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1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
2Department of Endocrinology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
Copyright © 2016 Korean Endocrine Society
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Values are expressed as mean±SD or number (%).
OF, osteoporotic fracture; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; CTX, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; 25-OH-D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
aCorrected calcium level (mg/dL)=total calcium level (mg/dL)+0.8×[4.0 g/dL–serum albumin level (g/dL)] (mg/dL).
Values are statistically significant.
BMI, body mass index; CTX, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen.
aP values were determined by Pearson's correlation analysis; bP values were determined by partial correlation analysis adjusted for age and BMI; cP values were determined by partial correlation analysis adjusted for age, BMI, current smoking, alcohol intake (≥3 units/day), exercise status (≥30 min/day), parental history of osteoporotic fracture, years since menopause, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; dMacrophage migration inhibitory factor and bone turnover markers were log-transformed because their distributions were positively skewed.
MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.
aValues were compared and generated by analysis of covariance; bValues are statistically significant; cMultivariable factors included age, BMI, current smoking, alcohol intake (≥3 units/day), exercise status (≥30 min/day), parental history of osteoporotic fracture, years since menopause, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
OR (95% CI)a | P value | |
---|---|---|
Unadjusted | 1.387 (1.065–1.806) | 0.015 |
Age and BMI adjusted | 1.371 (1.051–1.788) | 0.020 |
Multivariable adjusted | 1.319 (1.007–1.729) | 0.044 |
Values are statistically significant. Multivariable factors included age, BMI, current smoking, alcohol intake (≥3 units/day), exercise status (≥30 min/day), parental history of osteoporotic fracture, years since menopause, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.
aPer SD increment in plasma MIF levels.
Variable | Postmenopausal women (n=246) |
---|---|
Age, yr | 62.7±6.2 |
Height, cm | 155.4±5.2 |
Weight, kg | 57.0±7.0 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.6±2.9 |
Current smoker | 7 (2.8) |
Alcohol intake (≥3 U/day) | 37 (15.0) |
Exercise (≥30 min/day) | 94 (38.2) |
Parental history of OF | 37 (15.0) |
Years since menopause, yr | 12.1±6.8 |
MIF, ng/mL | 25.0±20.4 |
Bone mineral density, g/cm2 | |
Lumbar spine | 0.894±0.123 |
Femoral neck | 0.756±0.094 |
Total femur | 0.813±0.097 |
Corrected calcium level, mg/dLa | 8.9±0.4 |
Phosphorus, mg/dL | 3.8±0.5 |
Bone turnover marker | |
Osteocalcin, ng/mL | 30.5±14.3 |
CTX, ng/mL | 0.560±0.223 |
25-OH-D3, ng/mL | 30.5±15.5 |
Variable | Unadjusted | Age and BMI adjusted | Multivariable adjusted | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
γ | P valuea | γ | P valueb | γ | P valuec | |
Bone mineral density, g/cm2 | ||||||
Lumbar spine | –0.327 | <0.001 | –0.335 | <0.001 | –0.317 | <0.001 |
Femoral neck | –0.224 | <0.001 | –0.236 | <0.001 | –0.223 | 0.001 |
Total femur | –0.229 | <0.001 | –0.245 | <0.001 | –0.232 | <0.001 |
Bone turnover markersd | ||||||
Osteocalcin | 0.186 | 0.015 | 0.189 | 0.014 | 0.187 | 0.017 |
CTX | 0.217 | 0.001 | 0.218 | 0.001 | 0.196 | 0.004 |
Adjusted model | Estimated MIF levels, ng/mL (95% CI)a | ||
---|---|---|---|
Subjects with osteoporosis (n=94) | Subjects without osteoporosis (n=152) | P valueb | |
Unadjusted | 29.08 (24.98–33.19) | 22.42 (19.19–25.64) | 0.012 |
Age and BMI adjusted | 28.94 (24.82–33.05) | 22.51 (19.27–25.74) | 0.017 |
Multivariable adjustedc | 28.22 (24.09–32.35) | 22.72 (19.50–25.94) | 0.041 |
OR (95% CI)a | P value | |
---|---|---|
Unadjusted | 1.387 (1.065–1.806) | 0.015 |
Age and BMI adjusted | 1.371 (1.051–1.788) | 0.020 |
Multivariable adjusted | 1.319 (1.007–1.729) | 0.044 |
Values are expressed as mean±SD or number (%). OF, osteoporotic fracture; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; CTX, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; 25-OH-D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. aCorrected calcium level (mg/dL)=total calcium level (mg/dL)+0.8×[4.0 g/dL–serum albumin level (g/dL)] (mg/dL).
Values are statistically significant. BMI, body mass index; CTX, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen. a
MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index. aValues were compared and generated by analysis of covariance; bValues are statistically significant; cMultivariable factors included age, BMI, current smoking, alcohol intake (≥3 units/day), exercise status (≥30 min/day), parental history of osteoporotic fracture, years since menopause, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
Values are statistically significant. Multivariable factors included age, BMI, current smoking, alcohol intake (≥3 units/day), exercise status (≥30 min/day), parental history of osteoporotic fracture, years since menopause, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation. aPer SD increment in plasma MIF levels.