1. Verdecchia P, Reboldi G, Angeli F. The 2020 International Society of Hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines: key messages and clinical considerations. Eur J Intern Med 2020;82:1-6.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
2. American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic targets: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care 2020;43(Suppl 1):S66-76.
[PUBMED]
3. Smolen JS, Landewe RBM, Bijlsma JWJ, Burmester GR, Dougados M, Kerschbaumer A, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update. Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79:685-99.
[PUBMED]
4. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA 2001;285:785-95.
[PUBMED]
5. Khosla S, Bilezikian JP, Dempster DW, Lewiecki EM, Miller PD, Neer RM, et al. Benefits and risks of bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:2272-82.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
6. Brown JP, Prince RL, Deal C, Recker RR, Kiel DP, de Gregorio LH, et al. Comparison of the effect of denosumab and alendronate on BMD and biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone mass: a randomized, blinded, phase 3 trial. J Bone Miner Res 2009;24:153-61.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
7. Brown JP, Roux C, Ho PR, Bolognese MA, Hall J, Bone HG, et al. Denosumab significantly increases bone mineral density and reduces bone turnover compared with monthly oral ibandronate and risedronate in postmenopausal women who remained at higher risk for fracture despite previous suboptimal treatment with an oral bisphosphonate. Osteoporos Int 2014;25:1953-61.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
8. Miller PD, Pannacciulli N, Brown JP, Czerwinski E, Nedergaard BS, Bolognese MA, et al. Denosumab or zoledronic acid in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis previously treated with oral bisphosphonates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016;101:3163-70.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
9. Saag KG, Petersen J, Brandi ML, Karaplis AC, Lorentzon M, Thomas T, et al. Romosozumab or alendronate for fracture prevention in women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2017;377:1417-27.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
10. Saag KG, Shane E, Boonen S, Marin F, Donley DW, Taylor KA, et al. Teriparatide or alendronate in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2028-39.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
11. Hadji P, Zanchetta JR, Russo L, Recknor CP, Saag KG, McKiernan FE, et al. The effect of teriparatide compared with risedronate on reduction of back pain in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 2012;23:2141-50.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
12. Kendler DL, Marin F, Zerbini CAF, Russo LA, Greenspan SL, Zikan V, et al. Effects of teriparatide and risedronate on new fractures in post-menopausal women with severe osteoporosis (VERO): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2018;391:230-40.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
13. Miller PD, Hattersley G, Riis BJ, Williams GC, Lau E, Russo LA, et al. Effect of abaloparatide vs placebo on new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016;316:722-33.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
14. Langdahl BL, Libanati C, Crittenden DB, Bolognese MA, Brown JP, Daizadeh NS, et al. Romosozumab (sclerostin monoclonal antibody) versus teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis transitioning from oral bisphosphonate therapy: a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2017;390:1585-94.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
15. Bouxsein ML, Eastell R, Lui LY, Wu LA, de Papp AE, Grauer A, et al. Change in bone density and reduction in fracture risk: a meta-regression of published trials. J Bone Miner Res 2019;34:632-42.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
16. Black DM, Bauer DC, Vittinghoff E, Lui LY, Grauer A, Marin F, et al. Treatment-related changes in bone mineral density as a surrogate biomarker for fracture risk reduction: meta-regression analyses of individual patient data from multiple randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:672-82.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
17. Cosman F, Nieves JW, Dempster DW. Treatment sequence matters: anabolic and antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2017;32:198-202.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
18. Cummings SR, Cosman F, Eastell R, Reid IR, Mehta M, Lewiecki EM. Goal-directed treatment of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2013;28:433-8.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
19. Lewiecki EM, Cummings SR, Cosman F. Treat-to-target for osteoporosis: is now the time? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:946-53.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
20. Kanis JA, McCloskey E, Branco J, Brandi ML, Dennison E, Devogelaer JP, et al. Goal-directed treatment of osteoporosis in Europe. Osteoporos Int 2014;25:2533-43.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
21. Miedany YE. Treat to target for osteoporosis: another step forward. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2014;10:99-105.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
22. Cummings SR, Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Schousboe JT, Bauer DC, Black DM, et al. Goal-directed treatment for osteoporosis: a progress report from the ASBMR-NOF working group on goal-directed treatment for osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2017;32:3-10.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
23. Lewiecki EM, Watts NB. Assessing response to osteoporosis therapy. Osteoporos Int 2021 In Press.
[CROSSREF]
24. The clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2021 In press.
25. Thomas T, Casado E, Geusens P, Lems WF, Timoshanko J, Taylor D, et al. Is a treat-to-target strategy in osteoporosis applicable in clinical practice? Consensus among a panel of European experts. Osteoporos Int 2020;31:2303-11.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
26. Nogues X, Nolla JM, Casado E, Jodar E, Munoz-Torres M, Quesada-Gomez JM, et al. Spanish consensus on treat to target for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2018;29:489-99.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
27. Diez-Perez A, Adachi JD, Agnusdei D, Bilezikian JP, Compston JE, Cummings SR, et al. Treatment failure in osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2012;23:2769-74.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
28. Wasnich RD, Miller PD. Antifracture efficacy of antiresorptive agents are related to changes in bone density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:231-6.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
29. Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Harris F, Genant HK, Ensrud K, LaCroix AZ, et al. Improvement in spine bone density and reduction in risk of vertebral fractures during treatment with antiresorptive drugs. Am J Med 2002;112:281-9.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
30. Hochberg MC, Greenspan S, Wasnich RD, Miller P, Thompson DE, Ross PD. Changes in bone density and turnover explain the reductions in incidence of nonvertebral fractures that occur during treatment with antiresorptive agents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:1586-92.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
31. Lewiecki EM, Kendler DL, Davison KS, Hanley DA, Harris ST, McClung MR, et al. Western osteoporosis alliance clinical practice series: treat-to-target for osteoporosis. Am J Med 2019;132:e771-7.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
32. Ferrari S, Libanati C, Lin CJF, Brown JP, Cosman F, Czerwinski E, et al. Relationship between bone mineral density T-score and nonvertebral fracture risk over 10 years of denosumab treatment. J Bone Miner Res 2019;34:1033-40.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
33. Eastell R, Rosen CJ, Black DM, Cheung AM, Murad MH, Shoback D. Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019;104:1595-622.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
34. Shoback D, Rosen CJ, Black DM, Cheung AM, Murad MH, Eastell R. Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: an Endocrine Society guideline update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020;105:dgaa048.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
35. Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, Diab DL, Eldeiry LS, Farooki A, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2020 update. Endocr Pract 2020;26(Suppl 1):1-46.
[CROSSREF]
36. Tsourdi E, Langdahl B, Cohen-Solal M, Aubry-Rozier B, Eriksen EF, Guanabens N, et al. Discontinuation of denosumab therapy for osteoporosis: a systematic review and position statement by ECTS. Bone 2017;105:11-7.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
37. Lewiecki EM. Marcus and Feldman’s osteoporosis. 5th ed. San Diego: Elsevier; 2021. Chapter 61:Evaluation of the osteoporosis patient. p. 1475-500.
38. Lewiecki EM, Laster AJ. Clinical review: clinical applications of vertebral fracture assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4215-22.
[PUBMED]
39. Borges JLC, Sousa da Silva M, Ward RJ, Diemer KM, Yeap SS, Lewiecki EM. Repeating vertebral fracture assessment: 2019 ISCD official position. J Clin Densitom 2019;22:484-8.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
40. Lewiecki EM, Binkley N, Bilezikian JP. Treated osteoporosis is still osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2019;34:605-6.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
41. Adler RA, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Bauer DC, Camacho PM, Clarke BL, Clines GA, et al. Managing osteoporosis in patients on long-term bisphosphonate treatment: report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J Bone Miner Res 2016;31:16-35.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
42. Cheung AM, McKenna MJ, van de Laarschot DM, Zillikens MC, Peck V, Srighanthan J, et al. Detection of atypical femur fractures. J Clin Densitom 2019;22:506-16.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
43. Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE, Applegate WB, Barrett-Connor E, Musliner TA, et al. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA 1998;280:2077-82.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]