1. Cooper DS, Biondi B. Subclinical thyroid disease. Lancet 2012;379:1142-1154.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
2. Leese GP, Flynn RV, Jung RT, Macdonald TM, Murphy MJ, Morris AD. Increasing prevalence and incidence of thyroid disease in Tayside, Scotland: the Thyroid Epidemiology Audit and Research Study (TEARS). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008;68:311-316.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
3. Surks MI, Ortiz E, Daniels GH, Sawin CT, Col NF, Cobin RH, et al. Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA 2004;291:228-238.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
4. Biondi B, Cooper DS. The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr Rev 2008;29:76-131.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
5. Kim YA, Park YJ. Prevalence and risk factors of subclinical thyroid disease. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2014;29:20-29.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
6. Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:526-534.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
7. Kim TH, Choi HS, Bae JC, Moon JH, Kim HK, Choi SH, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism in addition to common risk scores for prediction of cardiovascular disease: a 10-year community-based cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2014;171:649-657.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
8. Knudsen N, Laurberg P, Rasmussen LB, Bulow I, Perrild H, Ovesen L, et al. Small differences in thyroid function may be important for body mass index and the occurrence of obesity in the population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:4019-4024.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
9. Taylor PN, Razvi S, Pearce SH, Dayan CM. Clinical review: a review of the clinical consequences of variation in thyroid function within the reference range. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:3562-3571.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
10. Liu D, Jiang F, Shan Z, Wang B, Wang J, Lai Y, et al. A cross-sectional survey of relationship between serum TSH level and blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 2010;24:134-138.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
11. Asvold BO, Bjoro T, Nilsen TI, Vatten LJ. Association between blood pressure and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration within the reference range: a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:841-845.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
12. Ye Y, Xie H, Zeng Y, Zhao X, Tian Z, Zhang S. Association between subclinical hypothyroidism and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Endocr Pract 2014;20:150-158.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
13. Pearce EN. Update in lipid alterations in subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:326-333.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
14. Liu XL, He S, Zhang SF, Wang J, Sun XF, Gong CM, et al. Alteration of lipid profile in subclinical hypothyroidism: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 2014;20:1432-1441.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
15. Park YJ, Lee YJ, Choi SI, Chun EJ, Jang HC, Chang HJ. Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on the coronary artery disease in apparently healthy subjects. Eur J Endocrinol 2011;165:115-121.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
16. Marfella R, Ferraraccio F, Rizzo MR, Portoghese M, Barbieri M, Basilio C, et al. Innate immune activity in plaque of patients with untreated and L-thyroxine-treated subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:1015-1020.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
17. Razvi S, Ingoe L, Keeka G, Oates C, McMillan C, Weaver JU. The beneficial effect of L-thyroxine on cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial function, and quality of life in subclinical hypothyroidism: randomized, crossover trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:1715-1723.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
18. Takamura N, Akilzhanova A, Hayashida N, Kadota K, Yamasaki H, Usa T, et al. Thyroid function is associated with carotid intima-media thickness in euthyroid subjects. Atherosclerosis 2009;204:e77-e81.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
19. Suh S, Lee MK. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in Korea. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014;21(Suppl 1):S31-S35.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
20. Iwen KA, Schroder E, Brabant G. Thyroid hormones and the metabolic syndrome. Eur Thyroid J 2013;2:83-92.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
21. Nakajima Y, Yamada M, Akuzawa M, Ishii S, Masamura Y, Satoh T, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and indices for metabolic syndrome in Japanese women: one-year follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:3280-3287.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
22. Lee YK, Kim JE, Oh HJ, Park KS, Kim SK, Park SW, et al. Serum TSH level in healthy Koreans and the association of TSH with serum lipid concentration and metabolic syndrome. Korean J Intern Med 2011;26:432-439.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC] [PDF]
23. Oh JY, Sung YA, Lee HJ. Elevated thyroid stimulating hormone levels are associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid young women. Korean J Intern Med 2013;28:180-186.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC] [PDF]
24. Monzani F, Di Bello V, Caraccio N, Bertini A, Giorgi D, Giusti C, et al. Effect of levothyroxine on cardiac function and structure in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1110-1115.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
25. Brenta G, Mutti LA, Schnitman M, Fretes O, Perrone A, Matute ML. Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function by radionuclide ventriculography at rest and exercise in subclinical hypothyroidism, and its response to L-thyroxine therapy. Am J Cardiol 2003;91:1327-1330.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
26. Nanchen D, Gussekloo J, Westendorp RG, Stott DJ, Jukema JW, Trompet S, et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of heart failure in older persons at high cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:852-861.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
27. Biondi B, Fazio S, Palmieri EA, Carella C, Panza N, Cittadini A, et al. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:2064-2067.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
28. Madathil A, Hollingsworth KG, Blamire AM, Razvi S, Newton JL, Taylor R, et al. Levothyroxine improves abnormal cardiac bioenergetics in subclinical hypothyroidism: a cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopic study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015;100:E607-E610.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
29. Gencer B, Collet TH, Virgini V, Bauer DC, Gussekloo J, Cappola AR, et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of heart failure events: an individual participant data analysis from 6 prospective cohorts. Circulation 2012;126:1040-1049.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
30. Asvold BO, Bjoro T, Platou C, Vatten LJ. Thyroid function and the risk of coronary heart disease: 12-year follow-up of the HUNT study in Norway. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012;77:911-917.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
31. Ceresini G, Ceda GP, Lauretani F, Maggio M, Usberti E, Marina M, et al. Thyroid status and 6-year mortality in elderly people living in a mildly iodine-deficient area: the aging in the Chianti Area Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013;61:868-874.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
32. Gussekloo J, van Exel E, de Craen AJ, Meinders AE, Frolich M, Westendorp RG. Thyroid status, disability and cognitive function, and survival in old age. JAMA 2004;292:2591-2599.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
33. Pereg D, Tirosh A, Elis A, Neuman Y, Mosseri M, Segev D, et al. Mortality and coronary heart disease in euthyroid patients. Am J Med 2012;125:826.e7-826.e12.
[CROSSREF]
34. Tseng FY, Lin WY, Lin CC, Lee LT, Li TC, Sung PK, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:730-737.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
35. Ittermann T, Haring R, Sauer S, Wallaschofski H, Dorr M, Nauck M, et al. Decreased serum TSH levels are not associated with mortality in the adult northeast German population. Eur J Endocrinol 2010;162:579-585.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
36. Parle JV, Maisonneuve P, Sheppard MC, Boyle P, Franklyn JA. Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: a 10-year cohort study. Lancet 2001;358:861-865.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
37. Westerink J, van der Graaf Y, Faber DR, Spiering W, Visseren FL. SMART study group. Relation between thyroid-stimulating hormone and the occurrence of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with manifest vascular diseases. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012;19:864-873.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
38. Selmer C, Olesen JB, Hansen ML, von Kappelgaard LM, Madsen JC, Hansen PR, et al. Subclinical and overt thyroid dysfunction and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: a large population study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:2372-2382.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
39. Hyland KA, Arnold AM, Lee JS, Cappola AR. Persistent subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk in the elderly: the cardiovascular health study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:533-540.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
40. Rodondi N, den Elzen WP, Bauer DC, Cappola AR, Razvi S, Walsh JP, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. JAMA 2010;304:1365-1374.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
41. Ochs N, Auer R, Bauer DC, Nanchen D, Gussekloo J, Cornuz J, et al. Meta-analysis: subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk for coronary heart disease and mortality. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:832-845.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
42. Zhang Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cho J, Lee WY, Rhee EJ, et al. Thyroid hormones and mortality risk in euthyroid individuals: the Kangbuk Samsung health study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:2467-2476.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
43. Li M, Tang Z. Subclinical hypothyroidism: to treat or not to treat? Med Princ Pract 2015;24:99-100.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
44. Adrees M, Gibney J, El-Saeity N, Boran G. Effects of 18 months of L-T4 replacement in women with subclinical hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009;71:298-303.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
45. Danese MD, Ladenson PW, Meinert CL, Powe NR. Clinical review 115: effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: a quantitative review of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2993-3001.
[PUBMED]
46. Monzani F, Caraccio N, Kozakowa M, Dardano A, Vittone F, Virdis A, et al. Effect of levothyroxine replacement on lipid profile and intima-media thickness in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2099-2106.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
47. Razvi S, Weaver JU, Butler TJ, Pearce SH. Levothyroxine treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, and mortality. Arch Intern Med 2012;172:811-817.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
48. Villar HC, Saconato H, Valente O, Atallah AN. Thyroid hormone replacement for subclinical hypothyroidism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(3):CD003419
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
49. Helfand M. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for subclinical thyroid dysfunction in nonpregnant adults: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:128-141.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]