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Review Article
Calcium & bone metabolism
New Insights into Calorie Restriction Induced Bone Loss
Linyi Liu, Clifford J. Rosen
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):203-213.   Published online April 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1673
  • 3,083 View
  • 170 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Caloric restriction (CR) is now a popular lifestyle choice due to its ability in experimental animals to improve lifespan, reduce body weight, and lessen oxidative stress. However, more and more emerging evidence suggests this treatment requires careful consideration because of its detrimental effects on the skeletal system. Experimental and clinical studies show that CR can suppress bone growth and raise the risk of fracture, but the specific mechanisms are poorly understood. Reduced mechanical loading has long been thought to be the primary cause of weight loss-induced bone loss from calorie restriction. Despite fat loss in peripheral depots with calorie restriction, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) increases, and this may play a significant role in this pathological process. Here, we update recent advances in our understanding of the effects of CR on the skeleton, the possible pathogenic role of BMAT in CR-induced bone loss, and some strategies to mitigate any potential side effects on the skeletal system.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Is Not Required for Reconstitution of the Immune System Following Irradiation in Male Mice
    Jessica A. Keune, Carmen P. Wong, Adam J. Branscum, Scott A. Menn, Urszula T. Iwaniec, Russell T. Turner
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(4): 1980.     CrossRef
  • Obesity, diabetes and risk of bone fragility: How BMAT behavior is affected by metabolic disturbances and its influence on bone health
    Gregório Corrêa Guimarães, João Bosco Costa Coelho, João Gabriel Oliveira Silva, Ana Carolina Chalfun de Sant’Ana, Cássia Alves Carrilho de Sá, Júlia Marques Moreno, Lívia Marçal Reis, Camila Souza de Oliveira Guimarães
    Osteoporosis International.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Association among Current Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Regular Exercise, and Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot: Nationwide Population-Based Study
Yoon Jae Lee, Kyung-Do Han, Jun Hyeok Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):770-780.   Published online October 12, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1519
  • 3,095 View
  • 196 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The present study investigates whether modifiable behavioral factors of current cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and regular exercise are associated with risk of lower extremity amputation (LEA) in diabetic patients.
Methods
A total of 2,644,440 diabetic patients (aged ≥20 years) was analyzed using the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the behavioral factors with risk of LEA under adjustment for potential confounders.
Results
The risk of LEA was significantly increased by current cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol consumption (HR, 1.436; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.367 to 1.508 and HR, 1.082; 95% CI, 1.011 to 1.158) but significantly decreased with regular exercise (HR, 0.745; 95% CI, 0.706 to 0.786) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, low income, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body mass index, using insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs, and diabetic duration. A synergistically increased risk of LEA was observed with larger number of risky behaviors.
Conclusion
Modification of behaviors of current smoking, heavy alcohol intake, and exercise prevents LEA and can improve physical, emotional, and social quality of life in diabetic patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Adjuvant effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A case series
    Rita de Cassia Ferreira, Rebeca Boltes Cecatto, Silvana Torres Perez, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita‐Ferrari, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Cinthya Cosme Duran, Anna Carolina Tempestini Horliana, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
    Journal of Biophotonics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with diabetic foot ulcers and lower limb amputations in type 1 and type 2 diabetes supported by real‐world data from the German/Austrian DPV registry
    Alexander J. Eckert, Stefan Zimny, Marcus Altmeier, Ana Dugic, Anton Gillessen, Latife Bozkurt, Gabriele Götz, Wolfram Karges, Frank J. Wosch, Stephan Kress, Reinhard W. Holl
    Journal of Diabetes.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Investigating Diabetic Foot Pathophysiology and Amputation Prevention Strategies through Behavioral Modification
    Jun Hyeok Kim
    Journal of Wound Management and Research.2023; 19(3): 167.     CrossRef
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Review Articles
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Exercise/Resistance Training and Muscle Stem Cells
So-ichiro Fukada, Ayasa Nakamura
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):737-744.   Published online August 10, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.401
  • 4,932 View
  • 250 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Skeletal muscle has attracted attention as endocrine organ, because exercise-dependent cytokines called myokines/exerkines are released from skeletal muscle and are involved in systemic functions. While, local mechanical loading to skeletal muscle by exercise or resistance training alters myofiber type and size and myonuclear number. Skeletal muscle-resident stem cells, known as muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), are responsible for the increased number of myonuclei. Under steady conditions, MuSCs are maintained in a mitotically quiescent state but exit from that state and start to proliferate in response to high physical activity. Alterations in MuSC behavior occur when myofibers are damaged, but the lethal damage to myofibers does not seem to evoke mechanical loading-dependent MuSC activation and proliferation. Given that MuSCs proliferate without damage, it is unclear how the different behaviors of MuSCs are controlled by different physical activities. Recent studies demonstrated that myonuclear number reflects the size of myofibers; hence, it is crucial to know the properties of MuSCs and the mechanism of myonuclear accretion by MuSCs. In addition, the elucidation of mechanical load-dependent changes in muscle resident cells, including MuSCs, will be necessary for the discovery of new myokines/exerkines and understating skeletal muscle diseases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Control of muscle satellite cell function by specific exercise‐induced cytokines and their applications in muscle maintenance
    Qian Guo, Qing Luo, Guanbin Song
    Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Resistance exercise preconditioning prevents disuse muscle atrophy by inhibiting apoptosis and protein degradation via SESN2 in C57BL/6J mice
    Yating Huang, Chenxin Jiang, Xiuru Li, Sujuan Liu, Yanmei Niu, Li Fu
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease.2024; 1870(4): 167111.     CrossRef
  • Anthropometric, muscle and serum myokine levels effects of physical exercise with an online platform in female patients with obesity
    David Primo, Olatz Izaola, Juan Jose Lopez Gomez, Daniel de Luis
    Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición.2023; 70(7): 484.     CrossRef
  • Anthropometric, muscle and serum myokine levels effects of physical exercise with an online platform in female patients with obesity
    David Primo, Olatz Izaola, Juan Jose Lopez Gomez, Daniel de Luis
    Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed.).2023; 70(7): 484.     CrossRef
  • The muscle stem cell niche at a glance
    Margaret Hung, Hsiao-Fan Lo, Grace E. L. Jones, Robert S. Krauss
    Journal of Cell Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors
    Hamed Alizadeh Pahlavani
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular mechanisms of exercise contributing to tissue regeneration
    Jibao Chen, Ren Zhou, Ye Feng, Lin Cheng
    Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Miscellaneous
Sarcopenia and Muscle Aging: A Brief Overview
Tam Dao, Alexander E. Green, Yun A Kim, Sung-Jin Bae, Ki-Tae Ha, Karim Gariani, Mi-ra Lee, Keir J. Menzies, Dongryeol Ryu
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):716-732.   Published online December 23, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.405
  • 21,864 View
  • 1,238 Download
  • 72 Web of Science
  • 76 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The world is facing the new challenges of an aging population, and understanding the process of aging has therefore become one of the most important global concerns. Sarcopenia is a condition which is defined by the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age. In research and clinical practice, sarcopenia is recognized as a component of geriatric disease and is a current target for drug development. In this review we define this condition and provide an overview of current therapeutic approaches. We further highlight recent findings that describe key pathophysiological phenotypes of this condition, including alterations in muscle fiber types, mitochondrial function, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism, myokines, and gut microbiota, in aged muscle compared to young muscle or healthy aged muscle. The last part of this review examines new therapeutic avenues for promising treatment targets. There is still no accepted therapy for sarcopenia in humans. Here we provide a brief review of the current state of research derived from various mouse models or human samples that provide novel routes for the development of effective therapeutics to maintain muscle health during aging.

Citations

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    James W. Daily, Sunmin Park
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  • The Hunt Is On! In Pursuit of the Ideal Stem Cell Population for Cartilage Regeneration
    T. Mark Campbell, F. Jeffrey Dilworth, David S. Allan, Guy Trudel
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  • Decreased Serum Level of Sclerostin in Older Adults with Sarcopenia
    Seong Hee Ahn, Hee-Won Jung, Eunju Lee, Ji Yeon Baek, Il-Young Jang, So Jeong Park, Jin Young Lee, Eunah Choi, Yun Sun Lee, Seongbin Hong, Beom-Jun Kim
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  • Effects of Muscles on Bone Metabolism—with a Focus on Myokines
    Beom-Jun Kim
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  • Sclerostin as a Putative Myokine in Sarcopenia
    Hyon-Seung Yi
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(3): 430.     CrossRef
  • Slc12a8 in the lateral hypothalamus maintains energy metabolism and skeletal muscle functions during aging
    Naoki Ito, Ai Takatsu, Hiromi Ito, Yuka Koike, Kiyoshi Yoshioka, Yasutomi Kamei, Shin-ichiro Imai
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  • Restoration of NAD+homeostasis protects C2C12 myoblasts and mouse levator ani muscle from mechanical stress-induced damage
    Guotao Huang, Yong He, Li Hong, Min Zhou, Xiaohu Zuo, Zhihan Zhao
    Animal Cells and Systems.2022; 26(4): 192.     CrossRef
  • Machine learning-featured Secretogranin V is a circulating diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic adenocarcinomas associated with adipopenia
    Yunju Jo, Min-Kyung Yeo, Tam Dao, Jeongho Kwon, Hyon‐Seung Yi, Dongryeol Ryu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and Verification of a Combined Diagnostic Model for Sarcopenia with Random Forest and Artificial Neural Network
    Shangjin Lin, Cong Chen, Xiaoxi Cai, Fengjian Yang, Yongqian Fan, Rajesh Kaluri
    Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Bronchial Asthma and Sarcopenia: An Upcoming Potential Interaction
    Nikolaos D. Karakousis, Ourania S. Kotsiou, Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(10): 1556.     CrossRef
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Close layer
Bone Metabolism
Effects of Resistance Exercise on Bone Health
A Ram Hong, Sang Wan Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(4):435-444.   Published online November 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.4.435
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   

The prevalence of chronic diseases including osteoporosis and sarcopenia increases as the population ages. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are commonly associated with genetics, mechanical factors, and hormonal factors and primarily associated with aging. Many older populations, particularly those with frailty, are likely to have concurrent osteoporosis and sarcopenia, further increasing their risk of disease-related complications. Because bones and muscles are closely interconnected by anatomy, metabolic profile, and chemical components, a diagnosis should be considered for both sarcopenia and osteoporosis, which may be treated with optimal therapeutic interventions eliciting pleiotropic effects on both bones and muscles. Exercise training has been recommended as a promising therapeutic strategy to encounter the loss of bone and muscle mass due to osteosarcopenia. To stimulate the osteogenic effects for bone mass accretion, bone tissues must be exposed to mechanical load exceeding those experienced during daily living activities. Of the several exercise training programs, resistance exercise (RE) is known to be highly beneficial for the preservation of bone and muscle mass. This review summarizes the mechanisms of RE for the preservation of bone and muscle mass and supports the clinical evidences for the use of RE as a therapeutic option in osteosarcopenia.

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Close layer
Obesity and Metabolism
Connecting Myokines and Metabolism
Rexford S. Ahima, Hyeong-Kyu Park
Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(3):235-245.   Published online August 4, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.3.235
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

Skeletal muscle is the largest organ of the body in non-obese individuals and is now considered to be an endocrine organ. Hormones (myokines) secreted by skeletal muscle mediate communications between muscle and liver, adipose tissue, brain, and other organs. Myokines affect muscle mass and myofiber switching, and have profound effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation, thus contributing to energy homeostasis and the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes, and other diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the biology of myokines and provide an assessment of their potential as therapeutic targets.

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Original Articles
Physiological Parameters in the Blood of a Murine Stress-Induced Depression Model before and after Repeated Passive Exercise
Tae-Kyung Kim, Jin-Young Park, Pyung-Lim Han
Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(3):371-380.   Published online January 5, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.3.371
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Animal models are necessary to study the mechanism underlying the effects of exercise on depression but an effective procedure for exercise treatment and exercise effects on physiological parameters in a specific depression model need to be characterized.

Methods

Physiological parameters including lactate, partial pressue of O2 (pO2) and CO2 (pCO2) saturated O2 (sO2), pH, HCO3, total CO2 (TCO2), and base excess extracellular fluid (BEecf) levels in the blood were measured after treatment with passive exercise in normal mice and a stress-induced depression model.

Results

Normal mice or mice that were subjected to daily 2-hour restraint for 14 days (2 hours×14 days of restraint) were placed on a running wheel that was rotating at a speed of 9 m/min for 1 hour per day for 1 to 21 days. After repeated exercise in mice that were previously subjected to 2 hours×14 days restraint, plasma lactate levels decreased, the levels of pO2, sO2, and pH tended to increase, and the levels of pCO2 decreased in the absence of significant changes in HCO3, TCO2, and BEecf. However, none of these changes were additive to the stress effects or were much more severe than those induced after repeated passive exercise in normal mice.

Conclusion

These results suggest that passive exercise for 1 hour daily for 14 to 21 consecutive days on a running wheel rotating at a speed of 9 m/min may be used as an exercise protocol without inducing severe additive effects on physiological burdens.

Citations

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  • VTA-projecting cerebellar neurons mediate stress-dependent depression-like behaviors
    Soo Ji Baek, Jin Sung Park, Jinhyun Kim, Yukio Yamamoto, Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto
    eLife.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Blood and affective markers of stress in Elite Airmen during a preparatory training course: A pilot study
    S.T. Jenz, C.D. Goodyear, P.R. TSgt Graves, S. Goldstein, M.R. Shia, E.E. Redei
    Neurobiology of Stress.2021; 14: 100323.     CrossRef
  • Aggravated mucosal and immune damage in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis with stress
    Yanxia Gong, Wei Niu, Yanping Tang, Qingyu Zhang, Simiao Liu, Xi Liu, Xiao Wang, Yang Xu
    Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • G9a-Mediated Regulation of OXT and AVP Expression in the Basolateral Amygdala Mediates Stress-Induced Lasting Behavioral Depression and Its Reversal by Exercise
    Tae-Kyung Kim, Jung-Eun Lee, Ji-Eun Kim, Jin-Young Park, Juli Choi, Hannah Kim, Eun-Hwa Lee, Pyung-Lim Han
    Molecular Neurobiology.2016; 53(5): 2843.     CrossRef
  • Can Exercise Make You Smarter, Happier, and Have More Neurons? A Hormetic Perspective
    Simona Gradari, Anna Pallé, Kerry R. McGreevy, Ángela Fontán-Lozano, José L. Trejo
    Frontiers in Neuroscience.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jang Won Son
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(3): 270.     CrossRef
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    Tae-Kyung Kim, Ji-Eun Kim, Jin-Young Park, Jung-Eun Lee, Juli Choi, Hannah Kim, Eun-Hwa Lee, Seung-Woo Kim, Ja-Kyeong Lee, Hyun-Sik Kang, Pyung-Lim Han
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The Effect of Fenofibrate and Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome and Hepatic Steatosis in OLETF Rats.
Kyung II Lee, Ji Min Kim, Ja Young Park, Ja Won Kim, Ji Young Mok, Mi Kyoung Park, Hye Jeong Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Wenjun Li, Duk Kyu Kim
J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(3):192-202.   Published online June 1, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.3.192
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to verify the effects of fenofibrate monotherapy and fenofibrate combined with exercise for improving metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis. METHODS: Thirty-four weeks old OLETF rats (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats, n = 20) were divided four groups: the regular diet group (n = 5, DD group), the exercise group (n = 5, DE group), the fenofibrate (100 mg/kg) treated group (n = 5, DF group) and the combination treatment group {fenofibrate and exercise (n = 5, EF group)}. After 5 weeks of treatment, blood was drawn for measuring the blood glucose, insulin, lipid and leptin levels. All the subjects were sacrificed for assessment of their body adiposity and hepatic steatosis. RESULTS: The total amount of food intake, body weight and total body weight of the rat were significantly decreased in the EF and DF groups compared to the DD group. The plasma triglyceride and glucose levels were significantly decreased in the EF and DF groups compared to the DD group. The HOMA-IR of EF, DF and DE groups were significantly decreased compared with that of the DD group. The plasma leptin levels of the EF and DF groups were significantly decreased compared with those of the DD and DE groups. The hepatic steatosis index was significantly decreased in the EF and DF groups compared to the DD and DE groups. CONCLUSION: Fenofibrate monotherapy was effective to control three major components (obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia) of metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis in OLETF rats. Exercise combined with fenofibrate treatment showed an additional effect compared to that of fenofibrate monotherapy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of Fenofibrate and Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome and Hepatic Steatosis
    Bong Soo Cha, Jae Hyuk Lee
    Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2007; 22(3): 188.     CrossRef
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