yeol Park, Ki-Up Lee, Eun Hee Koh, Ying-Mei Feng
      PLOS ONE.2018; 13(3): e0194490.     CrossRef
    • Effect of Change in Total Cholesterol Levels on Cardiovascular Disease Among Young Adults
      Su‐Min Jeong, Seulggie Choi, Kyuwoong Kim, Sung Min Kim, Gyeongsil Lee, Seong Yong Park, Yeon‐Yong Kim, Joung Sik Son, Jae‐Moon Yun, Sang Min Park
      Journal of the American Heart Association.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Age, sex, and the association of chronic kidney disease with all-cause mortality in Buddhist priests
      Hyo Jin Kim, Yunmi Kim, Sejoong Kim, Ho Jun Chin, Hajeong Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Dong Ki Kim, Kook-Hwan Oh, Kwon Wook Joo, Yon Su Kim, Deuk-Young Nah, Sung Joon Shin, Kyung Soo Kim, Jae Yoon Park, Kyung Don Yoo
      Medicine.2018; 97(45): e13099.     CrossRef
    • Association of change in total cholesterol level with mortality: A population-based study
      Su-Min Jeong, Seulggie Choi, Kyuwoong Kim, Sung-Min Kim, Gyeongsil Lee, Joung Sik Son, Jae-Moon Yun, Sang Min Park, Katriina Aalto-Setala
      PLOS ONE.2018; 13(4): e0196030.     CrossRef
    • High hemoglobin levels are associated with decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy in Korean type 2 diabetes
      Min-Kyung Lee, Kyung-Do Han, Jae-Hyuk Lee, Seo-Young Sohn, Jee-Sun Jeong, Mee-Kyoung Kim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
      Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Impact of systemic inflammation on the relationship between insulin resistance and all-cause and cancer-related mortality
      Da Young Lee, Eun-Jung Rhee, Yoosoo Chang, Chong Il Sohn, Ho-Cheol Shin, Seungho Ryu, Won-Young Lee
      Metabolism.2018; 81: 52.     CrossRef
    • The two isoforms of matrix metalloproteinase- 2 have distinct renal spatial and temporal distributions in murine models of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus
      Il Young Kim, Sang Soo Kim, Hye Won Lee, Sun Sik Bae, Hong Koo Ha, Eun Soon Jung, Min Young Lee, Miyeun Han, Harin Rhee, Eun Young Seong, Dong Won Lee, Soo Bong Lee, David H. Lovett, Sang Heon Song
      BMC Nephrology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • The optimal cut-off of blood pressure related to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and remodeling in Asian diabetic patients
      Ju Young Jung, Sung Keun Park, Jae-Hong Ryoo, Chang-Mo Oh, Jeong Gyu Kang, Kanghee Moon, Keum Ok Lee, Joong-Myung Choi
      Journal of Cardiology.2018; 71(1): 16.     CrossRef
    • Articles inEndocrinology and Metabolismin 2016
      Won-Young Lee
      Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(1): 62.     CrossRef
    • Factors Associated with Smoking Cessation Intention among Current Smokers with Diabetes: Analysis of the 2013 Community Health Survey in Korea
      Young-Hoon Lee, Jum Suk Ko
      Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017; 17(3): 184.     CrossRef
    • The differences in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes according to the type of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors prescribed in Korean patients
      Tong Min Kim, Hyunah Kim, Yoo Jin Jeong, Sun Jung Baik, So Jung Yang, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Hyunyong Lee, Hyeon Woo Yim, In Young Choi, Kun-Ho Yoon, Hun-Sung Kim
      Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety.2017; 26(10): 1156.     CrossRef
    • Analysis and comparison of the cost-effectiveness of statins according to the baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in Korea
      Y. J. Jeong, H. Kim, S. J. Baik, T. M. Kim, S. J. Yang, S.-H. Lee, J.-H. Cho, H. Lee, H. W. Yim, I. Y. Choi, K.-H. Yoon, H.-S. Kim
      Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics.2017; 42(3): 292.     CrossRef
    • Associations of Dietary Antioxidants and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Data from the 2007–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
      Dan Quansah, Kyungho Ha, Shinyoung Jun, Seong-Ah Kim, Sangah Shin, Gyung-Ah Wie, Hyojee Joung
      Molecules.2017; 22(10): 1664.     CrossRef
    • Accuracy of Capillary Blood Glucose Test When Fasting in Diabetes Patients or General Population: Performance Evaluation of G300 Based on ISO 15197:2013 Standards
      Young-min Jee, Min-hee Seo, Byung-wook Yoo, Sung-ho Hong, Choo-yon Cho, Yong-jin Cho, Jung-eun Oh, Kyung-suk Shin
      Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017; 17(4): 259.     CrossRef
    • Increased Vascular Disease Mortality Risk in Prediabetic Korean Adults Is Mainly Attributable to Ischemic Stroke
      Nam Hoon Kim, Tae Yeon Kwon, Sungwook Yu, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Yousung Park, Sin Gon Kim
      Stroke.2017; 48(4): 840.     CrossRef

    • PubReader PubReader
    • Cite
      CITE
      export Copy
      Close
    • XML DownloadXML Download
    Figure
    • 0
    • 1
    Related articles
    The Diabetes Epidemic in Korea
    Image Image
    Fig. 1 Trends in the prevalence of diabetes in Korea. (A) The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2001 to 2013. Diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose value ≥126 mg/dL or a previous diagnosis of diabetes. (B) The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was determined based on data from the National Health Insurance Service. Type 2 diabetes was defined as the presence of ICD-10 code (E11–E14) and the prescription of anti-diabetic medications.
    Fig. 2 The prevalence of diabetes according to age group in 2013. (A) The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes based on the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose value ≥126 mg/dL or a previous diagnosis of diabetes. (B) The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was based on data from the National Health Insurance Service. Type 2 diabetes was defined when an ICD-10 code (E11–E14) and the prescription of anti-diabetic medications were present.

    Fig. 1

    Fig. 2

    The Diabetes Epidemic in Korea
    RegionYearDiagnosis methodCriteriaSample size, nPrevalence, %Reference
    Yonchon, rural199375 g OGTTWHO 19852,5207.2[9]
    Jeong-eup, rural199775 g OGTTWHO 19851,1087.1[10]
    Mok-dong, urban199875 g OGTTADA 19977748.5[11]
    Ansan and Anseong, rural and urban2000–200275 g OGTTADA 199710,03812.6[12]
    Table 1 Prevalence of Diabetes in Korea Based on Cohort Data

    OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; WHO, World Health Organization; ADA, American Diabetes Association.

    Table 1

    Endocrinol Metab : Endocrinology and Metabolism
    © Korean Endocrine Society.
    TOP