Endocrinology and Metabolism

Review Article

Miscellanenous
Cushing Syndrome Associated Myopathy: It Is Time for a Change: Martin Reincke; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):564-571. Published online June 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1069

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Cushing syndrome is the result of excessive levels of glucocorticoids. Endogenous Cushing syndrome is rare with an incidence of two to three cases per million per year. Clinically, the presentation consists of a characteristic phenotype including skin symptoms and metabolic manifestations. A frequent co-morbidity with high impact on quality of life is Cushing syndrome associated myopathy. It characteristically affects the proximal myopathy, impairing stair climbing and straightening up. The pathophysiology is complex and involves protein degradation via the forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) pathway, intramuscular fat accumulation, and inactivity-associated muscle atrophy. Surgical remission of Cushing syndrome is the most important step for recovery of muscle function. Restoration depends on age, co-morbidities and postoperative insulin-like growth factor concentrations. At average, functionality remains impaired during the long-term compared to age and sex matched control persons. Growth hormone therapy in individuals with impaired growth hormone secretion could be an option but has not been proved in a randomized trial.

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Advanced Intelligent Systems.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Cushing Syndrome
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Original Article

Obesity and Metabolism
Increased Risk of Diabetes Development in Subjects with the Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study: Ki Joong Han, Shin Yeoung Lee, Nam Hee Kim, Hyun Beom Chae, Tae Hoon Lee, Choel Min Jang, Kyung Mo Yoo, Hae Jung Park, Min Kyung Lee, Won Seon Jeon, Se Eun Park, Cheol-Young Park, Won-Young Lee, Ki-Won Oh, Sung-Woo Park, Eun-Jung Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):514-521. Published online December 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.514

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is a simple and inexpensive screening parameter to identify people at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated whether the HTGW phenotype predicts diabetes in urban Korean adults.

Methods

A total of 2,900 nondiabetic subjects (mean age 44.3 years), comprising 2,078 males (71.7%) and 822 females (28.3%) who underwent annual medical check-ups at our center between January 2005 and December 2009, were recruited. The subjects were divided into four groups according to baseline serum triglyceride (TG) level and waist circumference (WC): normal WC-normal TG (NWNT) level, normal WC-high TG level, enlarged WC-normal TG level, and enlarged WC-high TG (EWHT) level. High serum TG level was defined as ≥150 mg/dL and enlarged WC was defined as ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women. New cases of diabetes were determined according to questionnaires filled in by participants and the diagnostic criteria of the American Diabetes Association. Cox proportional hazards model analysis was used to assess the association of HTGW phenotype with the incidence of diabetes.

Results

A total of 101 (3.5%) new diabetes cases were diagnosed during the study period. The EWHT group had a higher incidence of diabetes (8.3%) compared with the NWNT group (2.2%). The adjusted hazard ratio for diabetes for subjects with the EWHT phenotype at baseline was 4.113 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.397 to 7.059) after adjustment for age, and 2.429 (95% CI, 1.370 to 4.307) after adjustment for age, sex, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and alcohol drinking history. It was attenuated by inclusion of baseline fasting glucose level in the model.

Conclusion

Subjects with the HTGW phenotype showed the highest risk of incident diabetes. This tool could be useful for identifying individuals at high risk of diabetes.

Citations

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Triglyceridemic Waist Phenotypes as Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Fiorella E. Zuzunaga-Montoya, Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce
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Association between hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype and circadian syndrome risk: a longitudinal cohort study
Li-Kun Hu, Yu-Hong Liu, Kun Yang, Ning Chen, Lin-Lin Ma, Yu-Xiang Yan
Hormones.2023; 22(3): 457. CrossRef
Caracterización del fenotipo de cintura hipertrigliceridémica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en España: un estudio epidemiológico
I. Miñambres, J. Sánchez-Hernández, G. Cuixart, A. Sánchez-Pinto, J. Sarroca, A. Pérez
Revista Clínica Española.2021; 221(10): 576. CrossRef
Association of “hypertriglyceridemic waist” with increased 5-year risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in a multi-ethnic population: a prospective cohort study
Peyman Namdarimoghaddam, Adeleke Fowokan, Karin H. Humphries, G. B. John Mancini, Scott Lear
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Characterization of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain: an epidemiological study
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Revista Clínica Española (English Edition).2021; 221(10): 576. CrossRef
Association between Hypertriglyceridemic-Waist Phenotype and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Population: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Dezhong Chen, Ziyun Liang, Huimin Sun, Ciyong Lu, Weiqing Chen, Harry H. X. Wang, Vivian Yawei Guo
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Minrui Xu, Mingtao Huang, Deren Qiang, Jianxin Gu, Yong Li, Yingzi Pan, Xingjuan Yao, Wenchao Xu, Yuan Tao, Yihong Zhou, Hongxia Ma, Ulrike Rothe
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Review Article

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Korean Women: Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Criteria.: Yeon Ah Sung; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):203-207. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.203

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Abstract PDF

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder of premenopausal women, affecting 4 to 8% of this population. Diagnosis of PCOS lays on a combination of clinical, biological and ultrasound criteria that has been used variably worldwide. The phenotype of women with PCOS is variable depending on ethnic background and diagnostic criteria may rely on it. Fewer studies have extensively examined reproductive and metabolic characteristics and hyperandrogenism in Korean women. Despite the paucity of these studies, they are critical for the ascertainment of criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS. This review address the issues pertaining to diagnostic issues of PCOS in Korean women, specifically: reproductive and metabolic derangements and criteria for hyperandrogenism based on hirsutism and serum androgen concentrations. The prevalence (estimated) of PCOS in Korean women was 5.8%. To diagnose PCOS, the cut off value for hirsutism needs to be differently adjusted in Korean women. Regarding phenotypic characteristics of PCOS in Korean women, the various phenotypes of PCOS have the different overall morbidity (e.g. insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism, abnormal glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome). Especially patients with oligomenorrhea/polycystic ovary and hyperandrogenism/polycystic ovary did not seem to have metabolic derangements. Thus these subgroups need to be determined if they can be classified as PCOS.

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Development of an integrated mobile application for lifestyle modification in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
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Original Article

Phenotypic Variation of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.: Gun Woo Pyun, Young Ju Choi, Hyejin Lee, Jee Young Oh, Young Sun Hong, Yeon Ah Sung, Hye Won Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(5):326-331. Published online October 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.5.326

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in premenopausal women, but there has been little agreement on its diagnostic criteria due to its uncertain pathogenesis and the heterogeneity of symptoms. This study was performed in order to assess the differences in clinical, metabolic, and hormonal characteristics of women in the PCOS subgroups defined by ESHRE criteria. METHODS: Subjects were divided into four PCOS subgroups based on ESHRE criteria. The grouping groupings included: 1) hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, and polycystic ovary morphology (HA + OM + PCO); 2) hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea (HA + OM); 3) hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology (HA + PCO); and 4) oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovary morphology (OM + PCO). Reproductive hormones and metabolic profiles were measured. RESULTS: Of the total number of subjects, 60 (40%) fulfilled the criteria for HA + OM + PCO, 50 (33%) for HA + OM, 11 (7%) for HA + PCO, and 30 (20%) for OM + PCO. There were no significant differences in clinical or metabolic features among the groups, except for LH, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSION: In this population defined by ESHRE criteria, 73% of the patients met the former NIH definition for PCOS. Different phenotypes of PCOS cases were clinically or biochemically similar. Whether these women have an increased risk of infertility or metabolic complications remains to be determine.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Epidemiology and Diagnostic Criteria of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Hyejin Lee, Yeon-Ah Sung
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2015; 16(3): 189. CrossRef
Hyperandrogenism in Women: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Yeon-Ah Sung
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2012; 32(4): 197. CrossRef
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Korean Women: Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Criteria
Yeon-Ah Sung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(3): 203. CrossRef
Clinical Manifestation of Polycysticv Ovary Syndrome
Yu-Bae Ahn
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2007; 22(5): 323. CrossRef

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