Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Article

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Association of Shift Work with Normal-Weight Obesity in Community-Dwelling Adults: Chul Woo Ahn, Sungjae Shin, Seunghyun Lee, Hye-Sun Park, Namki Hong, Yumie Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):781-790. Published online October 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1532

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Background
Shift work is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, this association in the normal-weight population remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether shift work is associated with normal-weight obesity (NWO).
Methods
From the nationally representative Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) dataset (2008 to 2011), 3,800 full-time workers aged ≥19 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≤25 kg/m² were analysed. We defined NWO as BMI ≤25 kg/m² and body fat percentage ≥25% in men and ≥37% in women. Working patterns were classified into “daytime,” “other than daytime,” and “shift.” Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between shift work and NWO.
Results
Shift work was associated with higher odds of NWO than daytime work (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 2.09) and night/evening work (aOR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.14) after adjustment for type of work, working hours, age, sex, BMI, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and other sociodemographic factors. In subgroup analyses, the association between shift work and NWO was more robust in those aged ≥60 years and those working ≥56 hours/week.
Conclusion
Shift work was associated with NWO in community-dwelling Korean adults, independent of age, sex, BMI, and other covariates.

Citations

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Impaired Melatonin Secretion, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Night Shift Work
Sorina Hohor, Cristina Mandanach, Andreea Maftei, Corina Aurelia Zugravu, Marina Ruxandra Oțelea
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Normal-Weight Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Jeonghyeon Kim, Seamon Kang, Hyunsik Kang
Healthcare.2023; 11(16): 2303. CrossRef
You Can’t Avoid Shift Work? Then Focus on Body Fat Rather than Weight
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(5): 756. CrossRef

Review Article

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Effects of Intermittent Fasting on the Circulating Levels and Circadian Rhythms of Hormones: Bo Hye Kim, Yena Joo, Min-Seon Kim, Han Kyoung Choe, Qingchun Tong, Obin Kwon; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):745-756. Published online August 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.405

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Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular strategy in losing weight and associated reduction in obesity-related medical complications. Overwhelming studies support metabolic improvements from intermittent fasting in blood glucose levels, cardiac and brain function, and other health benefits, in addition to weight loss. However, concerns have also been raised on side effects including muscle loss, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalance. Of particular concern, the effect of intermittent fasting on hormonal circadian rhythms has received little attention. Given the known importance of circadian hormonal changes to normal physiology, potential detrimental effects by dysregulation of hormonal changes deserve careful discussions. In this review, we describe the changes in circadian rhythms of hormones caused by intermittent fasting. We covered major hormones commonly pathophysiologically involved in clinical endocrinology, including insulin, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids. Given that intermittent fasting could alter both the level and frequency of hormone secretion, decisions on practicing intermittent fasting should take more considerations on potential detrimental consequences versus beneficial effects pertaining to individual health conditions.

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Original Articles

Obesity and Metabolism
Distinct Ultradian Rhythms in Plasma Clusterin Concentrations in Lean and Obese Korean Subjects: Jong Han Choi, Eunheui Jeong, Byung Soo Youn, Min-Seon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(2):245-251. Published online May 4, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.2.245

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Background

Blood levels of many hormones show rhythmic fluctuations with variable duration of cycles. Clusterin/apolipoprotein J is a glycoprotein which is highly expressed in the plasma and has modulatory roles in immune and inflammatory reactions, neurobiology, lipid metabolism, and leptin signaling. In this study, we examined the diurnal fluctuations of plasma clusterin concentrations in lean and obese young men.

Methods

For the study, 14 subjects (five lean and five obese men; two lean and two obese women) were admitted to the research ward and blood samples were drawn every 30 minutes during light-on period (6:00 AM to 10:00 PM) and every hour during light-off period.

Results

Notably, plasma clusterin concentrations displayed a unique ultradian rhythm with five cycles a day in both men and women. During the light-on period, circulating clusterin levels showed fluctuating curves with 4 hours regular intervals with sharp peaks and troughs. In contrast, single oscillation curve during light-off exhibited a smoothened/lower peak and longer (8-hour) duration. In obese men, these cycles were phase-advanced by approximately 1 hour, and had reduced amplitude of fluctuating curves and blunted diurnal pattern. Cyclic fluctuations of plasma clusterin were preserved under fasting and unexpected meal condition, suggesting that rhythmic oscillations in plasma clusterin levels are not generated by meal-related cues.

Conclusion

These findings firstly demonstrate a novel pattern of plasma clusterin fluctuations with extremely regular cycles.

Citations

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Clusterin and Related Scoring Index as Potential Early Predictors of Response to Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Satoshi Narahara, Takehisa Watanabe, Katsuya Nagaoka, Nahoko Fujimoto, Yoki Furuta, Kentaro Tanaka, Takayuki Tokunaga, Takeshi Kawasaki, Yoko Yoshimaru, Hiroko Setoyama, Kentaro Oniki, Junji Saruwatari, Masakuni Tateyama, Hideaki Naoe, Motohiko Tanaka, Ya
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The role of circadian rhythm in choroid plexus functions
Telma Quintela, André Furtado, Ana C. Duarte, Isabel Gonçalves, Jihwan Myung, Cecília R.A. Santos
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A Novel Multi-Biomarker Assay for Non-Invasive Quantitative Monitoring of Kidney Injury
Drew Watson, Joshua Y. C. Yang, Reuben D. Sarwal, Tara K. Sigdel, Juliane M. Liberto, Izabella Damm, Victoria Louie, Shristi Sigdel, Devon Livingstone, Katherine Soh, Arjun Chakraborty, Michael Liang, Pei-Chen Lin, Minnie M. Sarwal
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Effect of Mefloquine, a Gap Junction Blocker, on Circadian Period2 Gene Oscillation in the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Ex Vivo: Jinmi Koo, Han Kyoung Choe, Hee-Dae Kim, Sung Kook Chun, Gi Hoon Son, Kyungjin Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(3):361-370. Published online December 9, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.3.361

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Background

In mammals, the master circadian pacemaker is localized in an area of the ventral hypothalamus known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Previous studies have shown that pacemaker neurons in the SCN are highly coupled to one another, and this coupling is crucial for intrinsic self-sustainability of the SCN central clock, which is distinguished from peripheral oscillators. One plausible mechanism underlying the intercellular communication may involve direct electrical connections mediated by gap junctions.

Methods

We examined the effect of mefloquine, a neuronal gap junction blocker, on circadian Period 2 (Per2) gene oscillation in SCN slice cultures prepared from Per2::luciferase (PER2::LUC) knock-in mice using a real-time bioluminescence measurement system.

Results

Administration of mefloquine causes instability in the pulse period and a slight reduction of amplitude in cyclic PER2::LUC expression. Blockade of gap junctions uncouples PER2::LUC-expressing cells, in terms of phase transition, which weakens synchrony among individual cellular rhythms.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that neuronal gap junctions play an important role in synchronizing the central pacemaker neurons and contribute to the distinct self-sustainability of the SCN master clock.

Citations

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