Warning: fopen(/home/virtual/enm-kes/journal/upload/ip_log/ip_log_2025-07.txt): failed to open stream: Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 100 Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 101
1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.
2Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea.
3Department of Public Health, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.
4Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
Copyright © 2018 Korean Endocrine Society
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS: Conception or design: D.H.L., C.G.C. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: J.M.L., H.Y.K., T.Y.Y. Drafting the work or revising: T.Y.Y., C.G.C. Final approval of the manuscript: D.H.L., C.G.C.
Values are expressed as mean±SD, median (interquartile range), or number (%).
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; CVD, cardiovascular disease; UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number (%).
UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
Characteristic | Premenopausal women (n=379) | Postmenopausal women (n=595) | Men (n=857) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr | 40.2±6.1 | 64.3±9.4 | 54.1±14.2 | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.9±3.7 | 24.7±3.5 | 24.1±2.9 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference, cm | 76.5±9.6 | 83.2±9.6 | 85.5±8.5 | <0.001 |
SBP, mm Hg | 108.5±12.8 | 128.7±17.5 | 123.2±17.0 | <0.001 |
DBP, mm Hg | 71.6±8.6 | 75.7±10.1 | 78.6±10.7 | <0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 92.2±17.1 | 100.9±23.1 | 101.6±25.9 | <0.001 |
HbA1c, % | 5.6±0.6 | 6.0±0.7 | 5.9±0.9 | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 184.6±31.8 | 202.2±35.5 | 190.5±35.5 | 0.535 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 57.7±12.9 | 53.0±12.9 | 50.0±12.8 | <0.001 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 111.8±28.0 | 125.2±33.8 | 115.2±32.5 | 0.953 |
TG, mg/dL | 82.0 (59.5–119.5) | 120.0 (82.0–165.5) | 128.0 (90.5–198.0) | <0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.69 (0.63–0.75) | 0.76 (0.65–0.78) | 0.94 (0.87–1.03) | <0.001 |
Heavy alcohol drinking | 48 (12.6) | 34 (5.7) | 368 (42.9) | <0.001 |
Current smoker | 19 (5.0) | 29 (4.9) | 351 (41.3) | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 4 (1.0) | 84 (14.1) | 86 (10.1) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 15 (3.9) | 260 (43.7) | 223 (26.2) | <0.001 |
CVD history | 3 (0.8) | 24 (4.0) | 31 (3.6) | 0.005 |
UACR, mg/g | 3.8 (1.4–8.4) | 4.9 (1.5–14.2) | 4.6 (1.7–13.4) | 0.013 |
Characteristic | Premenopausal women (n=379) | Postmenopausal women (n=595) | Men (n=857) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UACR <30 mg/g (n=358) | UACR 30–299 mg/g (n=21) | UACR ≥300 mg/g (n=0) | P value | UACR <30 mg/g (n=527) | UACR 30–299 mg/g (n=59) | UACR ≥300 mg/g (n=9) | P value | UACR <30 mg/g (n=741) | UACR 30–299 mg/g (n=98) | UACR ≥300 mg/g (n=18) | P value | |
Age, yr | 40.2±6.1 | 39.7±6.6 | - | 0.930 | 63.8±9.2 | 66.5±10.3 | 66.8±11.4 | 0.025 | 53.0±14.1 | 60.3±12.7 | 62.8±14.6 | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.8±3.5 | 23.6±5.3 | - | 0.012 | 24.3±3.3 | 24.5±2.9 | 25.6±8.0 | 0.328 | 24.0±2.9 | 24.2±2.9 | 24.7±2.6 | 0.297 |
WC, cm | 76.3±9.0 | 77.5±14.0 | - | 0.014 | 82.8±9.4 | 83.8±8.7 | 88.6±17.6 | 0.063 | 85.3±8.6 | 86.6±8.1 | 88.0±7.6 | 0.052 |
SBP, mm Hg | 108.4±12.3 | 109.7±19.4 | - | 0.575 | 127.2±17.9 | 133.8±15.2 | 136.3±15.9 | 0.003 | 121.9±16.3 | 129.8±17.2 | 143.9±21.3 | <0.001 |
DBP, mm Hg | 71.6±8.4 | 71.4±11.5 | - | 0.583 | 76.5±9.5 | 78.3±13.0 | 80.7±13.1 | 0.069 | 78.5±10.3 | 79.4±13.2 | 80.4±14.5 | 0.291 |
FPG, mg/dL | 92.3±17.4 | 89.4±7.7 | - | 0.796 | 99.5±20.3 | 103.8±25.3 | 131.4±45.5 | 0.001 | 99.2±21.3 | 115.8±42.8 | 125.6±43.2 | <0.001 |
HbA1c, % | 5.5±0.6 | 5.6±0.4 | - | 0.658 | 6.0±0.8 | 6.1±0.8 | 7.5±2.9 | <0.001 | 5.8±0.7 | 6.4±1.4 | 7.0±1.2 | <0.001 |
TC, mg/dL | 183.8±31.6 | 193.6±33.8 | - | 0.042 | 202.2±36.9 | 202.8±39.7 | 229.4±451.0 | 0.192 | 190.9±34.5 | 185.2±40.6 | 205.8±45.6 | 0.957 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 57.5±12.9 | 60.0±13.2 | - | 0.231 | 53.8±13.21 | 49.0±11.6 | 51.4±8.6 | 0.017 | 50.3±12.7 | 48.7±14.2 | 47.1±10.8 | 0.145 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 110.8±27.7 | 125.4±34.3 | - | 0.222 | 123.9±32.0 | 134.6±42.9 | 196.0±38.0 | 0.049 | 116.5±32.1 | 103.2±34.7 | 122.5±37.2 | 0.135 |
TG, mg/dL | 81 (59.0–116.0) | 130 (65.0–148.0) | - | 0.082 | 117 (82.0–165.0) | 118 (89.0–157.0) | 161.5 (106.5–212.5) | 0.353 | 127 (90.0–195.5) | 136 (90.0–194.0) | 164 (106.5–318.5) | 0.275 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.69 (0.63–0.75) | 0.67 (0.58–0.79) | - | 0.548 | 0.70 (0.65–0.78) | 0.73 (0.67–0.82) | 0.73 (0.68–0.78) | 0.068 | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 0.95 (0.87–1.10) | 1.00 (0.94–1.28) | 0.034 |
Heavy alcohol drinking | 46 (12.8) | 1 (4.8) | - | 0.155 | 32 (6.1) | 2 (3.4) | 0 | 0.507 | 316 (42.6) | 46 (46.9) | 6 (33.3) | 0.511 |
Current smoker | 17 (4.7) | 2 (9.5) | - | 0.589 | 21 (4.0) | 4 (6.8) | 0 | 0.350 | 304 (41.4) | 38 (38.8) | 9 (50.0) | 0.662 |
Diabetes | 4 (1.1) | 0 | - | 0.878 | 70 (13.3) | 8 (13.6) | 1 (12.5) | 0.462 | 52 (7.1) | 25 (25.5) | 9 (50.0) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 12 (3.4) | 3 (14.3) | - | 0.042 | 209 (39.8) | 38 (64.4) | 6 (75.0) | <0.001 | 166 (22.6) | 47 (48.0) | 10 (55.6) | <0.001 |
CVD history | 3 (0.8) | 0 | - | 0.907 | 23 (4.4) | 2 (3.4) | 0 | 0.072 | 22 (3.0) | 6 (6.1) | 3 (16.7) | 0.004 |
UACR, mg/g | 3.5 (1.2–7.7) | 49 (34.4–66.4) | - | <0.001 | 3.7 (1.2–9.0) | 58.4 (40.0–74.7) | 500.4 (405.0–802.0) | <0.001 | 3.6 (1.4–8.0) | 58.7 (41.2–105.1) | 875.0 (343.0–1,789.0) | <0.001 |
Variable | Total hip | Femur neck | Lumbar spine |
---|---|---|---|
Premenopausal women (n=379) | |||
UACR <30 mg/g (n=358) | 0.880±0.110 | 0.742±0.104 | 0.984±0.119 |
UACR 30–299 mg/g (n=21) | 0.941±0.139 | 0.794±0.153 | 1.010±0.123 |
UACR ≥ 300 mg/g (n=0) | - | - | - |
P value | 0.072 | 0.155 | 0.364 |
P value (age-adjusted) | 0.271 | 0.100 | 0.547 |
Premenopausal women (n=379) | |||
UACR <30 mg/g (n=527) | 0.767±0.117 | 0.625±0.110 | 0.803±0.138 |
UACR 30–299 mg/g (n=59) | 0.757±0.129 | 0.612±0.115 | 0.769±0.130 |
UACR ≥300 mg/g (n=9) | 0.752±0.118 | 0.617±0.117 | 0.845±0.177 |
P value | 0.352 | 0.195 | 0.367 |
P value (age-adjusted) | 0.040 | 0.350 | 0.352 |
Men (n=857) | |||
UACR <30 mg/g (n=741) | 0.939±0.126 | 0.783±0.125 | 0.954±0.142 |
UACR 30–299 mg/g (n=98) | 0.905±0.130 | 0.740±0.120 | 0.958±0.163 |
UACR >300 mg/g (n=18) | 0.890±0.148 | 0.729±0.141 | 1.009±0.180 |
Pvalue | 0.042 | 0.008 | 0.477 |
P value (age-adjusted) | 0.462 | 0.447 | 0.214 |
Values are expressed as mean±SD, median (interquartile range), or number (%). BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; CVD, cardiovascular disease; UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number (%). UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
Values are expressed as mean±SD. UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.