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Review Articles
Thyroid
Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Thyroid Cancers: A Review of Current Practice Guidelines
Min Joo Kim, Jae Hoon Moon, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Song, Kyong Yeun Jung, Ji Ye Lee, Ji-hoon Kim, Kyungsik Kim, Sue K. Park, Young Joo Park
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):47-60.   Published online February 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1937
  • 2,537 View
  • 189 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The indolent nature and favorable outcomes associated with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma have prompted numerous prospective studies on active surveillance (AS) and its adoption as an alternative to immediate surgery in managing low-risk thyroid cancer. This article reviews the current status of AS, as outlined in various international practice guidelines. AS is typically recommended for tumors that measure 1 cm or less in diameter and do not exhibit aggressive subtypes on cytology, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis. To determine the most appropriate candidates for AS, factors such as tumor size, location, multiplicity, and ultrasound findings are considered, along with patient characteristics like medical condition, age, and family history. Moreover, shared decision-making, which includes patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life and cost-effectiveness, is essential. During AS, patients undergo regular ultrasound examinations to monitor for signs of disease progression, including tumor growth, extrathyroidal extension, or lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, while AS is a feasible and reliable approach for managing lowrisk thyroid cancer, it requires careful patient selection, effective communication for shared decision-making, standardized follow-up protocols, and a clear definition of disease progression.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • 2023 Update of the Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Nodules
    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park
    Clinical Thyroidology®.2024; 36(4): 153.     CrossRef
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Thyroid
A Narrative Review of the 2023 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guideline for Patients with Thyroid Nodules
Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong Gyu Na
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):61-72.   Published online February 14, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1938
  • 2,068 View
  • 118 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The 2023 Korean Thyroid Association (KTA) Management Guideline for Patients with Thyroid Nodules constitute an update of the 2016 KTA guideline for thyroid nodules and cancers that focuses specifically on nodules. The 2023 guideline aim to offer updated guidance based on new evidence that reflects the changes in clinical practice since the 2016 KTA guideline. To update the 2023 guideline, a comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 2022 to May 2022. The literature search included studies, reviews, and other evidence involving human subjects that were published in English in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and other relevant databases. Additional significant clinical trials and research studies published up to April 2023 were also reviewed. The limitations of the current evidence are discussed, and suggestions for areas in need of further research are identified. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the 2023 KTA guideline for the management of thyroid nodules released in May 2023 and to give a balanced insight with comparison of recent guidelines from other societies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • 2023 Update of the Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Nodules
    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park
    Clinical Thyroidology®.2024; 36(4): 153.     CrossRef
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Special Article
Adrenal gland
2023 Korean Endocrine Society Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Aldosteronism
Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Endocrine Society, The Korean Adrenal Study Group of Korean Endocrine Society
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):597-618.   Published online October 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1789
  • 3,630 View
  • 506 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common, yet underdiagnosed cause of secondary hypertension. It is characterized by an overproduction of aldosterone, leading to hypertension and/or hypokalemia. Despite affecting between 5.9% and 34% of patients with hypertension, PA is frequently missed due to a lack of clinical awareness and systematic screening, which can result in significant cardiovascular complications. To address this, medical societies have developed clinical practice guidelines to improve the management of hypertension and PA. The Korean Endocrine Society, drawing on a wealth of research, has formulated new guidelines for PA. A task force has been established to prepare PA guidelines, which encompass epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. The Korean clinical guidelines for PA aim to deliver an evidence-based protocol for PA diagnosis, treatment, and patient monitoring. These guidelines are anticipated to ease the burden of this potentially curable condition.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Correlation of Histopathologic Subtypes of Primary Aldosteronism with Clinical Phenotypes and Postsurgical Outcomes
    Chang Ho Ahn, You-Bin Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hee Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Thyroid
Comparison of Korean vs. American Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in Malignancy Risk Assessment of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules
Sunyoung Kang, Seul Ki Kwon, Hoon Sung Choi, Min Joo Kim, Young Joo Park, Do Joon Park, Sun Wook Cho
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):1111-1120.   Published online October 21, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1208
  • 4,056 View
  • 127 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
The management of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules is challenging for clinicians. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (K-TIRADS) with that of the American College of Radiology (ACR)-TIRADS for predicting the malignancy risk of indeterminate thyroid nodules.
Methods
Thyroid nodules diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) followed by surgery or core needle biopsy at a single referral hospital were enrolled.
Results
Among 200 thyroid nodules, 78 (39.0%) nodules were classified as indeterminate by FNA (Bethesda category III, IV, and V), and 114 (57.0%) nodules were finally diagnosed as malignancy by surgery or core needle biopsy. The area under the curve (AUC) was higher for FNA than for either TIRADS system in all nodules, while all three methods showed similar AUCs for indeterminate nodules. However, for Bethesda category III nodules, applying K-TIRADS 5 significantly increased the risk of malignancy compared to a cytological examination alone (50.0% vs. 26.5%, P=0.028), whereas applying ACR-TIRADS did not lead to a change.
Conclusion
K-TIRADS and ACR-TIRADS showed similar diagnostic performance in assessing indeterminate thyroid nodules, and K-TIRADS had beneficial effects for malignancy prediction in Bethesda category III nodules.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Is the nodule location a predictive risk factor for cancer in AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules? A retrospective cohort study
    Saad M. Alqahtani, Bassam A. Altalhi, Yousef S. Alalawi, Saif S. Al-Sobhi
    Asian Journal of Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic Performance of Various Ultrasound Risk Stratification Systems for Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules: A Meta-Analysis
    Ji-Sun Kim, Byung Guk Kim, Gulnaz Stybayeva, Se Hwan Hwang
    Cancers.2023; 15(2): 424.     CrossRef
  • The impact of thyroid imaging reporting and data system on the management of Bethesda III thyroid nodules
    Saad M. Alqahtani, Saif S. Al-Sobhi, Mohammed A. Alturiqy, Riyadh I. Alsalloum, Hindi N. Al-Hindi
    Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.2023; 18(3): 506.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic Performance of Six Ultrasound Risk Stratification Systems for Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
    Do Hyun Kim, Sung Won Kim, Mohammed Abdullah Basurrah, Jueun Lee, Se Hwan Hwang
    American Journal of Roentgenology.2023; 220(6): 791.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic efficiency among Eu-/C-/ACR-TIRADS and S-Detect for thyroid nodules: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
    Longtao Yang, Cong Li, Zhe Chen, Shaqi He, Zhiyuan Wang, Jun Liu
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of diagnostic performance of two ultrasound risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Yun Jin Kang, Hee Sun Ahn, Gulnaz Stybayeva, Ju Eun Lee, Se Hwan Hwang
    La radiologia medica.2023; 128(11): 1407.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic Performance of ACR and Kwak TI-RADS for Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules: An Update Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Yun Jin Kang, Gulnaz Stybayeya, Ju Eun Lee, Se Hwan Hwang
    Cancers.2022; 14(23): 5961.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems in Malignancy Risk Stratification of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules
    Bo Hyun Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(5): 974.     CrossRef
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Review Articles
Thyroid
Current Guidelines for Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):514-524.   Published online June 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1082
  • 18,255 View
  • 1,742 Download
  • 31 Web of Science
  • 33 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor originating from the parafollicular cells. The diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the condition are different from those used for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Since the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of MTC, the latest, including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Association for Medical Oncology guidelines have been updated to reflect several recent advances in the management of MTC. Advances in molecular diagnosis and postoperative risk stratification systems have led to individualized treatment and follow-up strategies. Multi-kinase inhibitors, such as vandetanib and cabozantinib, can prolong disease progression-free survival with favorable adverse effects. In addition, potent selective rearranged during transfection (RET) inhibitors (selpercatinib and pralsetinib) have shown a promising efficacy in recent clinical trials. This review summarizes the management of MTC in recent guidelines focused on sporadic MTC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Molecular imaging and related therapeutic options for medullary thyroid carcinoma: state of the art and future opportunities
    Alessio Imperiale, Valentina Berti, Mickaël Burgy, Roberto Luigi Cazzato, Arnoldo Piccardo, Giorgio Treglia
    Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2024; 25(1): 187.     CrossRef
  • Diffuse C-Cells Hyperplasia Is the Source of False Positive Calcitonin Measurement in FNA Washout Fluids of Thyroid Nodules: A Rational Clinical Approach to Avoiding Unnecessary Surgery
    Chiara Mura, Rossella Rodia, Silvia Corrias, Antonello Cappai, Maria Letizia Lai, Gian Luigi Canu, Fabio Medas, Pietro Giorgio Calò, Stefano Mariotti, Francesco Boi
    Cancers.2024; 16(1): 210.     CrossRef
  • Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Vandetanib in the Treatment of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
    Tong-cheng Xian, Min-ye Yang, Xue-lin Zhang, Jie Wang, Yi Luo
    Hormone and Metabolic Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Successful localisation of recurrent thyroid cancer using preoperative patent blue dye injection
    B. O. Evranos, N. Ince, H. Ataş, S. B. Polat, H. Ahsen, N. N. Imga, A. Dirikoc, O. Topaloglu, T. Tutuncu, R. Ersoy, B. Cakir
    Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Current and future of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer based on bibliometrics and clinical trials
    Ke Wang, Ying Zhang, Yang Xing, Hong Wang, Minghua He, Rui Guo
    Discover Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Combining radiomics with thyroid imaging reporting and data system to predict lateral cervical lymph node metastases in medullary thyroid cancer
    Zhiqiang Liu, Xiwei Zhang, Xiaohui Zhao, Qianqian Guo, Zhengjiang Li, Minghui Wei, Lijuan Niu, Changming An
    BMC Medical Imaging.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Potentials and future perspectives of multi-target drugs in cancer treatment: the next generation anti-cancer agents
    Ali Doostmohammadi, Hossein Jooya, Kimia Ghorbanian, Sargol Gohari, Mehdi Dadashpour
    Cell Communication and Signaling.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic capabilities of PET/CT with 18F-DOPA in biochemical recurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective study
    N. V. Tsentr, A. A. Zyryanova, M. A. Rusnak, D. V. Ryzhkova
    Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy.2024; 15(1): 87.     CrossRef
  • LINC00887 Acts as an Enhancer RNA to Promote Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Progression by Binding with FOXQ1
    Daxiang Liu, Wenjing Wang, Yanzhao Wu, Yongle Qiu, Lan Zhang
    Current Cancer Drug Targets.2024; 24(5): 519.     CrossRef
  • Update on Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Focus on Nuclear Medicine
    Giorgio Treglia, Vittoria Rufini, Arnoldo Piccardo, Alessio Imperiale
    Seminars in Nuclear Medicine.2023; 53(4): 481.     CrossRef
  • Cabozantinib, Vandetanib, Pralsetinib and Selpercatinib as Treatment for Progressed Medullary Thyroid Cancer with a Main Focus on Hypertension as Adverse Effect
    Linnea Højer Wang, Markus Wehland, Petra M. Wise, Manfred Infanger, Daniela Grimm, Michael C. Kreissl
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(3): 2312.     CrossRef
  • A proposed grading scheme for predicting recurrence in medullary thyroid cancer based on the Ki67 index and metastatic lymph node ratio
    Pengfei Xu, Di Wu, Xuekui Liu
    Endocrine.2023; 81(1): 107.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and Safety of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE in Adults with Inoperable or Metastatic Somatostatin Receptor-Positive Pheochromocytomas/Paragangliomas, Bronchial and Unknown Origin Neuroendocrine Tumors, and Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Literatur
    Marianna Hertelendi, Oulaya Belguenani, Azzeddine Cherfi, Ilya Folitar, Gabor Kollar, Berna Degirmenci Polack
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(4): 1024.     CrossRef
  • PET/CT with various radiopharmaceuticals in the complex diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a review
    N. V. Tsentr, A. E. Ertman, D. V. Ryzhkova
    Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy.2023; 14(2): 31.     CrossRef
  • Physical activity and reduced risk of fracture in thyroid cancer patients after thyroidectomy — a nationwide cohort study
    Jinyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Jeonghoon Ha, Chaiho Jeong, Jun-Young Heu, Se-Won Lee, Jeongmin Lee, Yejee Lim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Hyun Baek
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Different RONS Generation in MTC-SK and NSCL Cells Lead to Varying Antitumoral Effects of Alpha-Ketoglutarate + 5-HMF
    Joachim Greilberger, Katharina Erlbacher, Philipp Stiegler, Reinhold Wintersteiger, Ralf Herwig
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2023; 45(8): 6503.     CrossRef
  • Medullary thyroid carcinoma
    Maria Rosa Pelizzo, Esmeralda Isabella Mazza, Caterina Mian, Isabella Merante Boschin
    Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2023; 23(9): 943.     CrossRef
  • Mixed medullary‑follicular thyroid carcinoma: A case report and literature review
    Yonghui Wang, Dandan Yin, Guifang Ren, Zhengjiang Wang, Fanhua Kong
    Oncology Letters.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma is characterized by specific fragmentation and methylation changes with diagnostic value
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    Biomarker Research.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advances in Diagnostics and Therapy of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC)– A Mini-Review
    Michał Miciak, Krzysztof Jurkiewicz
    Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal.2023; 12(5): 1.     CrossRef
  • The Evolving Treatment Landscape of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
    Marta Laganà, Valentina Cremaschi, Andrea Alberti, Danica M. Vodopivec Kuri, Deborah Cosentini, Alfredo Berruti
    Current Treatment Options in Oncology.2023; 24(12): 1815.     CrossRef
  • Pralsetinib: chemical and therapeutic development with FDA authorization for the management of RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancers
    Faraat Ali, Kumari Neha, Garima Chauhan
    Archives of Pharmacal Research.2022; 45(5): 309.     CrossRef
  • Psychosocial Characteristics and Experiences in Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 (MEN2) and Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC)
    Robin Lockridge, Sima Bedoya, Taryn Allen, Brigitte Widemann, Srivandana Akshintala, John Glod, Lori Wiener
    Children.2022; 9(6): 774.     CrossRef
  • Aggressive clinical course of medullary thyroid microcarcinoma
    Tamara Janić, Mirjana Stojković, Sanja Klet, Bojan Marković, Beleslin Nedeljković, Jasmina Ćirić, Miloš Žarković
    Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma.2022; 27(85): 63.     CrossRef
  • Comparative evaluation of somatostatin and CXCR4 receptor expression in different types of thyroid carcinoma using well-characterised monoclonal antibodies
    Max Czajkowski, Daniel Kaemmerer, Jörg Sänger, Guido Sauter, Ralph M. Wirtz, Stefan Schulz, Amelie Lupp
    BMC Cancer.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Metastatic Risk Stratification of 2526 Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients: A Study Based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database
    Minh-Khang Le, Masataka Kawai, Toru Odate, Huy Gia Vuong, Naoki Oishi, Tetsuo Kondo
    Endocrine Pathology.2022; 33(3): 348.     CrossRef
  • Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Medullary Thyroid Cancer: What Has Changed in Recent Years?
    Krzysztof Kaliszewski, Maksymilian Ludwig, Bartłomiej Ludwig, Agnieszka Mikuła, Maria Greniuk, Jerzy Rudnicki
    Cancers.2022; 14(15): 3643.     CrossRef
  • Immunotherapy of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Any Role for the Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells?
    Giuseppe Fanciulli, Roberta Modica, Anna La Salvia, Federica Campolo, Tullio Florio, Nevena Mikovic, Alice Plebani, Valentina Di Vito, Annamaria Colao, Antongiulio Faggiano
    Cancers.2022; 14(16): 3991.     CrossRef
  • Preclinical Evaluation of Novel Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors in Medullary Thyroid Cancer
    Davide Saronni, Germano Gaudenzi, Alessandra Dicitore, Silvia Carra, Maria Celeste Cantone, Maria Orietta Borghi, Andrea Barbieri, Luca Mignani, Leo J. Hofland, Luca Persani, Giovanni Vitale
    Cancers.2022; 14(18): 4442.     CrossRef
  • Rapid and long-lasting response to selpercatinib of paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome in medullary thyroid carcinoma
    Marine Sitbon, Porhuoy Chou, Seydou Bengaly, Brigitte Poirot, Marie Laloi-Michelin, Laure Deville, Atanas Pachev, Ahouefa Kowo-Bille, Clement Dumont, Cécile N Chougnet
    European Thyroid Journal.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Ginsenoside Rg3 Alleviates Antithyroid Cancer Drug Vandetanib-Induced QT Interval Prolongation
    Juan Zhang, Dan Luo, Fang Li, Zhiyi Li, Xiaoli Gao, Jie Qiao, Lin Wu, Miaoling Li, Shao Liang
    Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
  • THE ROLE OF CALCITONIN IN THE PREOPERATIVE STAGE AS THE PREDICTOR OF MEDULLARY THYROID CANCER METASTASES
    Volodymyr Palamarchuk , Viktor Smolyar , Oleksandr Tovkay, Oleksandr Nechay, Volodymyr Kuts , Revaz Sichinava , Oleh Mazur
    Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal.2021; 127(4): 68.     CrossRef
  • THE ROLE OF CALCITONIN IN THE PREOPERATIVE STAGE AS THE PREDICTOR OF MEDULLARY THYROID CANCER METASTASES
    Volodymyr Palamarchuk , Viktor Smolyar , Oleksandr Tovkay , Oleksandr Nechay , Volodymyr Kuts , Revaz Sichinava , Oleh Mazur
    The Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal.2021; 4(127): 68.     CrossRef
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Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland
Current National and International Guidelines for the Management of Male Hypogonadism: Helping Clinicians to Navigate Variation in Diagnostic Criteria and Treatment Recommendations
Ahmed Al-Sharefi, Richard Quinton
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):526-540.   Published online September 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.760
  • 9,603 View
  • 505 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Male hypogonadism—rebadged by some as testosterone deficiency syndrome—is a clinical and biochemical diagnosis of increasing worldwide interest. Organic male hypogonadism—usually permanent—is well-established, but aging men may also exhibit lower serum testosterone levels; principally due to burden of extra-gonadal comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, but with an underlying intact hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis capable of springing back into operation once comorbidities are addressed. Despite encouraging observational data and plausible theoretical underpinning, evidence for efficacy and safety of testosterone in this “aging” group of men is lacking; addressing comorbid illnesses remains the key priority instead. Nevertheless, in recent years, accumulation of misleading information online has triggered a global tsunami of testosterone prescriptions. Despite this, many men with organic hypogonadism remain undiagnosed or untreated; many more face a diagnostic odyssey before achieving care by the appropriate specialist. As testosterone therapy is not without risk several clinical practice guidelines have been published specialist societies to guide physicians on best practice. However, these are heterogeneous in key areas, reflecting divergent approaches to the same evidence basis. Herein, we navigate the major clinical practice guidelines on male hypogonadism and test their respective recommendations against current best evidence.

Citations

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  • Expert Opinion on the Diagnosis and Management of Male Hypogonadism in India
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    Bahaa O Sahib, Ibrahim H Hussein, Nassar T Alibrahim, Abbas A Mansour
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    Guy Vishnevsky, Ronit Sinnreich, Hisham Nassar, Dafna Merom, Maya Ish-Shalom, Jeremy D. Kark, Hagai Levine
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    N. I. Volkova, A. V. Safronenko, E. V. Gantsgorn, Yu. S. Degtyareva
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    Lavinia Caba, Laura Florea, Elena Emanuela Braha, Valeriu Vasile Lupu, Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
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    Bruno Lunenfeld, George Mskhalaya, Michael Zitzmann, Giovanni Corona, Stefan Arver, Svetlana Kalinchenko, Yuliya Tishova, Abraham Morgentaler
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Close layer
Original Article
Clinical Study
Achievement of LDL-C Targets Defined by ESC/EAS (2011) Guidelines in Risk-Stratified Korean Patients with Dyslipidemia Receiving Lipid-Modifying Treatments
Ye Seul Yang, Seo Young Lee, Jung-Sun Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Kang Wook Lee, Sang-Chol Lee, Jung Rae Cho, Seung-Jin Oh, Ji-Hyun Kim, Sung Hee Choi
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):367-376.   Published online June 24, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.367
  • 8,036 View
  • 144 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
This study assessed the proportion of risk-stratified Korean patients with dyslipidemia achieving their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets as defined by the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) (2011) guidelines while receiving lipid-modifying treatments (LMTs).
Methods
In this multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study, we evaluated data from Korean patients aged ≥19 years who were receiving LMTs for ≥3 months and had an LDL-C value within the previous 12 months on the same LMT. Data were collected for demographics, cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, medical history, and healthcare consumption. Patients were risk-stratified according to the ESC Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) chart and LDL-C target achievement rate was assessed.
Results
Guideline-based risk-stratification of the 1,034 patients showed the majority (72.2%) to be in the very high-risk category. Investigators’ assessment of risk was underestimated in 71.6% compared to ESC/EAS guidelines. Overall LDL-C target achievement rate was 44.3%; target achievement was the highest (66.0%) in moderate-risk patients and the lowest (39.0%) in very high-risk patients. Overall 97.1% patients were receiving statin therapy, mostly as a single-agent (89.2%). High-intensity statins and the highest permissible dose of high-intensity statins had been prescribed to only 9.1% and 7.3% patients in the very high-risk group, respectively. Physician satisfaction with patients’ LDL-C levels was the primary reason for non-intensification of statin therapy.
Conclusion
Achievement of target LDL-C level is suboptimal in Korean patients with dyslipidemia, especially in those at very high-risk of CV events. Current practices in LMTs need to be improved based on precise CV risk evaluation posed by dyslipidemia.

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Review Article
Recent Advances in Core Needle Biopsy for Thyroid Nodules
Chan Kwon Jung, Jung Hwan Baek
Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(4):407-412.   Published online December 14, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.407
  • 5,670 View
  • 83 Download
  • 28 Web of Science
  • 26 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

Core needle biopsy (CNB) was introduced as an alternative diagnostic tool to fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and is increasingly being used in the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules. CNB provides a definitive diagnosis in most cases, but it sometimes may be inconclusive. CNB has the advantage of enabling a histologic examination in relation to the surrounding thyroid tissue, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing that can provide a more accurate assessment than FNA in selected cases. Nevertheless, CNB should be performed only by experienced experts in thyroid interventions to prevent complications because CNB needles are larger in caliber than FNA needles. As recent evidence has accumulated, and with improvements in the technique and devices for thyroid CNB, the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology released its 2016 thyroid CNB guidelines and the Korean Endocrine Pathology Thyroid Core Needle Biopsy Study Group published a consensus statement on the pathology reporting system for thyroid CNB in 2015. This review presents the current consensus and recommendations regarding thyroid CNB, focusing on indications, complications, and pathologic classification and reporting.

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Close layer
Special Article
Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentaloma
Jung-Min Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Koh, Bo-Yeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Juri Park, Jung Soo Lim, Seong Yeon Kim, Young Kee Shong, Soon Jib Yoo
Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(2):200-218.   Published online June 23, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.2.200
  • 16,305 View
  • 695 Download
  • 81 Web of Science
  • 78 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

An adrenal incidentaloma is an adrenal mass found in an imaging study performed for other reasons unrelated to adrenal disease and often accompanied by obesity, diabetes, or hypertension. The prevalence and incidence of adrenal incidentaloma increase with age and are also expected to rise due to the rapid development of imaging technology and frequent imaging studies. The Korean Endocrine Society is promoting an appropriate practice guideline to meet the rising incidence of adrenal incidentaloma, in cooperation with the Korean Adrenal Gland and Endocrine Hypertension Study Group. In this paper, we discuss important core issues in managing the patients with adrenal incidentaloma. After evaluating core proposition, we propose the most critical 20 recommendations from the initially organized 47 recommendations by Delphi technique.

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Close layer
Review Article
Thyroid
The Revised 2016 Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines for Thyroid Nodules and Cancers: Differences from the 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines
Ka Hee Yi
Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(3):373-378.   Published online September 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.373
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

Increased detection of thyroid nodules using high-resolution ultrasonography has resulted in a world-wide increase in the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Despite the steep increase in its incidence, the age-standardized mortality rate of thyroid cancer has remained stable, which leads toward a trend of more conservative treatment. The latest American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines for thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer revised in 2015 suggested that fine needle aspiration biopsy should be performed for thyroid nodules larger than 1 cm and lobectomy might be sufficient for 1 to 4 cm intrathyroidal DTC. In addition, active surveillance instead of immediate surgical treatment was also recommended as a treatment option for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma based on the results of a few observational studies from Japan. The Korean Thyroid Association (KTA) has organized a task force team to develop revised guidelines for thyroid nodules and DTC after an extensive review of articles and intense discussion on whether we should accept the changes in the 2015 ATA guidelines. This paper introduces and discusses the updated major issues and differences in the ATA and the KTA guidelines.

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Close layer
Original Article
Clinical Study
Eligibility for Statin Treatment in Korean Subjects with Reduced Renal Function: An Observational Study
Byung Sub Moon, Jongho Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Young Youl Hyun, Se Eun Park, Hyung-Geun Oh, Cheol-Young Park, Won-Young Lee, Ki-Won Oh, Kyu-Beck Lee, Hyang Kim, Sung-Woo Park, Eun-Jung Rhee
Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(3):402-409.   Published online August 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.402
  • 3,972 View
  • 33 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between statin eligibility and the degree of renal dysfunction using the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III and the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines in Korean adults.

Methods

Renal function was assessed in 18,746 participants of the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study from January 2011 to December 2012. Subjects were divided into three groups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): stage 1, eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2; stage 2, eGFR 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m2; and stages 3 to 5, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Statin eligibility in these groups was determined using the ATP III and ACC/AHA guidelines, and the risk for 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE).

Results

There were 3,546 (18.9%) and 4,048 (21.5%) statin-eligible subjects according to ATP III and ACC/AHA guidelines, respectively. The proportion of statin-eligible subjects increased as renal function deteriorated. Statin eligibility by the ACC/AHA guidelines showed better agreement with the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) recommendations compared to the ATP III guidelines in subjects with stage 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) (κ value, 0.689 vs. 0.531). When the 10-year ASCVD risk was assessed using the FRS and PCE, the mean risk calculated by both equations significantly increased as renal function declined.

Conclusions

The proportion of statin-eligible subjects significantly increased according to worsening renal function in this Korean cohort. ACC/AHA guideline showed better agreement for statin eligibility with that recommended by KDIGO guideline compared to ATP III in subjects with CKD.

Citations

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Close layer
Review Article
Obesity and Metabolism
2014 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Overweight and Obesity in Korea
Mee Kyoung Kim, Won-Young Lee, Jae-Heon Kang, Jee-Hyun Kang, Bom Taeck Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Eun Mi Kim, Sang-Hoon Suh, Hye Jung Shin, Kyu Rae Lee, Ki Young Lee, Sang Yeoup Lee, Seon Yeong Lee, Seong-Kyu Lee, Chang Beom Lee, Sochung Chung, In Kyung Jeong, Kyung Yul Hur, Sung Soo Kim, Jeong-taek Woo
Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):405-409.   Published online December 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.405
  • 8,989 View
  • 81 Download
  • 228 Web of Science
  • 247 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

The dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and its accompanying comorbidities are major health concerns in Korea. Obesity is defined as a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 in Korea. Current estimates are that 32.8% of adults are obese: 36.1% of men and 29.7% of women. The prevalence of being overweight and obese in national surveys is increasing steadily. Early detection and the proper management of obesity are urgently needed. Weight loss of 5% to 10% is the standard goal. In obese patients, control of cardiovascular risk factors deserves the same emphasis as weight-loss therapy. Since obesity is multifactorial, proper care of obesity requires a coordinated multidisciplinary treatment team, as a single intervention is unlikely to modify the incidence or natural history of obesity.

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