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1Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
2Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
3Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
4Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
5Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
6Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
7Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
8Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
9Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
10Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
11Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
12Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
13Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
14Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
15Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2021 Korean Endocrine Society
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conception or design: J.H.K., M.H.C. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: E.J.K., C.L., J.S., S.L., K.A.K., S.W.K., Y.R., H.J.K., J.S.L., C.H.C., S.W.C., S.J.Y., O.H.R., H.C.C., A.R.H., C.H.A., J.H.K., M.H.C. Drafting the work or revising: E.J.K., J.H.K., M.H.C. Final approval of the manuscript: E.J.K., C.L., J.S., S.L., K.A.K., S.W.K., Y.R., H.J.K., J.S.L., C.H.C., S.W.C., S.J.Y., O.H.R., H.C.C., A.R.H., C.H.A., J.H.K., M.H.C.
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range). The P values were calculated using Kruskal-Wallis or a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The proportion of postmenopausal women was expressed as the proportion for women in each group.
NFA, nonfunctioning adenoma; CS, Cushing’s syndrome; PA, primary aldosteronism; BMI, body mass index; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; DST, dexamethasone suppression test; UFC, urinary free cortisol; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; PRA, plasma renin activity; ARR, aldosterone-to-renin ratio.
Characteristic | NFA (n=73) | CS (n=30) | PA (n=40) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr | 58.0±10.2 | 49.2±12.9 | 49.2±10.1 | 0.001 |
Female sex | 35 (47.9) | 24 (80.0) | 16 (40.0) | 0.006 |
Menopause | 24 (68.6) | 13 (54.2) | 5 (31.2) | 0.004 |
Height, cm | 165.1±8.3 | 161.3±7.3 | 167.8±8.2 | 0.201 |
Weight, kg | 71.5±14.7 | 64.5±11.8 | 73.6±17.0 | 0.710 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 26.1±4.1 | 24.8±3.8 | 25.8±4.1 | 0.591 |
HTN | 38 (52.1) | 17 (56.7) | 39 (97.5) | <0.001 |
DM | 23 (31.5) | 7 (23.3) | 6 (15.0) | 0.149 |
Dyslipidemia | 33 (45.2) | 9 (30.0) | 11 (27.5) | 0.117 |
CHD | 3 (4.1) | 0 | 2 (5.0) | 0.805 |
CVA | 3 (2.7) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (2.5) | 0.845 |
Tumor size, mm | 18.2±8.9 | 27.6±14.4 | 15.8±6.5 | 0.720 |
Cortisol after 1 mg-DST, μg/dL | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 12.9 (6.1–15.7) | 1.1 (0.8–1.2) | <0.001 |
UFC, μg/day | 36.5 (0.1–57.5) | 101.5 (35.7–219.0) | 38.4 (24.5–58.0) | 0.001 |
Basal cortisol, μg/dL | 10.4 (8.0–14.5) | 12.9 (9.8–14.6) | 11.0 (6.8–20.6) | 0.315 |
ACTH, pg/mL | 17.8 (11.9–29.0) | 12.5 (7.2–19.6) | 21.9 (11.5–35.4) | 0.274 |
Aldosterone, ng/dL | 13.0 (7.7–19.8) | 13.9 (10.2–22.4) | 29.2 (21.2–36.1) | <0.001 |
PRA, ng/mL/hr | 0.9 (0.4–2.3) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | <0.001 |
ARR | 11.7 (5.8–21.7) | 18.8 (7.3–29.1) | 145.5 (104.8–256.0) | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range). The NFA, nonfunctioning adenoma; CS, Cushing’s syndrome; PA, primary aldosteronism; BMI, body mass index; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; DST, dexamethasone suppression test; UFC, urinary free cortisol; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; PRA, plasma renin activity; ARR, aldosterone-to-renin ratio.