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1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
3Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
4Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2021 Korean Endocrine Society
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conception or design: M.K.M. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: S.J.M., H.N.J., J.H.K., M.K.M. Drafting the work or revising: S.J.M., H.N.J., J.H.K., M.K.M. Final approval of the manuscript: S.J.M., H.N.J., J.H.K., M.K.M.
Characteristic | PA (n=80) | EHa (n=80) | P value | SMD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yrb | 51.7±11.2 | 51.7±14.4 | 0.583 | 0.001 |
Male sex | 41 (51.2) | 43 (53.8) | 0.874 | 0.050 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.2±3.7 | 25.3±3.6 | 0.851 | 0.030 |
Diabetes | 16 (20.0) | 17 (21.2) | 1.000 | 0.031 |
Aldosterone, ng/dLb | 28.2 (20.8–41.3) | 14.4 (7.5–18.8) | <0.001 | 0.832 |
Renin activity, ng/mL/hrb | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 2.3 (1.3–5.2) | <0.001 | 0.564 |
ARR, ng/dL per ng/(mL/hr)b | 198.8 (99.2–294.3) | 5.3 (2.7–10.2) | <0.001 | 1.651 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2b | 75.7 (64.2–91.3) | 68.1 (58.3–84.0) | 0.033 | 0.263 |
Potassium, mEq/L | 3.6±0.6 | 4.2±0.4 | <0.001 | 1.216 |
HbA1c, %b | 5.8±0.9 | 5.8±0.7 | 0.540 | 0.012 |
TC, mg/dL | 187.0±32.1 | 198.2±34.4 | 0.036 | 0.336 |
HDL-C, mg/dLc | 51.2±14.9 | 51.1±15.1 | 0.973 | 0.004 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 113.7±25.7 | 118.2±28.7 | 0.301 | 0.164 |
TG, mg/dLc | 129.2±81.8 | 155.8±99.6 | 0.031 | 0.292 |
Non-HDL-C, mg/dL | 135.9±31.3 | 146.9±34.9 | 0.038 | 0.332 |
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range). Variables of each group were compared by independent t test, Mann-Whitney test and chi-square test.
PA, primary aldosteronism; EH, essential hypertension; PS, propensity-score; SMD, standard mean difference; BMI, body mass index; ARR, aldosterone-renin ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
a Controls were selected from essential hypertension group, matched (1:1) by age, sex, BMI, and diabetes mellitus, using PS-matching methods;
b The Mann-Whitney test was performed on variables that do not follow the normal distribution;
c Log-transformed.
Least-squares mean | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
PA | EH | Pa | Pb | Pc | |
TC, mg/dL | 185.5±4.4 | 196.2±4.4 | 0.033 | 0.034 | 0.047 |
|
|||||
HDL-C, mg/dL | 50.7±1.8 | 51.4±1.7 | 0.796d | 0.801d | 0.711d |
|
|||||
LDL-C, mg/dL | 112.0±3.6 | 116.0±3.6 | 0.283 | 0.284 | 0.352 |
|
|||||
TG, mg/dL | 132.3±11.5 | 157.4±11.4 | 0.033d | 0.033d | 0.035d |
|
|||||
Non-HDL-C, mg/dL | 134.7±4.4 | 144.7±4.3 | 0.038 | 0.038 | 0.060 |
Values are expressed as least-squares mean±standard error. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analyses were performed adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Further analysis was performed by correcting glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HbA1c & estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) respectively. Estimated mean shown in the table is the value adjusted for age, BMI, sex, DM, HbA1c, and eGFR.
PA, primary aldosteronism; EH, essential hypertension; PS, propensity-score; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
a Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM;
b Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c;
c Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c+eGFR;
d Log-transformed.
Characteristic | Lateralized PA (n=49) | EHa (n=49) | P value | Non-lateralized PA (n=34) | EHa (n=34) | P value | High ARR (SIT or CCT negative) (n=35) | EHa (n=35) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr | 51.1±10.7 | 51.2±14.6 | 0.968 | 52.8±12.3 | 51.6±15.6 | 0.811b | 52.2±13.0 | 52.6±12.7 | 0.638b |
Male sex | 20 (40.8) | 20 (40.8) | 1.000 | 22 (64.7) | 21 (61.8) | 1.000 | 19 (54.3) | 19 (54.3) | 1.000 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.0±3.8 | 25.1±3.2 | 0.841 | 25.4±3.3 | 25.3±3.5 | 0.967 | 26.3±3.8 | 26.3±4.0 | 0.999 |
Diabetes | 10 (20.4) | 10 (20.4) | 1.000 | 7 (20.6) | 8 (23.5) | 1.000 | 8 (22.9) | 8 (22.9) | 1.000 |
Aldosterone, ng/dL | 43.6±30.1 | 17.1±12.9 | <0.001c | 26.3±10.9 | 19.9±23.1 | <0.001c | 20.5±7.6 | 12.7±6.8 | <0.001c |
Renin activity, ng/mL/hr | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 2.3 (1.4–4.7) | <0.001b | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 2.3 (1.4–5.8) | <0.001b | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 2.2 (1.4–5.2) | <0.001b |
ARR, ng/dL per ng/(mL/hr) | 244.0 (149.1–369.0) | 6.4 (2.6–10.6) | <0.001b | 152.8±106.3 | 6.3±4.1 | <0.001 | 112.7±98.8 | 6.5±4.6 | <0.001 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 75.4 (63.6–93.4) | 67.3 (57.6–82.7) | 0.152b | 85.2 (69.3–91.1) | 65.2 (57.1–85.4) | 0.007b | 84.6 (74.1–102.4) | 66.9 (57.5–89.2) | 0.013b |
Potassium, mEq/L | 3.5±0.6 | 4.3±0.4 | <0.001 | 3.8±0.5 | 4.4±0.6 | <0.001 | 4.2±0.5 | 4.3±0.5 | 0.872 |
HbA1c, % | 5.6 (5.4–5.9) | 5.6 (5.4–6.1) | 0.669b | 5.6 (5.4–5.9) | 5.6 (5.3–6.2) | 0.777b | 5.7 (5.4–6.0) | 5.8 (5.5–6.2) | 0.268b |
TC, mg/dL | 186.1±36.6 | 203.0±37.7 | 0.027 | 188.2±27.1 | 194.7±36.3 | 0.410 | 194.4±34.9 | 197.9±35.7 | 0.693 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 54.4±14.6 | 54.6±15.7 | 0.957c | 48.1±14.0 | 46.6±9.8 | 0.603 | 49.1±13.9 | 53.5±127 | 0.171 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 113.3±30.1 | 123.8±30.9 | 0.094 | 115.5±21.2 | 118.4±29.2 | 0.639 | 123.6±27.0 | 118.6±28.8 | 0.489c |
TG, mg/dL | 110.5±72.4 | 144.0±83.1 | 0.014c | 141.8±87.4 | 163.3±121.8 | 0.405c | 145.8±111.2 | 143.6±91.4 | 0.972c |
Non-HDL-C mg/dL | 131.7±35.2 | 148.4±35.2 | 0.022 | 140.2±28.3 | 148.1±38.7 | 0.336 | 145.2±32.1 | 143.9±33.9 | 0.876 |
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range). Variables of each group were compared by independent t test, Mann-Whitney test and chi-square test.
PA, primary aldosteronism; ARR, aldosterone-renin ratio; EH, essential hypertension; PS, propensity-score; ARR, aldosterone-renin ratio; SIT, saline infusion test; CCT, captopril challenge test; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
a Controls were selected from essential hypertension group, matched (1:1) by age, sex, BMI, and diabetes mellitus, using propensity score matching methods;
b The Mann-Whitney test was performed on variables that do not follow the normal distribution;
c Log-transformed.
Least-squares mean | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
PA or high ARR | EH | Pa | Pb | Pc | |
Lateralized PA | |||||
TC, mg/dL | 182.8±6.4 | 198.7±6.6 | 0.030 | 0.028 | 0.042 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 51.5±2.4 | 52.9±2.5 | 0.923d | 0.771d | 0.606d |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 111.7±5.2 | 121.3±5.5 | 0.101 | 0.094 | 0.130 |
TG, mg/dL | 116.5±12.5 | 146.5±13.1 | 0.010d | 0.014d | 0.019d |
Non-HDL-C mg/dL | 131.3±6.0 | 145.8±6.3 | 0.025 | 0.027 | 0.049 |
|
|||||
Non-lateralized PA | |||||
TC, mg/dL | 179.6±6.4 | 187.2±6.1 | 0.342 | 0.325 | 0.341 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 49.1±2.1 | 47.3±2.0 | 0.426 | 0.429 | 0.477 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 110.7±4.9 | 112.6±4.7 | 0.563 | 0.537 | 0.754 |
TG, mg/dL | 114.2±20.7 | 150.5±19.8 | 0.320d | 0.316d | 0.179d |
Non-HDL-C mg/dL | 130.5±6.5 | 140.0±6.3 | 0.240 | 0.224 | 0.247 |
|
|||||
High ARRe | |||||
TC, mg/dL | 191.3±7.3 | 191.8±7.5 | 0.709 | 0.853 | 0.955 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 49.8±2.5 | 54.9±2.7 | 0.146 | 0.134 | 0.111 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 120.2±5.6 | 112.1±5.7 | 0.433d | 0.274d | 0.305d |
TG, mg/dL | 139.6±20.7 | 133.0±21.5 | 0.978d | 0.963d | 0.824d |
Non-HDL-C mg/dL | 141.6±6.6 | 136.7±6.8 | 0.876 | 0.692 | 0.553 |
Values are expressed as least-squares mean±standard error. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analyses were performed adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Further analysis was performed by correcting glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HbA1c & estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) respectively. Estimated mean shown in the table is the value adjusted for age, BMI, sex, DM, HbA1c, and eGFR.
PA, primary aldosteronism; ARR, aldosterone-renin ratio; EH, essential hypertension; PS, propensity-score; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
a Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM;
b Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c;
c Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c+eGFR;
d Log-transformed;
e High ARR represents patients with high ARR with negative confirmatory tests.
Aldosterone concentrations | P value for trend | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
1st tertile | 2nd tertile | 3rd tertile | Pa | Pb | Pc | |
TC, mg/dL | 193.6±4.7 | 195.0±4.9 | 184.4±4.7 | 0.228 | 0.123 | 0.128 |
|
||||||
HDL-C, mg/dL | 48.5±1.9 | 52.0±1.9 | 53.4±1.8 | 0.009d | 0.030d | 0.031d |
|
||||||
LDL-C, mg/dL | 114.7±3.8 | 119.2±4.0 | 110.8±3.7 | 0.474d | 0.384d | 0.385d |
|
||||||
TG, mg/dL | 160.9±12.8 | 140.1±13.5 | 126.4±12.7 | 0.007d | 0.004d | 0.004d |
|
||||||
Non-HDL-C mg/dL | 145.0±4.5 | 143.2±4.7 | 130.9±4.5 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.016 |
Values are expressed as least-squares mean±standard error. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes status, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) were performed for estimated mean, and multiple linear regression analyses with continuous form of aldosterone tertiles were performed to calculate P for trends. Estimated mean shown in the table is the value adjusted for age, BMI, sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), HbA1c, and eGFR.
PA, primary aldosteronism; ARR, aldosterone-renin ratio; EH, essential hypertension; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
a Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM;
b Adjusted fir Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c;
c Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c+eGFR;
d Log-transformed.
Characteristic | PA (n=80) | EH |
P value | SMD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr |
51.7±11.2 | 51.7±14.4 | 0.583 | 0.001 |
Male sex | 41 (51.2) | 43 (53.8) | 0.874 | 0.050 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.2±3.7 | 25.3±3.6 | 0.851 | 0.030 |
Diabetes | 16 (20.0) | 17 (21.2) | 1.000 | 0.031 |
Aldosterone, ng/dL |
28.2 (20.8–41.3) | 14.4 (7.5–18.8) | <0.001 | 0.832 |
Renin activity, ng/mL/hr |
0.1 (0.1–0.3) | 2.3 (1.3–5.2) | <0.001 | 0.564 |
ARR, ng/dL per ng/(mL/hr) |
198.8 (99.2–294.3) | 5.3 (2.7–10.2) | <0.001 | 1.651 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 |
75.7 (64.2–91.3) | 68.1 (58.3–84.0) | 0.033 | 0.263 |
Potassium, mEq/L | 3.6±0.6 | 4.2±0.4 | <0.001 | 1.216 |
HbA1c, % |
5.8±0.9 | 5.8±0.7 | 0.540 | 0.012 |
TC, mg/dL | 187.0±32.1 | 198.2±34.4 | 0.036 | 0.336 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
51.2±14.9 | 51.1±15.1 | 0.973 | 0.004 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 113.7±25.7 | 118.2±28.7 | 0.301 | 0.164 |
TG, mg/dL |
129.2±81.8 | 155.8±99.6 | 0.031 | 0.292 |
Non-HDL-C, mg/dL | 135.9±31.3 | 146.9±34.9 | 0.038 | 0.332 |
Least-squares mean | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
PA | EH | P |
P |
P | |
TC, mg/dL | 185.5±4.4 | 196.2±4.4 | 0.033 | 0.034 | 0.047 |
| |||||
HDL-C, mg/dL | 50.7±1.8 | 51.4±1.7 | 0.796 |
0.801 |
0.711 |
| |||||
LDL-C, mg/dL | 112.0±3.6 | 116.0±3.6 | 0.283 | 0.284 | 0.352 |
| |||||
TG, mg/dL | 132.3±11.5 | 157.4±11.4 | 0.033 |
0.033 |
0.035 |
| |||||
Non-HDL-C, mg/dL | 134.7±4.4 | 144.7±4.3 | 0.038 | 0.038 | 0.060 |
Characteristic | Lateralized PA (n=49) | EH |
P value | Non-lateralized PA (n=34) | EH |
P value | High ARR (SIT or CCT negative) (n=35) | EH |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr | 51.1±10.7 | 51.2±14.6 | 0.968 | 52.8±12.3 | 51.6±15.6 | 0.811 |
52.2±13.0 | 52.6±12.7 | 0.638 |
Male sex | 20 (40.8) | 20 (40.8) | 1.000 | 22 (64.7) | 21 (61.8) | 1.000 | 19 (54.3) | 19 (54.3) | 1.000 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.0±3.8 | 25.1±3.2 | 0.841 | 25.4±3.3 | 25.3±3.5 | 0.967 | 26.3±3.8 | 26.3±4.0 | 0.999 |
Diabetes | 10 (20.4) | 10 (20.4) | 1.000 | 7 (20.6) | 8 (23.5) | 1.000 | 8 (22.9) | 8 (22.9) | 1.000 |
Aldosterone, ng/dL | 43.6±30.1 | 17.1±12.9 | <0.001 |
26.3±10.9 | 19.9±23.1 | <0.001 |
20.5±7.6 | 12.7±6.8 | <0.001 |
Renin activity, ng/mL/hr | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 2.3 (1.4–4.7) | <0.001 |
0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 2.3 (1.4–5.8) | <0.001 |
0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 2.2 (1.4–5.2) | <0.001 |
ARR, ng/dL per ng/(mL/hr) | 244.0 (149.1–369.0) | 6.4 (2.6–10.6) | <0.001 |
152.8±106.3 | 6.3±4.1 | <0.001 | 112.7±98.8 | 6.5±4.6 | <0.001 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 75.4 (63.6–93.4) | 67.3 (57.6–82.7) | 0.152 |
85.2 (69.3–91.1) | 65.2 (57.1–85.4) | 0.007 |
84.6 (74.1–102.4) | 66.9 (57.5–89.2) | 0.013 |
Potassium, mEq/L | 3.5±0.6 | 4.3±0.4 | <0.001 | 3.8±0.5 | 4.4±0.6 | <0.001 | 4.2±0.5 | 4.3±0.5 | 0.872 |
HbA1c, % | 5.6 (5.4–5.9) | 5.6 (5.4–6.1) | 0.669 |
5.6 (5.4–5.9) | 5.6 (5.3–6.2) | 0.777 |
5.7 (5.4–6.0) | 5.8 (5.5–6.2) | 0.268 |
TC, mg/dL | 186.1±36.6 | 203.0±37.7 | 0.027 | 188.2±27.1 | 194.7±36.3 | 0.410 | 194.4±34.9 | 197.9±35.7 | 0.693 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 54.4±14.6 | 54.6±15.7 | 0.957 |
48.1±14.0 | 46.6±9.8 | 0.603 | 49.1±13.9 | 53.5±127 | 0.171 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 113.3±30.1 | 123.8±30.9 | 0.094 | 115.5±21.2 | 118.4±29.2 | 0.639 | 123.6±27.0 | 118.6±28.8 | 0.489 |
TG, mg/dL | 110.5±72.4 | 144.0±83.1 | 0.014 |
141.8±87.4 | 163.3±121.8 | 0.405 |
145.8±111.2 | 143.6±91.4 | 0.972 |
Non-HDL-C mg/dL | 131.7±35.2 | 148.4±35.2 | 0.022 | 140.2±28.3 | 148.1±38.7 | 0.336 | 145.2±32.1 | 143.9±33.9 | 0.876 |
Least-squares mean | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
PA or high ARR | EH | P |
P |
P | |
Lateralized PA | |||||
TC, mg/dL | 182.8±6.4 | 198.7±6.6 | 0.030 | 0.028 | 0.042 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 51.5±2.4 | 52.9±2.5 | 0.923 |
0.771 |
0.606 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 111.7±5.2 | 121.3±5.5 | 0.101 | 0.094 | 0.130 |
TG, mg/dL | 116.5±12.5 | 146.5±13.1 | 0.010 |
0.014 |
0.019 |
Non-HDL-C mg/dL | 131.3±6.0 | 145.8±6.3 | 0.025 | 0.027 | 0.049 |
| |||||
Non-lateralized PA | |||||
TC, mg/dL | 179.6±6.4 | 187.2±6.1 | 0.342 | 0.325 | 0.341 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 49.1±2.1 | 47.3±2.0 | 0.426 | 0.429 | 0.477 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 110.7±4.9 | 112.6±4.7 | 0.563 | 0.537 | 0.754 |
TG, mg/dL | 114.2±20.7 | 150.5±19.8 | 0.320 |
0.316 |
0.179 |
Non-HDL-C mg/dL | 130.5±6.5 | 140.0±6.3 | 0.240 | 0.224 | 0.247 |
| |||||
High ARR | |||||
TC, mg/dL | 191.3±7.3 | 191.8±7.5 | 0.709 | 0.853 | 0.955 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 49.8±2.5 | 54.9±2.7 | 0.146 | 0.134 | 0.111 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 120.2±5.6 | 112.1±5.7 | 0.433 |
0.274 |
0.305 |
TG, mg/dL | 139.6±20.7 | 133.0±21.5 | 0.978 |
0.963 |
0.824 |
Non-HDL-C mg/dL | 141.6±6.6 | 136.7±6.8 | 0.876 | 0.692 | 0.553 |
Aldosterone concentrations | P value for trend | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
1st tertile | 2nd tertile | 3rd tertile | P |
P |
P | |
TC, mg/dL | 193.6±4.7 | 195.0±4.9 | 184.4±4.7 | 0.228 | 0.123 | 0.128 |
| ||||||
HDL-C, mg/dL | 48.5±1.9 | 52.0±1.9 | 53.4±1.8 | 0.009 |
0.030 |
0.031 |
| ||||||
LDL-C, mg/dL | 114.7±3.8 | 119.2±4.0 | 110.8±3.7 | 0.474 |
0.384 |
0.385 |
| ||||||
TG, mg/dL | 160.9±12.8 | 140.1±13.5 | 126.4±12.7 | 0.007 |
0.004 |
0.004 |
| ||||||
Non-HDL-C mg/dL | 145.0±4.5 | 143.2±4.7 | 130.9±4.5 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.016 |
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range). Variables of each group were compared by independent PA, primary aldosteronism; EH, essential hypertension; PS, propensity-score; SMD, standard mean difference; BMI, body mass index; ARR, aldosterone-renin ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride. Controls were selected from essential hypertension group, matched (1:1) by age, sex, BMI, and diabetes mellitus, using PS-matching methods; The Mann-Whitney test was performed on variables that do not follow the normal distribution; Log-transformed.
Values are expressed as least-squares mean±standard error. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analyses were performed adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Further analysis was performed by correcting glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HbA1c & estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) respectively. Estimated mean shown in the table is the value adjusted for age, BMI, sex, DM, HbA1c, and eGFR. PA, primary aldosteronism; EH, essential hypertension; PS, propensity-score; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol; TG, triglyceride. Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM; Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c; Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c+eGFR; Log-transformed.
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range). Variables of each group were compared by independent PA, primary aldosteronism; ARR, aldosterone-renin ratio; EH, essential hypertension; PS, propensity-score; ARR, aldosterone-renin ratio; SIT, saline infusion test; CCT, captopril challenge test; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride. Controls were selected from essential hypertension group, matched (1:1) by age, sex, BMI, and diabetes mellitus, using propensity score matching methods; The Mann-Whitney test was performed on variables that do not follow the normal distribution; Log-transformed.
Values are expressed as least-squares mean±standard error. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analyses were performed adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Further analysis was performed by correcting glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HbA1c & estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) respectively. Estimated mean shown in the table is the value adjusted for age, BMI, sex, DM, HbA1c, and eGFR. PA, primary aldosteronism; ARR, aldosterone-renin ratio; EH, essential hypertension; PS, propensity-score; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol; TG, triglyceride. Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM; Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c; Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c+eGFR; Log-transformed; High ARR represents patients with high ARR with negative confirmatory tests.
Values are expressed as least-squares mean±standard error. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes status, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) were performed for estimated mean, and multiple linear regression analyses with continuous form of aldosterone tertiles were performed to calculate PA, primary aldosteronism; ARR, aldosterone-renin ratio; EH, essential hypertension; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol; TG, triglyceride. Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM; Adjusted fir Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c; Adjusted for Age+BMI+Sex+DM+HbA1c+eGFR; Log-transformed.