Endocrinology and Metabolism

Review Articles

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Recent Advances in Understanding Peripheral Taste Decoding I: 2010 to 2020: Jea Hwa Jang, Obin Kwon, Seok Jun Moon, Yong Taek Jeong; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):469-477. Published online June 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.302

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Taste sensation is the gatekeeper for direct decisions on feeding behavior and evaluating the quality of food. Nutritious and beneficial substances such as sugars and amino acids are represented by sweet and umami tastes, respectively, whereas noxious substances and toxins by bitter or sour tastes. Essential electrolytes including Na⁺ and other ions are recognized by the salty taste. Gustatory information is initially generated by taste buds in the oral cavity, projected into the central nervous system, and finally processed to provide input signals for food recognition, regulation of metabolism and physiology, and higher-order brain functions such as learning and memory, emotion, and reward. Therefore, understanding the peripheral taste system is fundamental for the development of technologies to regulate the endocrine system and improve whole-body metabolism. In this review article, we introduce previous widely-accepted views on the physiology and genetics of peripheral taste cells and primary gustatory neurons, and discuss key findings from the past decade that have raised novel questions or solved previously raised questions.

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Multidimensional exploration of the bitterness amelioration effect of roasting on Wuyi Rock tea
Weiying Su, Li Ni, Yizhe Chen, Daoliang Wang, Chih-Cheng Lin, Yuan Liu, Zhibin Liu
Food Chemistry.2024; 437: 137954. CrossRef
Physiology of the tongue with emphasis on taste transduction
Máire E. Doyle, Hasitha U. Premathilake, Qin Yao, Caio H. Mazucanti, Josephine M. Egan
Physiological Reviews.2023; 103(2): 1193. CrossRef
Polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 channel contributes to the bitter aftertaste perception of quinine
Takahiro Shimizu, Takuto Fujii, Keisuke Hanita, Ryo Shinozaki, Yusaku Takamura, Yoshiro Suzuki, Teppei Kageyama, Mizuki Kato, Hisao Nishijo, Makoto Tominaga, Hideki Sakai
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Sweet Taste Preference: Relationships with Other Tastes, Liking for Sugary Foods and Exploratory Genome-Wide Association Analysis in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome
Rebeca Fernández-Carrión, Jose V. Sorlí, Oscar Coltell, Eva C. Pascual, Carolina Ortega-Azorín, Rocío Barragán, Ignacio M. Giménez-Alba, Andrea Alvarez-Sala, Montserrat Fitó, Jose M. Ordovas, Dolores Corella
Biomedicines.2021; 10(1): 79. CrossRef

Obesity and Metabolism
Food Preferences and Obesity: Sara Spinelli, Erminio Monteleone; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):209-219. Published online April 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.105

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Obesity is a multifactorial disease with several potential causes that remain incompletely understood. Recent changes in the environment, which has become increasingly obesogenic, have been found to interact with individual factors. Evidence of the role of taste responsiveness and food preference in obesity has been reported, pointing to a lower taste sensitivity and a higher preference and intake of fat and, to a lesser extent, sweet foods in obese people. Studies in the last decades have also suggested that individual differences in the neurophysiology of food reward may lead to overeating, contributing to obesity. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings. In fact, only a limited number of studies has been conducted on large samples, and several studies were conducted only on women. Larger balanced studies in terms of sex/gender and age are required in order to control the confounding effect of these variables. As many factors are intertwined in obesity, a multidisciplinary approach is needed. This will allow a better understanding of taste alteration and food behaviours in obese people in order to design more effective strategies to promote healthier eating and to prevent obesity and the related chronic disease risks.

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Kristina T. Legget, Marc-Andre Cornier, Lauren Sarabia, Eve M. Delao, Susan K. Mikulich-Gilbertson, Crystal Natvig, Christina Erpelding, Tessa Mitchell, Allison Hild, Eugene Kronberg, Jason R. Tregellas
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Estimation of Free Sugars in the Filipino Food Composition Table and Evaluation of Population-Level Intake
Fabio Mainardi, Vanessa Caroline Campos, Richard Gaston Côté, Nele Kristin Silber, Roko Plestina, Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa
Nutrients.2023; 15(6): 1343. CrossRef
Genetic Obesity in Pregnant Ay Mice Does Not Affect Susceptibility to Obesity and Food Choice in Offspring
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Aleksandra Kołota, Dominika Głąbska
Nutrients.2023; 15(11): 2504. CrossRef
Is obesity associated with taste alterations? a systematic review
Beatriz Rodrigues Risuenho Peinado, Deborah Ribeiro Frazão, Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt, Renata Duarte de Souza-Rodrigues, Maria Tereza Campos Vidigal, Douglas Teixeira da Silva, Luiz Renato Paranhos, Marcela Baraúna Magno, Nathalia Carolina Fernandes F
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Relationship between Dietary Intake and Adiposity in South African Female Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Nokuthula Vilakazi, Sithabile Mathunjwa, Heather Legodi, Pedro Terrence Pisa
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Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 (A/T) polymorphism and food preference in obese people with low-calorie intake and non-obese individuals with high-calorie intake
Mehran Rahimlou, Bijan Ghobadian, Ali Ramezani, Ehsan Hejazi, Saeideh Mazloomzadeh, Jalal Hejazi
BMC Nutrition.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Lolita Matiashova, Anouk Lisa Hoogkamer, Katharina Timper
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Taste of Fat and Obesity: Different Hypotheses and Our Point of View
Laurent Brondel, Didier Quilliot, Thomas Mouillot, Naim Akhtar Khan, Philip Bastable, Vincent Boggio, Corinne Leloup, Luc Pénicaud
Nutrients.2022; 14(3): 555. CrossRef
Long-Term Consumption of a Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drink in Combination with a Western-Type Diet Is Associated with Morphological and Molecular Changes of Taste Markers Independent of Body Weight Development in Mice
Barbara Lieder, Jozef Čonka, Agnes T. Reiner, Victoria Zabel, Dominik Ameur, Mark M. Somoza, Katarína Šebeková, Peter Celec, Veronika Somoza
Nutrients.2022; 14(3): 594. CrossRef
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Virginia Eickelberg, Kai Lüersen, Stefanie Staats, Gerald Rimbach
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Consumer Expectation of Flavored Water Function, Sensory Quality, and Sugar Reduction, and the Impact of Demographic Variables and Woman Consumer Segment
Uijeong An, Xiaofen Du, Wanyi Wang
Foods.2022; 11(10): 1434. CrossRef
Sex as an independent variable in the measurement of satiation: a retrospective cohort study
Maria D. Hurtado, Lizeth Cifuentes, Alejandro Campos, Alan De La Rosa, Ekta Kapoor, Stephanie S. Faubion, Donald D. Hensrud, Michael Camilleri, Andres Acosta
International Journal of Obesity.2022; 46(12): 2156. CrossRef
Associations between Overweight and Obesity and Common Mental Disorders and Eating Behaviors of Adult Women
Ana Clara Justino Valencio, Andressa Bueno Antunes, Lilian Fonseca, Julia Araujo, Maria Clara Goyer Silva, Marcia Costa, Juliana Gomes e Silva Czermainski, Carolina Böettge Rosa, Chaline Caren Coghetto, Randhall Bruce Carteri
Obesities.2022; 2(4): 350. CrossRef
Appetitive Motivation and Associated Neurobiology Change Differentially across the Life Course of Mouse Offspring Exposed to Peri- and Postnatal High Fat Feeding
Laura Contu, Christopher J. Heath, Cheryl A. Hawkes
Nutrients.2022; 14(23): 5161. CrossRef
Toward a Better Understanding of Diet–Taste Relations
Beverly J Tepper
The Journal of Nutrition.2021; 151(9): 2503. CrossRef
The Same Metabolic Response to FGF21 Administration in Male and Female Obese Mice Is Accompanied by Sex-Specific Changes in Adipose Tissue Gene Expression
Elena Makarova, Antonina Kazantseva, Anastasia Dubinina, Tatiana Jakovleva, Natalia Balybina, Konstantin Baranov, Nadezhda Bazhan
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(19): 10561. CrossRef
Influence of leptin administration to pregnant female mice on obesity development, taste preferences, and gene expression in the liver and muscles of their male and female offspring
E. I. Denisova, M. M. Savinkova, E. N. Makarova
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Obesity and Metabolism
Sweet Taste-Sensing Receptors Expressed in Pancreatic β-Cells: Sweet Molecules Act as Biased Agonists: Itaru Kojima, Yuko Nakagawa, Yoshiaki Ohtsu, Anya Medina, Masahiro Nagasawa; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(1):12-19. Published online March 14, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.1.12

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The sweet taste receptors present in the taste buds are heterodimers comprised of T1R2 and T1R3. This receptor is also expressed in pancreatic β-cells. When the expression of receptor subunits is determined in β-cells by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the mRNA expression level of T1R2 is extremely low compared to that of T1R3. In fact, the expression of T1R2 is undetectable at the protein level. Furthermore, knockdown of T1R2 does not affect the effect of sweet molecules, whereas knockdown of T1R3 markedly attenuates the effect of sweet molecules. Consequently, a homodimer of T1R3 functions as a receptor sensing sweet molecules in β-cells, which we designate as sweet taste-sensing receptors (STSRs). Various sweet molecules activate STSR in β-cells and augment insulin secretion. With regard to intracellular signals, sweet molecules act on STSRs and increase cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ and/or cyclic AMP (cAMP). Specifically, when an STSR is stimulated by one of four different sweet molecules (sucralose, acesulfame potassium, sodium saccharin, or glycyrrhizin), distinct signaling pathways are activated. Patterns of changes in cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ and/or cAMP induced by these sweet molecules are all different from each other. Hence, sweet molecules activate STSRs by acting as biased agonists.

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