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1Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
2Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
3Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
4Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
5Department of Family Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Copyright © 2015 Korean Endocrine Society
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Values are expressed as mean±SD.
aData from a normal South Korean population [11]; b,cP values are from the compare between North Korean refugees and South Korean controls in both right and left, respectively.
Characteristic | No. (%) |
---|---|
Sex | |
Male | 25 (16) |
Female | 133 (84) |
Age, yr | |
20-39 | 34 (22) |
40-59 | 102 (65) |
≥60 | 22 (14) |
Duration of stay in South Korea | |
Mean±SD | 4.1±3.1 |
≤5 | 110 (70) |
>5 | 48 (30) |
Duration of stay in 3rd country | |
Mean±SD | 5.8±4.3 |
Direct entry | 54 (34) |
≤5 | 79 (50) |
>5 | 25 (16) |
Occupation in South Korea | |
No | 110 (70) |
Yes | 48 (30) |
Academic level in North Korea | |
Middle-high school | 99 (63) |
College | 59 (37) |
Variable | Male | Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
North Korean refugees | South Korean | P value | North Korean refugees | South Korean | P value | |
Number | 25 | 75 | 25 | 75 | ||
Age, yr | 48.2±14.4 | 48.2±14.6 | 1.000 | 48.3±10.8 | 48.1±11.2 | 0.924 |
Height, cm | 155.9±6.4 | 171.3±7.1 | <0.001 | 157.1±6.1 | 158.8±5.5 | 0.005 |
Weight, kg | 54.9±6.6 | 73.8±13.8 | <0.001 | 56.6±8.3 | 58.8±8.4 | 0.010 |
Muscle mass, kg | 20.7±3.4 | 31.5±4.8 | <0.001 | 21.4±3.7 | 21.5±2.6 | 0.737 |
Body fat mass, kg | 16.4±5.4 | 17.8±7.8 | 0.340 | 17.2±5.7 | 18.9±6.0 | 0.003 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.9±3.1 | 25.1±3.9 | 0.007 | 22.9±2.8 | 23.4±3.2 | 0.146 |
Body surface area, m2 | 1.54±0.11 | 1.86±0.19 | <0.001 | 1.56±0.19 | 1.61±0.12 | 0.001 |
Waist hip ratio | 0.84±0.04 | 0.90±0.07 | <0.001 | 0.86±0.05 | 0.87±0.09 | 0.024 |
Variable | Young (ages <50) | Old (ages ≥50) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
North Korean refugees | South Korean | P value from ANOVA | North Korean refugees | South Korean | P value from ANOVA | |||
<4 yra | ≥4 yra | <4 yra | ≥4 yra | |||||
Number | 45 | 30 | 191 | 26 | 31 | 171 | ||
Age, yr | 40.1±7.8 | 42.2±4.3 | 39.6±6.8 | 0.145 | 57.3±6.6 | 58.5±6.9 | 57.6±6.3 | 0.763 |
Height, cm | 156.4±6.7b | 157.2±5.7b | 160.5±5.2 | <0.001 | 157.4±6.2 | 157.9±5.6 | 156.8±5.2 | 0.544 |
Weight, kg | 55.2±8.4b | 57.9±8.8c | 59.1±8.9 | 0.031 | 57.3±9.3 | 57.0±6.7 | 58.6±7.7 | 0.459 |
Muscle mass, kg | 21.2±3.7 | 21.2±3.7 | 21.9±2.6 | 0.179 | 21.3±3.8 | 21.9±3.6 | 21.0±2.6 | 0.256 |
Fat mass, kg | 16.0±5.2b | 18.6±5.5c | 18.5±6.4 | 0.048 | 17.9±6.1b | 16.7±6.1b | 19.4±5.5 | 0.032 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.5±2.6 | 23.4±3.0 | 23.0±3.6 | 0.530 | 23.0±2.8 | 22.9±2.8 | 23.8±2.8 | 0.132 |
Body surface area, m2 | 1.5±0.1b | 1.5±0.3b | 1.6±0.1 | 0.002 | 1.6±0.2 | 1.6±0.1 | 1.6±0.1 | 0.683 |
Waist hip ratio | 0.85±0.05 | 0.86±0.05 | 0.87±0.06 | 0.089 | 0.86±0.05 | 0.85±0.04 | 0.88±0.11 | 0.323 |
Age, yr | North Korean refugees | South Korean controlsa | P valueb | P valuec | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Right, kg | Left, kg | No. | Right, kg | Left, kg | ||||
Male | 20-79 | 25 | 33.2±10.1 | 33.7±8.9 | 33 | 43.0±11.4 | 42.5±10.7 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Female | 20-49 | 76 | 19.4±6.6 | 18.0±5.7 | 123 | 27.3±4.2 | 25.6±4.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
50-79 | 57 | 19.0±5.3 | 18.1±4.6 | 52 | 25.1±5.0 | 23.5±5.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as mean±SD.
Values are expressed as mean±SD. ANOVA, analysis of variance. aDuration of stay in South Korea; b
Values are expressed as mean±SD. aData from a normal South Korean population [