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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)
Han-sang Baek1orcid, Ji-Yeon Park1, Jin Yu1, Joonyub Lee1, Yeoree Yang1, Jeonghoon Ha1, Seung Hwan Lee1, Jae Hyoung Cho1, Dong-Jun Lim1, Hun-Sung Kim1,2orcid
Endocrinology and Metabolism 2022;37(6):945-946.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.602
Published online: December 2, 2022

1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

2Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Hun-Sung Kim. Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-8262, Fax: +82-2-2258-8297, E-mail: 01cadiz@hanmail.net
• Received: November 9, 2022   • Accepted: November 16, 2022

Copyright © 2022 Korean Endocrine Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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See the letter "Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)" on page 943.
The recent query by Dr. May Thu Hla Aye, Dr. Saijd Adhi Raja, and Dr. Vui Heng Chong regarding our article “Characteristics of glycemic control and long-term complications in patients with young-onset type 2 diabetes” merits a response, and the opportunity to address their concerns is much appreciated. In our research, we showed that patients with young-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) (≤40 years) had higher blood sugar levels at diagnosis and overall poorer control on follow-up [1]. Poor glycemic control influenced the development of complications, especially in young patients. However, Dr. Hla Aye and Dr. Chong expressed the concern that because the conclusions of our study were based on fasting glucose levels recorded over three time points within the 1st year of diagnosis, it assumes that DM control is static. They pointed out that DM control is dynamic and is influenced by many factors.
We completely agree with their opinion. In this regard, we did not intend to determine the patients’ long-term glycemic control results from the 1st year of glycemic control. Instead, we wanted to identify the most important risk factor for developing diabetic complications. We used the degree of glycemic control in the 1st year as an indicator. We did not assume that glycemic control is static; instead, we also assumed that glycemic control has a dynamic aspect. Therefore, we suggest that physicians could counsel their patients about the possibility of complications and encourage them to improve their glycemic control.
As mentioned in our study’s limitation section, 1 year is a relatively short period. However, in real-world practice, patients (especially young patients) often want to track their disease course within a short time frame. However, the key point of our study—the calculated risk for complication from 1 year glucose level—is not a judgment; it is, instead, a kind of warning.
As Dr. Hla Aye and Dr. Chong mentioned in their letter, glycemic control could be influenced by many factors [2], from genetic factors [3] to medication adherence or the healthcare system [4,5]. We also discussed this issue in our manuscript [1]. Furthermore, as Dr. Hla Aye and Dr. Chong pointed out in their letter, patient-related factors, including the patient’s awareness, seem to be most important. We hope that our study’s results could be used to educate patients about their condition in the 1st year of treatment and to advise them on future treatment plans.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

  • 1. Baek HS, Park JY, Yu J, Lee J, Yang Y, Ha J, et al. Characteristics of glycemic control and long-term complications in patients with young-onset type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022;37:641–51.ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 2. Yang YS, Han K, Sohn TS, Kim NH. Young-onset type 2 diabetes in South Korea: a review of the current status and unmet need. Korean J Intern Med 2021;36:1049–58.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
  • 3. Yeung RO, Zhang Y, Luk A, Yang W, Sobrepena L, Yoon KH, et al. Metabolic profiles and treatment gaps in young-onset type 2 diabetes in Asia (the JADE programme): a cross-sectional study of a prospective cohort. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014;2:935–43.ArticlePubMed
  • 4. Romakin P, Mohammadnezhad M. Healthcare providers’ perception of healthcare system factors associated with poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients in Fiji. Rev Diabet Stud 2019;15:49–57.ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 5. Trief PM, Kalichman SC, Wang D, Drews KL, Anderson BJ, Bulger JD, et al. Medication adherence in young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes: iCount, an observational study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022;184:109216.ArticlePubMed

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    • Young patients with type 2 diabetes have high relative risks for complications in a country with middle-high sociodemographic index, similarly to those countries with high index
      Gergő A. Molnár, Zoltán Kiss, István Wittmann
      Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Differences in cardiovascular disease incidence according to changes in obesity status in young diabetic patients
      Do Kyeong Song, Yeon-Ah Sung, Young Sun Hong, Min-ho Kim, Hyejin Lee
      Cardiovascular Diabetology – Endocrinology Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

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      Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)
      Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(6):945-946.   Published online December 2, 2022
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.602
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