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Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by a parathyroid adenoma, occasionally by primary parathyroid hyperplasia and rarely by parathyroid carcinoma. Coincidental occurrence of thyroid carcinoma in parathyroid adenoma is not uncommon, but synchronous parathyroid and thyroid carcinoma is extremely rare. Here, we describe a case of synchronous parathyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma.