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Review Article
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- Update from the 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Thyroid Tumors: A Standardized Diagnostic Approach
- Chan Kwon Jung, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo
- Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):703-718. Published online October 4, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1553
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Abstract
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ePub - The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) histologic classification of thyroid neoplasms released in 2022 includes newly recognized tumor types, subtypes, and a grading system. Follicular cell-derived neoplasms are categorized into three families (classes): benign tumors, low-risk neoplasms, and malignant neoplasms. The terms “follicular nodular disease” and “differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma” are introduced to account for multifocal hyperplastic/neoplastic lesions and differentiated thyroid carcinomas with high-grade features, respectively. The term “Hürthle cells” is replaced with “oncocytic cells.” Invasive encapsulated follicular and cribriform morular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are now redefined as distinct tumor types, given their different genetic alterations and clinicopathologic characteristics from other PTC subtypes. The term “variant” to describe a subclass of tumor has been replaced with the term “subtype.” Instead, the term “variant” is reserved to describe genetic alterations. A histologic grading system based on the mitotic count, necrosis, and/or the Ki67 index is used to identify high-grade follicular-cell derived carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas. The 2022 WHO classification introduces the following new categories: “salivary gland-type carcinomas of the thyroid” and “thyroid tumors of uncertain histogenesis.” This review summarizes the major changes in the 2022 WHO classification and their clinical relevance.
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Cytopathology.2024; 35(3): 383. CrossRef - Aggressive Primary Thyroid Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma with Extensive Pulmonary Involvement
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Biomedicines.2024; 12(2): 285. CrossRef - Unravelling the role of long non-coding RNAs in modulating the Hedgehog pathway in cancer
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Romanian Journal of Military Medicine.2024; 127(6): 428. CrossRef - Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer: Emerging Opportunities from Non-Coding RNAs and Mitochondrial Space
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(12): 6719. CrossRef - Estrogen-related receptor alpha promotes thyroid tumor cell survival via a tumor subtype-specific regulation of target gene networks
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Oncogene.2024; 43(31): 2431. CrossRef - Utilizing Immunoglobulin G4 Immunohistochemistry for Risk Stratification in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated with Hashimoto Thyroiditis
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(3): 468. CrossRef - The Role of SPECT/CT and PET/CT Hybrid Imaging in the Management of Ectopic Thyroid Carcinoma—A Systematic Review
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Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Solitär fibröser Tumor in einem follikulären Adenom der Schilddrüse
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International Journal of General Medicine.2024; Volume 17: 5123. CrossRef - The role of elastography in determining the risk of malignant thyroid nodules in children
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Oncology Research.2024; 32(9): 1467. CrossRef - Update on C-Cell Neuroendocrine Neoplasm: Prognostic and Predictive Histopathologic and Molecular Features of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Endocrine Pathology.2023; 34(2): 247. CrossRef - Ultrasound evolution of parenchymal changes in the thyroid gland with autoimmune thyroiditis in children prior to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma – a follow-up study
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Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Papillary thyroid carcinoma with aggressive fused follicular and solid growth pattern: A unique histological subtype with high‐grade malignancy?
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Biomedicines.2023; 11(4): 1217. CrossRef - Molecular Genetics of Diffuse Sclerosing Papillary Thyroid Cancer
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International Journal of Nanomedicine.2023; Volume 18: 2275. CrossRef - Utilizing Dynamic Risk Stratification in Patients With Tall Cell Variant Papillary Thyroid Cancer
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Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Single Institute Experience
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Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2023; 75(4): 2884. CrossRef - FNAC (Fine needle aspiration cytology) and histopathological correlation and reclassification of thyroid neoplasm in accordance with WHO classification 2022
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Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology.2023; 10(2): 132. CrossRef - Papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with non‑functioning parathyroid carcinoma with Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland: A case report and brief literature review
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Medicine International.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Warthin-like papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report and comprehensive review of the literature
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Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Reevaluating diagnostic categories and associated malignancy risks in thyroid core needle biopsy
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Cancer Science.2023; 114(10): 4114. CrossRef - Cytology and Histology of Thyroid Nodules: Exploring Novel Insights in the Molecular Era for Enhanced Patient Management
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Oncology Letters.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Analysis of Pathological Features of Thyroid Carcinoma in the Western Yunnan
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Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Identification of NIFTP-Specific mRNA Markers for Reliable Molecular Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumors
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Endocrine Pathology.2023; 34(3): 311. CrossRef - Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Expression in Oncocytic Thyroid Neoplasms: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment
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Hormone and Metabolic Research.2023; 55(12): 855. CrossRef - Sentinel lymph node mapping: current applications and future perspectives in thyroid carcinoma
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Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Utility of the Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in the Differential Diagnosis of Follicular-Patterned Lesions of the Thyroid on Cytopathologic and Histopathologic Samples
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Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - The Asian Thyroid Working Group, from 2017 to 2023
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Special Article
- Adrenal gland
- Diagnosis for Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: A Joint Position Statement of the Korean Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Task Force
- Eu Jeong Ku, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Chang Ho Ahn, Kyung Ae Lee, Seung Hun Lee, You-Bin Lee, Kyeong Hye Park, Yun Mi Choi, Namki Hong, A Ram Hong, Sang-Wook Kang, Byung Kwan Park, Moon-Woo Seong, Myungshin Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Chan Kwon Jung, Young Seok Cho, Jin Chul Paeng, Jae Hyeon Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Yumie Rhee, Chong Hwa Kim, Eun Jig Lee
- Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):322-338. Published online April 6, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.908
- 20,862 View
- 919 Download
- 15 Web of Science
- 20 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDFPubReader ePub
- Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGLs) are rare catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors but can be life-threatening. Although most PPGLs are benign, approximately 10% have metastatic potential. Approximately 40% cases are reported as harboring germline mutations. Therefore, timely and accurate diagnosis of PPGLs is crucial. For more than 130 years, clinical, molecular, biochemical, radiological, and pathological investigations have been rapidly advanced in the field of PPGLs. However, performing diagnostic studies to localize lesions and detect metastatic potential can be still challenging and complicated. Furthermore, great progress on genetics has shifted the paradigm of genetic testing of PPGLs. The Korean PPGL task force team consisting of the Korean Endocrine Society, the Korean Surgical Society, the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine, the Korean Society of Pathologists, and the Korean Society of Laboratory Medicine has developed this position statement focusing on the comprehensive and updated diagnosis for PPGLs.
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Review Articles
- Thyroid
- Updates in the Pathologic Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms: A Review of the World Health Organization Classification
- Yanhua Bai, Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung
- Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):696-715. Published online December 2, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.807
- 29,833 View
- 1,560 Download
- 63 Web of Science
- 68 Crossref
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Abstract
PDFPubReader ePub
- Advances in medical sciences and evidence-based medicine have led to momentous changes in classification and management of thyroid neoplasms. Much progress has been made toward avoiding overdiagnosis and overtreatment of thyroid cancers. The new 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of thyroid neoplasms updated the diagnostic criteria and molecular and genetic characteristics reflecting the biology and behavior of the tumors, and newly introduced the category of borderline malignancy or uncertain malignant potential. Some neoplasms were subclassified, renamed, or redefined as a specific entity. This review introduces changes in the fourth edition WHO classification of thyroid tumors and updates the contemporary diagnosis and classification of thyroid tumors. We also discuss several challenges with the proposal of new diagnostic entities, since they have unique histopathologic and molecular features and clinical relevance.
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- Recent Advances in Core Needle Biopsy for Thyroid Nodules
- Chan Kwon Jung, Jung Hwan Baek
- Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(4):407-412. Published online December 14, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.407
- 10,549 View
- 116 Download
- 32 Web of Science
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Abstract
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Core needle biopsy (CNB) was introduced as an alternative diagnostic tool to fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and is increasingly being used in the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules. CNB provides a definitive diagnosis in most cases, but it sometimes may be inconclusive. CNB has the advantage of enabling a histologic examination in relation to the surrounding thyroid tissue, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing that can provide a more accurate assessment than FNA in selected cases. Nevertheless, CNB should be performed only by experienced experts in thyroid interventions to prevent complications because CNB needles are larger in caliber than FNA needles. As recent evidence has accumulated, and with improvements in the technique and devices for thyroid CNB, the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology released its 2016 thyroid CNB guidelines and the Korean Endocrine Pathology Thyroid Core Needle Biopsy Study Group published a consensus statement on the pathology reporting system for thyroid CNB in 2015. This review presents the current consensus and recommendations regarding thyroid CNB, focusing on indications, complications, and pathologic classification and reporting.
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