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1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
2Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
3Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
4Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2023 Korean Endocrine Society
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conception or design: J.Y., H.S.B., D.J.L. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: J.Y., H.S.B., D.J.L. Drafting the work or revising: J.Y., H.S.B., C.J., K,J., J.L., J.H., M.H.K., J.L., D.J.L. Final approval of the manuscript: J.Y., H.S.B., C.J., K,J., J.L., J.H., M.H.K., J.L., D.J.L.
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).
ATD, anti-thyroid drug; PTU, propylthiouracil; T4, thyroxine; T3, triiodothyronine; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; TBII, thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin; TSI, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin.
Total (n=156) | Remission (n=82) | Relapse/persistent (n=74) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
TBII: slopea | –2.5 (–6.2 to –1.0) | –2.4 (–5.7 to –1.1) | –3.5 (–6.3 to –0.9) | 0.638 |
TBII: AUC1yrb | 5.0 (2.2 to 10.1) | 3.7 (1.7 to 6.6) | 6.2 (3.6 to 13.2) | 0.001 |
TSI: slopea | –98.6 (–200.1 to –14.9) | –120.1 (–204.4 to –45.9) | –84.7 (–198.2 to 8.2) | 0.026 |
TSI: AUC1yrb | 259.5 (169.8 to 367.3) | 243.7 (157.9 to 309.9) | 310.2 (187.2 to 408.0) | 0.012 |
Values are expressed as median (interquartile range).
TBII, thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin; TSI, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin; AUC1yr, area under the curve at 1st year.
a The slope was calculated as the difference of the baseline and second values divided by time duration (year); bThe AUC1yr was defined as the area under the line between baseline and second values.
Variable |
Univariate |
Multivariatec |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | |
Age | 0.995 | 0.989–1.001 | 0.132 | |||
Sex (M:F) | 0.968 | 0.791–1.186 | 0.757 | |||
Goiter | 0.998 | 0.849–1.173 | 0.983 | |||
Smoking | 1.028 | 0.745–1.418 | 0.868 | |||
GO | 1.117 | 0.920–1.357 | 0.266 | |||
Baseline TBII | 1.005 | 0.998–1.012 | 0.164 | 1.005 | 0.998–1.012 | 0.184 |
TBII: slopea | 1.003 | 0.998–1.007 | 0.293 | 1.002 | 0.997–1.007 | 0.358 |
TBII: AUC1yrb | 1.008 | 1.001–1.015 | 0.028 | 1.007 | 1.000–1.014 | 0.040 |
Baseline TSI | 1.000 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.180 | 1.000 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.174 |
TSI: slopea | 1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.049 | 1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.057 |
TSI: AUC1yrb | 1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.007 | 1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.007 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; GO, Grave’s orbitopathy; TBII, thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin; AUC1yr, area under the curve at 1st year; TSI, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin.
a The slope was calculated as the difference of the baseline and second values divided by time duration (year);
b The AUC1yr was defined as the area under the line between baseline and second values;
c The HR for each value (baseline, slope, AUC) of TBII and TSI is adjusted with age, sex, goiter and GO.
Characteristic | Total (n=156) | Remission (n=82) | Relapse/persistent (n=74) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr | 44.3±13.0 | 45.8±12.5 | 42.7±13.5 | 0.132 | |
Female sex | 127 (81.4) | 66 (80.5) | 61 (82.4) | 0.916 | |
Goiter | 95 (60.9) | 50 (61.0) | 45 (60.8) | 0.948 | |
Smoking | 10 (6.4) | 5 (6.1) | 5 (6.8) | 1.000 | |
Previous treatment history | 24 (15.4) | 11 (13.4) | 14 (17.9) | 0.620 | |
Graves’ orbitopathy | 32 (20.5) | 14 (17.1) | 18 (24.3) | 0.357 | |
ATD type | 0.078 | ||||
Methimazole | 59 (37.8) | 37 (45.1) | 22 (29.7) | ||
Carbimazole | 81 (51.9) | 35 (42.7) | 46 (62.2) | ||
PTU | 5 (3.2) | 4 (4.9) | 1 (1.4) | ||
Change during treatment | 11 (7.0) | 6 (7.3) | 5 (6.8) | ||
ATD treatment duration | 31.0 (22.0–46.0) | 28.0 (21.0–37.0) | 40.5 (24.0–61.0) | <0.001 | |
Concomitant T4 use | 27 (17.3) | 15 (18.3) | 12 (16.2) | 0.896 | |
Thyroid function tests at diagnosis | |||||
Free T4 | 2.7 (2.1–3.8) | 2.4 (2.0–3.4) | 3.0 (2.3–4.3) | 0.010 | |
T3 | 2.5 (1.8–3.5) | 2.4 (1.7–3.3) | 2.8 (1.9–4.0) | 0.236 | |
TSH | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.270 | |
T3/free T4 | 1.0±0.2 | 1.0±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.107 | |
TBII | 6.4 (2.7–12.7) | 5.1 (2.3–10.5) | 7.7 (4.2–15.9) | 0.010 | |
TSI bioassay | 315.0 (211.0–439.5) | 309.0 (179.0–423.0) | 323.5 (232.0–457.0) | 0.370 |
Total (n=156) | Remission (n=82) | Relapse/persistent (n=74) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
TBII: slope |
–2.5 (–6.2 to –1.0) | –2.4 (–5.7 to –1.1) | –3.5 (–6.3 to –0.9) | 0.638 |
TBII: AUC1yr |
5.0 (2.2 to 10.1) | 3.7 (1.7 to 6.6) | 6.2 (3.6 to 13.2) | 0.001 |
TSI: slope |
–98.6 (–200.1 to –14.9) | –120.1 (–204.4 to –45.9) | –84.7 (–198.2 to 8.2) | 0.026 |
TSI: AUC1yr |
259.5 (169.8 to 367.3) | 243.7 (157.9 to 309.9) | 310.2 (187.2 to 408.0) | 0.012 |
Variable | Univariate |
Multivariate |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | |
Age | 0.995 | 0.989–1.001 | 0.132 | |||
Sex (M:F) | 0.968 | 0.791–1.186 | 0.757 | |||
Goiter | 0.998 | 0.849–1.173 | 0.983 | |||
Smoking | 1.028 | 0.745–1.418 | 0.868 | |||
GO | 1.117 | 0.920–1.357 | 0.266 | |||
Baseline TBII | 1.005 | 0.998–1.012 | 0.164 | 1.005 | 0.998–1.012 | 0.184 |
TBII: slope |
1.003 | 0.998–1.007 | 0.293 | 1.002 | 0.997–1.007 | 0.358 |
TBII: AUC1yr |
1.008 | 1.001–1.015 | 0.028 | 1.007 | 1.000–1.014 | 0.040 |
Baseline TSI | 1.000 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.180 | 1.000 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.174 |
TSI: slope |
1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.049 | 1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.057 |
TSI: AUC1yr |
1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.007 | 1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.007 |
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range). ATD, anti-thyroid drug; PTU, propylthiouracil; T4, thyroxine; T3, triiodothyronine; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; TBII, thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin; TSI, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin.
Values are expressed as median (interquartile range). TBII, thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin; TSI, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin; AUC1yr, area under the curve at 1st year. The slope was calculated as the difference of the baseline and second values divided by time duration (year); bThe AUC1yr was defined as the area under the line between baseline and second values.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; GO, Grave’s orbitopathy; TBII, thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin; AUC1yr, area under the curve at 1st year; TSI, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin. The slope was calculated as the difference of the baseline and second values divided by time duration (year); The AUC1yr was defined as the area under the line between baseline and second values; The HR for each value (baseline, slope, AUC) of TBII and TSI is adjusted with age, sex, goiter and GO.