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- Calcium & bone metabolism
- Parathyroid Gland Generation from Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Mayuko Kano
- Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(4):552-558. Published online June 10, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1989
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ePub - Patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism require lifelong treatment. Current replacement therapies sometimes have adverse effects (e.g., hypercalciuria and chronic kidney disease). Generating parathyroid glands (PTGs) from the patient’s own induced pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), with transplantation of these PTGs, would be an effective treatment option. Multiple methods for generating PTGs from PSCs have been reported. One major trend is in vitro differentiation of PSCs into PTGs. Another is in vivo generation of PSC-derived PTGs by injecting PSCs into PTG-deficient embryos. This review discusses current achievements and challenges in present and future PTG regenerative medicine.
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Human Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle: A Tool for Metabolic Research
- Ji-Hoon Kim, Seung-Min Yu, Jang Won Son
- Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(3):408-414. Published online June 29, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.302
- 5,721 View
- 192 Download
- 3 Web of Science
- 3 Crossref
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Abstract
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- Skeletal muscle is now regarded as an endocrine organ based on its secretion of myokines and exerkines, which, in response to metabolic stimuli, regulate the crosstalk between the skeletal muscle and other metabolic organs in terms of systemic energy homeostasis. This conceptual basis of skeletal muscle as a metabolically active organ has provided insights into the potential role of physical inactivity and conditions altering muscle quality and quantity in the development of multiple metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, it is important to understand human muscle physiology more deeply in relation to the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. Since monolayer cell lines or animal models used in conventional research differ from the pathophysiological features of the human body, there is increasing need for more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human skeletal muscle. Here, we introduce recent studies on in vitro models of human skeletal muscle generated from adult myogenic progenitors or pluripotent stem cells and summarize recent progress in the development of three-dimensional (3D) bioartificial muscle, which mimics the physiological complexity of native skeletal muscle tissue in terms of maturation and functionality. We then discuss the future of skeletal muscle 3D-organoid culture technology in the field of metabolic research for studying pathological mechanisms and developing personalized therapeutic strategies.
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