Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver diseases and can progress to advanced fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. Thus, intensive research has been performed to develop noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Currently, no single noninvasive tool covers all of the stages of pathologies and conditions of NAFLD, and the cost and feasibility of known techniques are also important issues. Blood biomarkers for NAFLD may be useful to select subjects who need ultrasonography (US) screening for NAFLD, and noninvasive tools for assessing fibrosis may be helpful to exclude the probability of significant fibrosis and to predict advanced fibrosis, thus guiding the decision of whether to perform liver biopsy in patients with NAFLD. Among various methods, magnetic resonance-based methods have been shown to perform better than other methods in assessing steatosis as well as in detecting hepatic fibrosis. Many genetic markers are associated with the development and progression of NAFLD. Further well-designed studies are needed to determine which biomarker panels, imaging studies, genetic marker panels, or combinations thereof perform well for diagnosing NAFLD, differentiating NASH and fibrosis, and following-up NAFLD, respectively.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Recent Progresses on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutic Modalities,
and Management of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disorder Mahdi Barazesh, Sajad Jalili, Morteza Akhzari, Fouzieyeh Faraji, Ebrahim Khorramdin Current Drug Therapy.2024; 19(1): 20. CrossRef
Intact ketogenesis predicted reduced risk of moderate-severe metabolic-associated fatty liver disease assessed by liver transient elastography in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes Sejeong Lee, Jaehyun Bae, Seung Up Kim, Minyoung Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: A 7-year retrospective cohort study of 3,380 adults using serial echocardiography Gyuri Kim, Tae Yang Yu, Jae Hwan Jee, Ji Cheol Bae, Mira Kang, Jae Hyeon Kim Diabetes & Metabolism.2024; 50(3): 101534. CrossRef
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Hong-Yup Ahn, Cheol-Young Park Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(2): 220. CrossRef
Non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Monica A Tincopa, Rohit Loomba The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2023; 8(7): 660. CrossRef
Hepatic Involvement across the Metabolic Syndrome Spectrum: Non-Invasive Assessment and Risk Prediction Using Machine Learning Adelaida Solomon, Călin Remus Cipăian, Mihai Octavian Negrea, Adrian Boicean, Romeo Mihaila, Corina Beca, Mirela Livia Popa, Sebastian Mihai Grama, Minodora Teodoru, Bogdan Neamtu Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(17): 5657. CrossRef
Greater Severity of Steatosis Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Incident Diabetes: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study Ji Min Han, Jung Hwan Cho, Hye In Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Yu-Ji Lee, Jung Won Lee, Kwang Min Kim, Ji Cheol Bae Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 418. CrossRef
Advances in Noninvasive Biomarkers for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Georgiana-Emmanuela Gîlcă-Blanariu, Daniela Simona Budur, Dana Elena Mitrică, Elena Gologan, Oana Timofte, Gheorghe Gh Bălan, Vasile Andrei Olteanu, Gabriela Ștefănescu Metabolites.2023; 13(11): 1115. CrossRef
Plasma Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B10 as a Biomarker Performs Well in the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis Aron Park, Seung Joon Choi, Sungjin Park, Seong Min Kim, Hye Eun Lee, Minjae Joo, Kyoung Kon Kim, Doojin Kim, Dong Hae Chung, Jae Been Im, Jaehun Jung, Seung Kak Shin, Byung-Chul Oh, Cheolsoo Choi, Seungyoon Nam, Dae Ho Lee International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(9): 5035. CrossRef
Triglyceride and glucose index is a simple and easy‐to‐calculate marker associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Kyung‐Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Hong‐Yup Ahn, Cheol‐Young Park Obesity.2022; 30(6): 1279. CrossRef
The Impact of Insulin Resistance on Hepatic Fibrosis among United States Adults with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: NHANES 2017 to 2018 Ji Cheol Bae, Lauren A. Beste, Kristina M. Utzschneider Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(3): 455. CrossRef
Plasma Metabolomics and Machine Learning-Driven Novel Diagnostic Signature for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Moongi Ji, Yunju Jo, Seung Joon Choi, Seong Min Kim, Kyoung Kon Kim, Byung-Chul Oh, Dongryeol Ryu, Man-Jeong Paik, Dae Ho Lee Biomedicines.2022; 10(7): 1669. CrossRef
Evaluation of Liver Changes in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients using Computed Tomography Nayyar Ashfaq, Akash John, Abid Ali, Amina Sharif Bhatti, Hateem Qaiser DIET FACTOR (Journal of Nutritional & Food Sciences).2022; : 14. CrossRef
Accuracy of FIB-4 to Detect Elevated Liver Stiffness Measurements in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Referral Centers Mauro Viganò, Nicola Pugliese, Federica Cerini, Federica Turati, Vincenzo Cimino, Sofia Ridolfo, Simone Rocchetto, Francesca Foglio, Maria Terrin, Carlo La Vecchia, Maria Grazia Rumi, Alessio Aghemo International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(20): 12489. CrossRef
MAFLD vs. NAFLD: shared features and potential changes in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy Ying-Xin Xian, Jian-Ping Weng, Fen Xu Chinese Medical Journal.2021; 134(1): 8. CrossRef
Prognostic accuracy of FIB‐4, NAFLD fibrosis score and APRI for NAFLD‐related events: A systematic review Jenny Lee, Yasaman Vali, Jerome Boursier, Rene Spijker, Quentin M. Anstee, Patrick M. Bossuyt, Mohammad H. Zafarmand Liver International.2021; 41(2): 261. CrossRef
Serum syndecan‐4 is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Shu Jing Xia, Li Zhong Tang, Wen Hua Li, Zhao Shan Xu, Li Li Zhang, Feng Gan Cheng, Hong Xia Chen, Zi Hua Wang, Yu Cheng Luo, An Na Dai, Jian Gao Fan Journal of Digestive Diseases.2021; 22(9): 536. CrossRef
Non-Laboratory-Based Simple Screening Model for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Developed Using Multi-Center Cohorts Jiwon Kim, Minyoung Lee, Soo Yeon Kim, Ji-Hye Kim, Ji Sun Nam, Sung Wan Chun, Se Eun Park, Kwang Joon Kim, Yong-ho Lee, Joo Young Nam, Eun Seok Kang Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(4): 823. CrossRef
Pemafibrate Ameliorates Liver Dysfunction and Fatty Liver in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Hypertriglyceridemia: A Retrospective Study with the Outcome after a Mid-Term Follow-Up Suguru Ikeda, Takaaki Sugihara, Takuya Kihara, Yukako Matsuki, Takakazu Nagahara, Tomoaki Takata, Sonoko Kitao, Tsuyoshi Okura, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Hajime Isomoto Diagnostics.2021; 11(12): 2316. CrossRef
Triglyceride Glucose-Waist Circumference Is Superior to the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Identifying Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Healthy Subjects Hwi Seung Kim, Yun Kyung Cho, Eun Hee Kim, Min Jung Lee, Chang Hee Jung, Joong-Yeol Park, Hong-Kyu Kim, Woo Je Lee Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 11(1): 41. CrossRef
The Leg Fat to Total Fat Ratio Is Associated with Lower Risks of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Less Severe Hepatic Fibrosis: Results from Nationwide Surveys (KNHANES 2008–2011) Hyun Min Kim, Yong-ho Lee Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(6): 1232. CrossRef