Endocrinology and Metabolism

Review Article

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Innovative Lipid-Lowering Strategies: RNA-Based, Small Molecule, and Protein-Based Therapies: Youngwoo Jang, Eun-Jung Rhee, Sung Hee Choi; Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(5):668-686. Published online October 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2691

3,071 View
150 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Dyslipidemia remains a central modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). While 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, as well as ezetimibe, fibrates, and omega-3 fatty acids have established roles in lipid lowering, significant residual risk persists in many patients due to insufficient low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction, elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and genetically determined elevations of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)). Recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in therapeutic modalities, including next-generation small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, protein-based infusions, and ribonucleic acid (RNA)–based strategies. These agents target diverse pathways such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3), apolipoprotein C-III, apolipoprotein B, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and Lp(a), achieving potent lipid modulation with improved convenience and safety. Clinical outcome trials have validated bempedoic acid, PCSK9 inhibitors, and icosapent ethyl, while large-scale programs are ongoing for obicetrapib, oral PCSK9 inhibitors, Lp(a)-targeted oligonucleotides, and ANGPTL3-directed RNA therapeutics. This review summarizes the mechanisms, pivotal trials, and clinical implications of innovative lipid-lowering therapies, highlighting how they may reshape future treatment algorithms for ASCVD prevention.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Angiopoietin-like Protein 3 (ANGPTL3) Targeting in the Management of Dyslipidemias
Constantine E. Kosmas, Loukianos S. Rallidis, Ioannis Hoursalas, Evangelia J. Papakonstantinou, Christina E. Kostara
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(2): 921. CrossRef

Original Article

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Safety and Effectiveness of Pravastatin in Korean Patients with Dyslipidemia Based on the Cardiovascular Risk Classification: Pooled Analysis of Four Observational Studies: In-Kyung Jeong, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Dae Jung Kim, Sin Gon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(4):598-609. Published online April 15, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2200

3,589 View
125 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
Despite their efficacy, statin-related adverse events (AEs) may interfere with statin treatment and contribute to negative outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of pravastatin in Korea.
Methods
Pooled data were collected from four multicenter prospective observational studies conducted in Korea between 2011 and 2020. Finally, 7,334 and 2,022 participants were included in the safety and effectiveness analyses, respectively. Overall safety, particularly muscle-related, incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM), changes in fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c level, achievement of target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, and changes in LDL-C level were analyzed.
Results
At week 24, after 20 or 40 mg pravastatin treatment, safety results showed that AEs and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were 8.7% and 1.3%, respectively, and that muscle-related AEs and ADRs were 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference in risk factors for statin-associated muscle symptoms. No patients developed DM during the study period. Additionally, at week 24, the achievement rates of target LDL-C levels were 87.9%, 78.4%, 57.8%, and 11.6% in low-, moderate-, high-, and very high-risk groups, respectively.
Conclusion
This study found that 20 or 40 mg pravastatin had minimal side effects and was safe for use in real-world clinical settings in Korea. Specifically, these doses effectively achieved the target LDL-C levels in patients with dyslipidemia in low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These results demonstrate that pravastatin can be safely administered continuously to patients with low-, moderate-, and high-risk ASCVD in a real-world clinical setting.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Head-to-head comparison of visceral adiposity indices (A Body Shape Index and Visceral Adiposity Index) with traditional anthropometrics: a community-based strategy for cardiovascular risk prediction in urban China
Guoliang Ma, Wenyan Wang, Lin Zhu, Wenting Li, Zhuanzhuan Fan, Weiyi Zhong, Wenjing Zang, Xin Hong, Kun Li
BMJ Open.2025; 15(12): e102918. CrossRef

Review Article

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Lipoprotein Lipase: Is It a Magic Target for the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia: Joon Ho Moon, Kyuho Kim, Sung Hee Choi; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):575-586. Published online August 29, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.402

49,553 View
872 Download
42 Web of Science
39 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

High levels of triglycerides (TG) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) confer a residual risk of cardiovascular disease after optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)–lowering therapy. Consensus has been made that LDL-C is a non-arguable primary target for lipid lowering treatment, but the optimization of TGRL for reducing the remnant risk of cardiovascular diseases is urged. Omega-3 fatty acids and fibrates are used to reduce TG levels, but many patients still have high TG and TGRL levels combined with low high-density lipoprotein concentration that need to be ideally treated. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key regulator for TGs that hydrolyzes TGs to glycerol and free fatty acids in lipoprotein particles for lipid storage and consumption in peripheral organs. A deeper understanding of human genetics has enabled the identification of proteins regulating the LPL activity, which include the apolipoproteins and angiopoietin-like families. Novel therapeutic approach such as antisense oligonucleotides and monoclonal antibodies that regulate TGs have been developed in recent decades. In this article, we focus on the biology of LPL and its modulators and review recent clinical application, including genetic studies and clinical trials of novel therapeutics. Optimization of LPL activity to lower TG levels could eventually reduce incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in conjunction with successful LDL-C reduction.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Relationship Between Remnant Cholesterol and Visceral Adipose Tissue: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Zhaoxiang Wang, Shao Zhong, Menghuan Wu, Xuejing Shao, Tian Gu, Mengjiao Xu, Qichao Yang
Hormone and Metabolic Research.2025; 57(01): 47. CrossRef
Current and Emerging Treatment Options for Hypertriglyceridemia: State-of-the-Art Review
Jakub Michal Zimodro, Manfredi Rizzo, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
Pharmaceuticals.2025; 18(2): 147. CrossRef
Insights into Causal Associations of Lipid Traits and Lipid-modifying Drug Targets with Uric Acid and Risk of Gout
Chenfeng Zou, Bei Yang, Jiaying Zhang, Yuying Zhang, Dewei Ye, Hanyu Zhu, Tao Bai, Guozhi Jiang
Phenomics.2025; 5(4): 374. CrossRef
Associations of intra‐pancreatic fat deposition with triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins and lipoprotein lipase
Yutong Liu, Loren Skudder‐Hill, Wandia Kimita, Xiatiguli Shamaitijiang, Ivana R. Sequeira‐Bisson, Maxim S. Petrov
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2025; 27(6): 3233. CrossRef
Association between atherogenic index of plasma level and cardiovascular events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: The sleep heart health study
Lixia Wang, Xinjie Hui, Rong Huang, Yi Xiao
Sleep Medicine.2025; 129: 375. CrossRef
HDL-Cholesterol and Triglycerides Dynamics: Essential Players in Metabolic Syndrome
Sebastià Alcover, Lisaidy Ramos-Regalado, Gabriela Girón, Natàlia Muñoz-García, Gemma Vilahur
Antioxidants.2025; 14(4): 434. CrossRef
The Role of Calcium Ions in Restoring Lipase Activity of Recombinant Human Lipoprotein Lipase Expressed in Bacteria
Chong Lee Ng, Theam Soon Lim, Yee Siew Choong
Molecular Biotechnology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Culture Reveals Novel Differentiation Potential of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells
Hye Jeong Lee, Le Na Lau, Sharanbir K. Sidhu, Joo-Young Park, In-Sung Luke Yeo
Prosthesis.2025; 7(3): 52. CrossRef
Serum metabolomics in women with major depressive disorder: Associations with mitochondrial function, inflammation, and oxidative stress
Ellen Bisle, Sven-Bastiaan Haange, Roberto Rojas, Alexander Behnke, Alexander Karabatsiakis, Anja Gumpp, Matthias Mack, Rezan Nehir Mavioglu, Sabine Lutz-Bonengel, Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk, Andreas Mielcarek, Martin von Bergen, Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
Psychiatry Research.2025; 351: 116569. CrossRef
Evaluating the impact of lipids in isolated islet research
Emelien M. Jentz, Jamie W. Joseph
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between triglyceride–glucose index and abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women
Xiaoyuan Sun, Xiaoyan He, Linhua Wang, Fengmei Wang, Yue Yang
Medicine.2025; 104(36): e44204. CrossRef
Time-Restricted Eating, ANGPTL4, and Reduction in Residual Cardiovascular Risk
Alejandro Gugliucci
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(19): 7026. CrossRef
Triglycerides, Glucose Metabolism, and Type 2 Diabetes
Yutang Wang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(20): 9910. CrossRef
Innovative Lipid-Lowering Strategies: RNA-Based, Small Molecule, and Protein-Based Therapies
Youngwoo Jang, Eun-Jung Rhee, Sung Hee Choi
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(5): 668. CrossRef
Maternal dietary fibre intake results in sex-specific single-cell molecular changes in the heart of the offspring
Chaoran Yang, Hamdi A. Jama, Malathi S.I. Dona, Gabriella E. Farrugia, Crisdion Krstevski, Charles D. Cohen, Alexander R. Pinto, Francine Z. Marques
Clinical Science.2025; 139(22): 1527. CrossRef
Managing dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive overview of evidence and recommendations
Ji Yoon Kim, Suk Min Chung, Nam Hoon Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 40(6): 876. CrossRef
Utilizing sweet basil hydrodistillation by-products to boost soybean oil stability and combat induced-hyperlipidemia
Amani Tayebi, Youssef Rbah, Mohammadine Moumou, Abderrahmane Hadini, Thamer Aljutaily, Hani A. Alfheeaid, Raed Alayouni, Khadija S. Radhi, Hassan Barakat, Dragan Milenkovic, Souliman Amrani, Hicham Harnafi
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The chylomicron saga: time to focus on postprandial metabolism
Alejandro Gugliucci
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Sanghuangporus vaninii extract ameliorates hyperlipidemia in rats by mechanisms identified with transcriptome analysis
Ning Gao, Yuanzhen Liu, Guangjie Liu, Bo Liu, Yupeng Cheng
Food Science & Nutrition.2024; 12(5): 3360. CrossRef
Targeting host-specific metabolic pathways—opportunities and challenges for anti-infective therapy
Monika I. Konaklieva, Balbina J. Plotkin
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024
Harold Edward Bays, Carol Kirkpatrick, Kevin C. Maki, Peter P. Toth, Ryan T. Morgan, Justin Tondt, Sandra Michelle Christensen, Dave Dixon, Terry A. Jacobson
Obesity Pillars.2024; 10: 100108. CrossRef
Role of Fenofibrate Use in Dyslipidemia and Related Comorbidities in the Asian Population: A Narrative Review
Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Sin Gon Kim, Yu-Cheng Chang
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(2): 184. CrossRef
Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone, regulates lipid metabolism by modulating the LXRα/RXR-ANGPTL3-LPL axis in hepatic cell lines and high-fat diet-fed zebrafish models
Wan-Yun Gao, Pei-Yi Chen, Hao-Jen Hsu, Je-Wen Liou, Chia-Ling Wu, Ming-Jiuan Wu, Jui-Hung Yen
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 174: 116598. CrossRef
Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024
Harold Edward Bays, Carol F. Kirkpatrick, Kevin C. Maki, Peter P. Toth, Ryan T. Morgan, Justin Tondt, Sandra Michelle Christensen, Dave L. Dixon, Terry A. Jacobson
Journal of Clinical Lipidology.2024; 18(3): e320. CrossRef
Factors associated with treatment responses to pioglitazone in patients with steatotic liver disease: A 3‐year prospective cohort study
Ming‐Ling Chang, Jennifer Tai, Jur‐Shan Cheng, Wei‐Ting Chen, Sien‐Sing Yang, Cheng‐Hsun Chiu, Rong‐Nan Chien
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(7): 2969. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of omega‐3‐acid ethyl acetate 90 capsules in severe hypertriglyceridemia: A randomized, controlled, multicenter study
Wang Zhao, Yangang Wang, Jin Li, Tao Chen, Delu Yin, Hailong Dai, Zhuhua Yao, Shuiping Zhao
Lipids.2024; 59(5): 145. CrossRef
Lipoprotein lipase as a target for obesity/diabetes related cardiovascular disease
Rui Shang, Brian Rodrigues
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Targeting Apolipoprotein C-III for the Management of Severe Hypertriglyceridemia: Current Research and Future Directions
Mili Shah, Abisheikh Sharma, Mohammed Ayyad, Ethan Swartz, Danyaal Jafrani, Dhir Gala
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Angiopoietin-like Proteins and Lipoprotein Lipase: The Waltz Partners That Govern Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism? Impact on Atherogenesis, Dietary Interventions, and Emerging Therapies
Alejandro Gugliucci
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(17): 5229. CrossRef
Proteo-genomic analyses in relatively lean Chinese adults identify proteins and pathways that affect general and central adiposity levels
Andri Iona, Pang Yao, Alfred Pozarickij, Christiana Kartsonaki, Saredo Said, Neil Wright, Kuang Lin, Iona Millwood, Hannah Fry, Mohsen Mazidi, Baihan Wang, Yiping Chen, Huaidong Du, Ling Yang, Daniel Avery, Dan Schmidt, Dianjianyi Sun, Pei Pei, Jun Lv, Ca
Communications Biology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Pathways Linking High-Fat Diet and PM2.5 Exposure to Metabolically Abnormal Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sagrario Lobato, Víctor Manuel Salomón-Soto, Claudia Magaly Espinosa-Méndez, María Nancy Herrera-Moreno, Beatriz García-Solano, Ernestina Pérez-González, Facundo Comba-Marcó-del-Pont, Mireya Montesano-Villamil, Marco Antonio Mora-Ramírez, Claudia Mancilla
Biomolecules.2024; 14(12): 1607. CrossRef
High producer variant of lipoprotein lipase may protect from hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-associated cirrhosis
Franziska Schmalz, Janett Fischer, Hamish Innes, Stephan Buch, Christine Möller, Madlen Matz-Soja, Witigo von Schönfels, Benjamin Krämer, Bettina Langhans, Alexandra Klüners, Michael Soyka, Felix Stickel, Jacob Nattermann, Christian P. Strassburg, Thomas
JHEP Reports.2023; 5(4): 100684. CrossRef
Measurement of Serum Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triglyceride-Rich Remnant Cholesterol as Independent Predictors of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Possibilities and Limitations
Dieter Lütjohann, Hans-Ulrich Klör, Frans Stellaard
Nutrients.2023; 15(9): 2202. CrossRef
Influence of antipsychotic medications on hyperlipidemia risk in patients with schizophrenia: evidence from a population-based cohort study and in vitro hepatic lipid homeostasis gene expression
Tien-Yuan Wu, Ni Tien, Cheng-Li Lin, Yu-Cun Cheah, Chung Y. Hsu, Fuu-Jen Tsai, Yi-Jen Fang, Yun-Ping Lim
Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism: Key Regulators of Their Flux
Alejandro Gugliucci
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(13): 4399. CrossRef
Sugar and Dyslipidemia: A Double-Hit, Perfect Storm
Alejandro Gugliucci
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(17): 5660. CrossRef
Dyslipidemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Updated Overview
Sang Heon Suh, Soo Wan Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 612. CrossRef
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Elena Valeria Fuior, Evangelia Zvintzou, Theodosios Filippatos, Katerina Giannatou, Victoria Mparnia, Maya Simionescu, Anca Violeta Gafencu, Kyriakos E. Kypreos
Biomedicines.2023; 11(10): 2696. CrossRef
Developing a model to predict the early risk of hypertriglyceridemia based on inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL): a translational study
Julia Hernandez-Baixauli, Gertruda Chomiciute, Juan María Alcaide-Hidalgo, Anna Crescenti, Laura Baselga-Escudero, Hector Palacios-Jordan, Elisabet Foguet-Romero, Anna Pedret, Rosa M. Valls, Rosa Solà, Miquel Mulero, Josep M. Del Bas
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Phenotypes with the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Mortality: A Cohort Study in Korea: Ga Eun Nam, Youn Huh, Jin-Hyung Jung, Kyungdo Han, Seon Mee Kim, on Behalf of the Taskforce Team of the Obesity Fact Sheet of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):261-271. Published online April 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1259

6,998 View
166 Download
7 Web of Science
7 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
We investigated whether low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and isolated and non-isolated low HDL-C levels are associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality among Korean adults.
Methods
We included 8,665,841 individuals aged ≥20 years who had undergone a health examination provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in 2009 and were followed up until the end of 2018. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for study outcomes were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.
Results
During the 8.2 years of mean follow-up, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and all-cause mortality occurred in 81,431, 110,996, and 244,309 individuals, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables (model 3), individuals with low HDL-C and lower HDL quartiles were associated with significantly increased risks of all three outcomes, compared to those with normal HDL-C and highest HDL-C quartile (all P<0.001), respectively. HRs for incident MI (1.28; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.30), stroke (1.13; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.15), and all-cause mortality (1.07; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.08) increased in the non-isolated low HDL-C group compared to the normal HDL-C group. Isolated low HDL-C also showed an increase in the HRs of incident stroke (1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.08) and all-cause mortality (1.30; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.32).
Conclusion
Low HDL-C and non-isolated low HDL-C were associated with increased risk of MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality, and isolated low HDL-C was associated with incident stroke and all-cause mortality risk.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cardiovascular Complications, Kidney Failure, and Mortality in Young-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Data From the Korean National Health Insurance Service
Sung Eun Kim, Kyungdo Han, Won Kyoung Cho, Byung-Kyu Suh
Diabetes Care.2025; 48(3): 422. CrossRef
Linking Lipid Profile to Stress Urinary Incontinence in US Women: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Mingjing Lu, Yingshan Zhang, Qian Yang, Jinfa Huang, Kaixian Deng
International Journal of Women's Health.2025; Volume 17: 1631. CrossRef
Serum albumin combined with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a novel marker to predict coronary heart disease: are their associations multiplicative or rateable?
Li He, Sisi Chen, Xuan Zhu, Fang He
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association Between Platelet to High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity in Middle‐Aged and Elderly Chinese Hypertensive Patients
Yang Zheng, Yubing Huang, Haitao Li
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between HDL levels and stroke outcomes in the Arab population
Aizaz Ali, Omar Obaid, Naveed Akhtar, Rahul Rao, Syed Haroon Tora, Ashfaq Shuaib
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of adiposity and fitness with triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in youth
Danladi Ibrahim Musa, Abel Lamina Toriola, Nurudeen O Abubakar, Sunday Omachi, Victor B Olowoleni, Kolade B Ayodele
Annals of Pediatric Cardiology.2023; 16(3): 194. CrossRef
Association between cholesterol levels and dementia risk according to the presence of diabetes and statin use: a nationwide cohort study
You-Bin Lee, Min Young Kim, Kyungdo Han, Bongsung Kim, Jiyun Park, Gyuri Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang-Man Jin
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Thyroid Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Repeated Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Nationwide Population- Based Study in Korea: Jinyoung Kim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):303-311. Published online April 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1332

9,622 View
188 Download
17 Web of Science
17 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) plays an important role in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway and prevents atherosclerosis-mediated disease. It has also been suggested that HDL-C may be a protective factor against cancer. However, an inverse correlation between HDL-C and cancer has not been established, and few studies have explored thyroid cancer.
Methods
The study participants received health checkups provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2009 to 2013 and were followed until 2019. Considering the variability of serum HDL-C level, low HDL-C level was analyzed by grouping based on four consecutive health checkups. The data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models.
Results
A total of 3,134,278 total study participants, thyroid cancer occurred in 16,129. In the crude model, the hazard ratios for the association between repeatedly measured low HDL-C levels and thyroid cancer were 1.243, 1.404, 1.486, and 1.680 (P for trend <0.01), respectively, which were significant even after adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle factors, and metabolic diseases. The subgroup analysis revealed that low HDL-C levels likely had a greater impact on the group of patients with central obesity (P for interaction= 0.062), high blood pressure (P for interaction=0.057), impaired fasting glucose (P for interaction=0.051), and hyperlipidemia (P for interaction=0.126).
Conclusion
Repeatedly measured low HDL-C levels can be considered a risk factor for cancer as well as vascular disease. Low HDL-C levels were associated with the risk of thyroid cancer, and this correlation was stronger in a metabolically unhealthy population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Ocular motor cranial neuropathy and risk of thyroid cancer: A Korean population-based study
Jaeryung Kim, Kyung-Ah Park, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Sei Yeul Oh, Soolienah Rhiu, Xing Xiong,
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0319872. CrossRef
Association between serum lipid and papillary thyroid cancer: a retrospective study in China
Zike Zhang, Xingyu Lan, Long You, Dongsheng Han, Hui Tang, Ying Zhao, Xiao Hu
PeerJ.2025; 13: e19644. CrossRef
Association between total cholesterol levels and all-cause mortality among newly diagnosed patients with cancer
Seohyun Kim, Gyuri Kim, So Hyun Cho, Rosa Oh, Ji Yoon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between organophosphate flame retardant exposure and lipid metabolism: data from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Fu-Jen Cheng, Kai-Fan Tsai, Kuo-Chen Huang, Chia-Te Kung, Wan-Ting Huang, Huey-Ling You, Shau-Hsuan Li, Chin-Chou Wang, Wen-Chin Lee, Hsiu-Yung Pan
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Low serum total cholesterol levels predict inferior prognosis of patients with POEMS syndrome
Jue Zhang, Ting Zhang, Ye Yao, Xuxing Shen, Yuanyuan Jin, Run Zhang, Lijuan Chen
Discover Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Lipoprotein alterations in endocrine disorders - a review of the recent developments in the field
Michal Olejarz, Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska, Marek Ruchala
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations Between Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes and Pathological Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Xiuyun Li, Xiujuan Zhang, Li Sun, Lulu Yang, Qihang Li, Zhixiang Wang, Yafei Wu, Ling Gao, Jiajun Zhao, Qingling Guo, Meng Zhou
Endocrine Practice.2024; 30(7): 624. CrossRef
Analysis of risk factors for papillary thyroid carcinoma and the association with thyroid function indicators
Jianning Liu, Zhuoying Feng, Ru Gao, Peng Liu, Fangang Meng, Lijun Fan, Lixiang Liu, Yang Du
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Apolipoprotein Biomarkers in Blood and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: Findings from the AMORIS Cohort
Xue Xiao, Yi Huang, Fetemeh Sadeghi, Maria Feychting, Niklas Hammar, Fang Fang, Zhe Zhang, Qianwei Liu
Cancers.2023; 15(2): 520. CrossRef
Altered serum lipid levels are associated with prognosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma and influenced by utility of rituximab
Fei Wang, Luo Lu, HuiJuan Chen, Yanhua Yue, Yanting Sun, Feng Yan, Bai He, Rongrong Lin, Weiying Gu
Annals of Hematology.2023; 102(2): 393. CrossRef
Big Data Research in the Field of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database
Sun Wook Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Han Seok Choi, Hwa Young Ahn, Mee Kyoung Kim, Eun Jung Rhee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 10. CrossRef
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and carcinogenesis
Meijuan Tan, Shijie Yang, Xiequn Xu
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 34(5): 303. CrossRef
Low Serum Cholesterol Level Is a Significant Prognostic Factor That Improves CLL-IPI in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Rui Gao, Kaixin Du, Jinhua Liang, Yi Xia, Jiazhu Wu, Yue Li, Bihui Pan, Li Wang, Jianyong Li, Wei Xu
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(8): 7396. CrossRef
Do metabolic factors increase the risk of thyroid cancer? a Mendelian randomization study
Weiwei Liang, FangFang Sun
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of causal association between differentiated thyroid cancer and disordered serum lipid profile: a Mendelian randomization study
Qiang Ma, Yu Li, Lijuan An, Liang Guo, Xiaokang Liu
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors and diagnostic prediction models for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Xiaowen Zhang, Yuyang Ze, Jianfeng Sang, Xianbiao Shi, Yan Bi, Shanmei Shen, Xinlin Zhang, Dalong Zhu
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Exposure to multiple trace elements and thyroid cancer risk in Chinese adults: A case-control study
Jia-liu He, Hua-bing Wu, Wen-lei Hu, Jian-jun Liu, Qian Zhang, Wei Xiao, Ming-jun Hu, Ming Wu, Fen Huang
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2022; 246: 114049. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Lower High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration Is Independently Associated with Greater Future Accumulation of Intra-Abdominal Fat: Sun Ok Song, You-Cheol Hwang, Han Uk Ryu, Steven E. Kahn, Donna L. Leonetti, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Edward J. Boyko; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):835-844. Published online August 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1130

9,306 View
132 Download
4 Web of Science
5 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
Both intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are known to be associated with cardiometabolic health. We evaluated whether the accumulation of computed tomography (CT)-measured IAF over 5 years was related to baseline HDL-C concentration in a prospective cohort study.
Methods
All participants were Japanese-Americans between the ages of 34 and 74 years. Plasma HDL-C concentration and CT measurements of IAF, abdominal subcutaneous fat (SCF), and thigh SCF cross-sectional areas were assessed at baseline and at 5-year follow-up visits.
Results
A total of 397 subjects without diabetes were included. The mean±standard deviation HDL-C concentration was 51.6±13.0 mg/dL in men and 66.0±17.0 mg/dL in women, and the IAF was 91.9±48.4 cm² in men and 63.1±39.5 cm² in women. The baseline plasma concentration of HDL-C was inversely associated with the change in IAF over 5 years using multivariable regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, family history of diabetes, weight change over 5 years, and baseline measurements of body mass index, IAF, abdominal SCF, abdominal circumference, thigh SCF, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that HDL-C concentration significantly predicts future accumulation of IAF over 5 years independent of age, sex, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in Japanese-American men and women without diabetes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

HDL-C and visceral adipose tissue as combined predictors of visceral fat changes following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Yilan Sun, Liang Wang, Guangyi Zhu, Xiyuan Chen, Dongbo Lian, Nengwei Zhang, Guangzhong Xu
BMC Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Visceral Fat Area and Subcutaneous Fat Area Increase in Hyperthyroidism Patients After Treatment—A Single-Group Repeated-Measures Trial
Mengnan Li, Xifeng Yang, Ru Li, Baofeng Wu, Jinxuan Hao, Yijie Qi, Tao Bai, Luyang Yang, Yi Zhang, Yunfeng Liu
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 2165. CrossRef
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness with HDL and LDL Levels in Overweight Female Student
Amilia Yuni Damayanti, Fatimah Fatimah, Lulu’ Luthfiya, Afina Deni Kusumadiastuti
Amerta Nutrition.2023; 7(2SP): 13. CrossRef
Fenofibrate add-on to statin treatment is associated with low all-cause death and cardiovascular disease in the general population with high triglyceride levels
Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
Metabolism.2022; 137: 155327. CrossRef
The associations between lipid profiles and visceral obesity among gastrointestinal cancer patients: a cross-sectional study
Bo Gao, Xiangrui Li, Wenqing Chen, Shu’an Wang, Jian He, Yu Liu, Chao Ding, Xiaotian Chen
Lipids in Health and Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Adrenal Gland
Lipid Profiles in Primary Aldosteronism Compared with Essential Hypertension: Propensity-Score Matching Study: Sun Joon Moon, Han Na Jang, Jung Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):885-894. Published online August 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1012

6,218 View
160 Download
10 Web of Science
9 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
There has been controversy regarding the association between primary aldosteronism (PA) and dyslipidemia and few studies considered the effects of diabetes and renal function on lipid metabolism. We analyzed lipid profiles of PA patients and compared them to propensity-score (PS)-matched essential hypertension (EH) patients adjusting for glycemic status and renal function.
Methods
Patients who were diagnosed with PA using a saline-infusion test at Seoul National University Hospital from 2000 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. EH patients who had aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) results were selected as controls. Covariates, including diabetes, were PS-matched for patients with PA, lateralized PA, non-lateralized PA, and high ARR to EH patients, respectively.
Results
Among a total of 80 PA and 80 EH patients, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly lower in the PA patients than in the EH patients (least-squares mean±standard error: 185.5±4.4 mg/dL vs. 196.2±4.4 mg/dL, P=0.047, for TC; and 132.3±11.5 mg/dL vs. 157.4±11.4 mg/dL, P=0.035, for TG) in fully adjusted model (adjusting for multiple covariates, including diabetes status, glycosylated hemoglobin level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate). There were no significant differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels between the two groups. According to increments in aldosterone levels, an increasing tendency of HDL-C and decreasing tendencies of TG and non-HDL-C were observed.
Conclusion
PA patients had lower TC and TG levels than EH patients, independent of glycemic status and renal function.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Targeting cholesterol-dependent adrenal steroidogenesis for management of primary aldosteronism
Hao Wu, Hongbo He, Tong Han, Xiaoyu Tian, Zhiming Zhu
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.2025; 36(9): 789. CrossRef
The association between aldosterone and lipid profiles in patients with primary aldosteronism
Ning-Peng Liang, Kun-Rui Rao, Ming Hu, Ru-Yi Bao, Jian-Wei Liu, Ze-Qun Lai, Hong-Jin Zhang, Huang Zhang, Meng-Bo Wu, Xiang-Tao Zhang, Yi-Fei Dong
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Plasma Aldosterone Concentration With Early Renal Injury Biomarkers in Primary Aldosteronism: A Propensity‐Matched Comparative Study
Hai‐Long Liu, Qing‐Tian Zeng, Yuan‐Yuan Xu, Xiang‐Tao Zhang, Ning Li, Ning‐Peng Liang, Yi‐Fei Dong
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic Accuracy of 24‐Hour Urinary Aldosterone for Primary Aldosteronism in Northeast China
Kaiwen Sun, Minghui Gong, Yang Yu, Minghui Yang, Yinong Jiang, Ying Zhang, Wei Song
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of saline infusion test and captopril challenge test in the diagnosis of Chinese with primary aldosteronism in different age groups
Kaiwen Sun, Minghui Gong, Yang Yu, Minghui Yang, Ying Zhang, Yinong Jiang, Wei Song
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Kaiwen Sun, Chenxu Zhou, Minghui Gong, Ying Zhang, Yinong Jiang, Wei Song
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2024; 26(8): 879. CrossRef
Meta‐analysis of blood parameters related to lipid and glucose metabolism between two subtypes of primary aldosteronism
Qiu‐Gen Zhu, Feng Zhu
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2023; 25(1): 13. CrossRef
2023 Korean Endocrine Society Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Aldosteronism
Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 597. CrossRef
The differences of serum lipid profiles between primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Worapaka Manosroi, Pitchaporn Phudphong, Pichitchai Atthakomol, Mattabhorn Phimphilai
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Clinical Study
Efficacy and Safety of Pitavastatin in a Real-World Setting: Observational Study Evaluating SaFety in Patient Treated with Pitavastatin in Korea (PROOF Study): In-Kyung Jeong, Sung-Rae Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):882-891. Published online December 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.723

15,513 View
346 Download
2 Web of Science
4 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
While randomized controlled trials provide useful information about drug safety and efficacy, they do not always reflect the observed results in the real world. The prospective, observational, non-comparative trial in South Korea was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin in clinical practice in 28,343 patients.
Methods
This study was conducted in 893 facilities in Korea from April 2, 2012 to April 1, 2017. This study was designed to administer 1, 2, or 4 mg pitavastatin to patients with hyperlipidemia at the age of 20 or older for at least 8 weeks.
Results
For 126 days of mean duration of administration of pitavastatin, the % change of low density lipoprotein cholesterol indicated a dose dependent reduction: –23.4%, –29.1%, and –35.2% in the 1, 2, and 4 mg groups, respectively in patients who have not been treated with lipid lowering medications prior to study. Only 1.74% (492/28,343) of pitavastatin-treated patients experienced adverse events, of which 0.43% (123/28,343) were adverse drug reactions. Less than 1% of patients experienced the grade 2 or more toxicity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03) in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum creatinine, and serum creatine phosphokinase. Although there were no rhabdomyolysis in 28,343 patients, 0.04% of patients had been reported pitavastatin-related musculoskeletal disorders.
Conclusion
Overall, this observational study showed that pitavastatin was well tolerated and effectively modified the lipid profile, reducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk in Korean patients with hypercholesterolemia in the real world.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pitavastatin in Dyslipidemia: Vietnam Case
Nam Xuan Vo, Hanh Thi My Nguyen, Nhat Manh Phan, Huong Lai Pham, Tan Trong Bui, Tien Thuy Bui
Healthcare.2025; 13(19): 2494. CrossRef
Systematic Review on Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Safety of Pitavastatin in Dyslipidemia in Asia
Nam Xuan Vo, Huong Lai Pham, Tan Trong Bui, Tien Thuy Bui
Healthcare.2024; 13(1): 59. CrossRef
Polymorphic form K of Pitavastatin calcium: an advance in stability and pharmaceutical applications
Renan Marcel Bonilha Dezena
Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal.2024; 12(5): 191. CrossRef
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level, Statin Use and Myocardial Infarction Risk in Young Adults
Heekyoung Jeong, Kyungdo Han, Soon Jib Yoo, Mee Kyoung Kim
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2022; 11(3): 288. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Achievement of LDL-C Targets Defined by ESC/EAS (2011) Guidelines in Risk-Stratified Korean Patients with Dyslipidemia Receiving Lipid-Modifying Treatments: Ye Seul Yang, Seo Young Lee, Jung-Sun Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Kang Wook Lee, Sang-Chol Lee, Jung Rae Cho, Seung-Jin Oh, Ji-Hyun Kim, Sung Hee Choi; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):367-376. Published online June 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.367

11,796 View
175 Download
9 Web of Science
10 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
This study assessed the proportion of risk-stratified Korean patients with dyslipidemia achieving their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets as defined by the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) (2011) guidelines while receiving lipid-modifying treatments (LMTs).
Methods
In this multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study, we evaluated data from Korean patients aged ≥19 years who were receiving LMTs for ≥3 months and had an LDL-C value within the previous 12 months on the same LMT. Data were collected for demographics, cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, medical history, and healthcare consumption. Patients were risk-stratified according to the ESC Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) chart and LDL-C target achievement rate was assessed.
Results
Guideline-based risk-stratification of the 1,034 patients showed the majority (72.2%) to be in the very high-risk category. Investigators’ assessment of risk was underestimated in 71.6% compared to ESC/EAS guidelines. Overall LDL-C target achievement rate was 44.3%; target achievement was the highest (66.0%) in moderate-risk patients and the lowest (39.0%) in very high-risk patients. Overall 97.1% patients were receiving statin therapy, mostly as a single-agent (89.2%). High-intensity statins and the highest permissible dose of high-intensity statins had been prescribed to only 9.1% and 7.3% patients in the very high-risk group, respectively. Physician satisfaction with patients’ LDL-C levels was the primary reason for non-intensification of statin therapy.
Conclusion
Achievement of target LDL-C level is suboptimal in Korean patients with dyslipidemia, especially in those at very high-risk of CV events. Current practices in LMTs need to be improved based on precise CV risk evaluation posed by dyslipidemia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of statin use on serum creatinine phosphokinase levels in normal thyroid function
Jeonghoon Ha, Joonyub Lee, Jin Yu, Hakyoung Park, Jiwon Shinn, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Hun-Sung Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(4): 650. CrossRef
Lipid Management in Korean People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2023; 12(1): 12. CrossRef
Lipid Management in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 1. CrossRef
Bempedoic Acid for Lipid Management in the Indian Population: An Expert Opinion
Jagdish Hiremath, J C Mohan, Prakash Hazra, JP S Sawhney, Ashwani Mehta, Sadanand Shetty, Abraham Oomman, Mahesh K Shah, Ganapathi Bantwal, Rajeev Agarwal, Rajiv Karnik, Peeyush Jain, Saumitra Ray, Sambit Das, Vibhuti Jadhao, Sachin Suryawanshi, Hanmant B
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Optimal implementation of the 2019 ESC/EAS dyslipidaemia guidelines in patients with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease across Europe: a simulation based on the DA VINCI study
Julia Brandts, Sarah Bray, Guillermo Villa, Alberico L. Catapano, Neil R. Poulter, Antonio J. Vallejo-Vaz, Kausik K. Ray
The Lancet Regional Health - Europe.2023; 31: 100665. CrossRef
Management of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Kyung Ae Lee
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(3): 111. CrossRef
Target Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Secondary Prevention for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
Ju Hyeon Kim, Jung-Joon Cha, Subin Lim, Jungseok An, Mi-Na Kim, Soon Jun Hong, Hyung Joon Joo, Jae Hyoung Park, Cheol Woong Yu, Do-Sun Lim, Kyeongmin Byeon, Sang-Wook Kim, Eun-Seok Shin, Kwang Soo Cha, Jei Keon Chae, Youngkeun Ahn, Myung Ho Jeong, Tae Hoo
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(9): 2650. CrossRef
Current Status of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Achievement in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea Compared with Recent Guidelines
Soo Jin Yun, In-Kyung Jeong, Jin-Hye Cha, Juneyoung Lee, Ho Chan Cho, Sung Hee Choi, SungWan Chun, Hyun Jeong Jeon, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sang Soo Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Gwanpyo Koh, Su Kyoung Kwon, Jae Hyuk Lee, Min Kyong Moon, Junghyun Noh, Cheol-Young Park, Sung
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(3): 464. CrossRef
There is urgent need to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk earlier, more intensively, and with greater precision: A review of current practice and recommendations for improved effectiveness
Michael E. Makover, Michael D. Shapiro, Peter P. Toth
American Journal of Preventive Cardiology.2022; 12: 100371. CrossRef
Non-achievement of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goal in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and a Very High Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Multicenter Study in Vietnam
Huan Thanh Nguyen, Khang Pham Trong Ha, An Huu Nguyen, Thu Thanh Nguyen, Hang My Lam
Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2021; 25(4): 278. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Effects of a Portfolio-Mediterranean Diet and a Mediterranean Diet with or without a Sterol-Enriched Yogurt in Individuals with Hypercholesterolemia: Yvelise Ferro, Elisa Mazza, Mariantonietta Salvati, Emma Santariga, Salvatore Giampà, Rocco Spagnuolo, Patrizia Doldo, Roberta Pujia, Adriana Coppola, Carmine Gazzaruso, Arturo Pujia, Tiziana Montalcini; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):298-307. Published online June 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.298

12,720 View
198 Download
6 Web of Science
7 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
A growing number of functional foods have been proposed to reduce cholesterol levels and the Portfolio Diet, which includes a combination of plant sterols, fibres, nuts, and soy protein, reduces low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from 20% to 30% in individuals with hyperlipidaemia. In this pilot study, the aim was to investigate whether a Mediterranean Diet incorporating a new and simple combination of cholesterol-lowering foods, excluding soy and nuts (namely the Portfolio-Mediterranean Diet), would reduce LDL-C levels, in the short-term, better than a Mediterranean Diet plus a sterol-enriched yogurt or a Mediterranean Diet alone.
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 24 individuals on a Portfolio-Mediterranean Diet and 48 matched individuals on a Mediterranean Diet with or without a sterol-enriched yogurt (24 each groups) as controls.
Results
At follow-up (after 48±12 days), we observed an LDL reduction of 21±4, 23±4, and 44±4 mg/dL in the Mediterranean Diet alone, Mediterranean Diet plus yogurt and Portfolio-Mediterranean Diet respectively (P<0.001).
Conclusion
A Portfolio-Mediterranean Diet, incorporating a new combination of functional foods such as oats or barley, plant sterols, chitosan, and green tea but not soy and nuts, may reduce LDL of 25% in the short term in individuals with hypercholesterolemia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of phytosterols on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Yanhong Yang, Jiayue Xia, Tingqing Yu, Shiyun Wan, Yajie Zhou, Guiju Sun
Phytotherapy Research.2025; 39(1): 3. CrossRef
Telomere dynamics in ageing – the impact of a healthy lifestyle on modulating telomere length
Miruna-Maria Apetroaei, Artistidis Tsatsakis, Persefoni Fragkiadaki, Stella Baliou, Ana Maria Vlăsceanu, Doina Drăgănescu, Denisa Udeanu, Andreea Letiţia Arsene
Farmacist.ro.2024; 4(219): 21. CrossRef
Intrinsic and environmental basis of aging: A narrative review
Carla Navarro, Juan Salazar, María P. Díaz, Maricarmen Chacin, Raquel Santeliz, Ivana Vera, Luis D′Marco, Heliana Parra, Mary Carlota Bernal, Ana Castro, Daniel Escalona, Henry García-Pacheco, Valmore Bermúdez
Heliyon.2023; 9(8): e18239. CrossRef
Application of small angle X‐ray scattering in exploring the effect of edible oils with different unsaturation FAs on bioaccessibility of stigmasterol oleate
Ying Wang, Tao Wang, Zhangtie Wang, Yiwen Guo, Ruijie Liu, Ming Chang
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.2023; 103(15): 7764. CrossRef
Phyto-Enrichment of Yogurt to Control Hypercholesterolemia: A Functional Approach
Harsh Kumar, Kanchan Bhardwaj, Natália Cruz-Martins, Ruchi Sharma, Shahida Anusha Siddiqui, Daljeet Singh Dhanjal, Reena Singh, Chirag Chopra, Adriana Dantas, Rachna Verma, Noura S. Dosoky, Dinesh Kumar
Molecules.2022; 27(11): 3479. CrossRef
Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Its Current Diagnostics and Treatment Possibilities: A Literature Analysis
Kristina Zubielienė, Gintarė Valterytė, Neda Jonaitienė, Diana Žaliaduonytė, Vytautas Zabiela
Medicina.2022; 58(11): 1665. CrossRef
Mediterranean Diet a Potential Strategy against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review
Yvelise Ferro, Roberta Pujia, Samantha Maurotti, Giada Boragina, Angela Mirarchi, Patrizia Gnagnarella, Elisa Mazza
Medicina.2021; 57(12): 1389. CrossRef

Efficacy of Fluvastatin in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia.: Moon Ho Kang, Sung Gwang Lee, Jung Ho Youn, Tae Suk Kim, Seung Woon Ahn; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1996;11(1):75-84. Published online November 7, 2019

1,790 View
29 Download

Abstract PDF: Background
Fluvastatin is the first entirely synthetic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Clinical data indicate that this agent exhibits the proven efficacy of its class and also has some theoretical advantages in safety for long-term use because of its unique pharmacololgic property consistent with hepatoselectivity(i.e., low systemic exposure). This study is to evaluate efficacy and safety of fluvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients in Korea. Methods: An open clinical trial with fluvastatin was conducted in 31 subjects who continued to have high blood cholesterol levels of 6.21 mmol/L(240 mg/dl) or greater after 1 month of lipid-lowering diet plus single blind placebo period. Fluvastatin was administered for 8 weeks with the initial dose of 20 mg per day and if serum cholesterol levels did not fall below 5.20 mmol/L(200 mg/dl) after 4 weeks the dose was increased to 40 mg per day for the second 4 weeks. On each visit every 4 weeks they underwent interview and laboratory tests about side effects and tolerability. Results: The mean % changes in plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol from baseline were -14.6% and -20.2% at 4 week, and -19.5% and -24.7% at 8 week respectively(p<0.001). No significant change in plasma triglyceride was found in the overall group, but when analysis is confined to those with hypertriglycedemia combined(TG>- 2.26 mmol/L or 200 mg/dl), plasma triglyceride levels were significantly reduced by 23.3% at 8 week(p<0.05). There was no significant change in HDL-cholesterol during fluvastatin treatment. Three patients had mild gastrointestinal symptoms and one patient developed drowsiness, no symptoms were severe enough to discontinue the medication. Notable laboratory abnormalities including serum transaminase and creatine kinase elevations were not observed. Conclusion: This study suggests that fluvastatin is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated lipid lowering agent in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Controlled clinical studies on large scale and long-term basis should be followed.

Review Articles

The Role of Macrophage Lipophagy in Reverse Cholesterol Transport: Se-Jin Jeong, Mi-Ni Lee, Goo Taeg Oh; Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(1):41-46. Published online March 20, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.1.41

9,456 View
107 Download
37 Web of Science
42 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader

Macrophage cholesterol efflux is a central step in reverse cholesterol transport, which helps to maintain cholesterol homeostasis and to reduce atherosclerosis. Lipophagy has recently been identified as a new step in cholesterol ester hydrolysis that regulates cholesterol efflux, since it mobilizes cholesterol from lipid droplets of macrophages via autophagy and lysosomes. In this review, we briefly discuss recent advances regarding the mechanisms of the cholesterol efflux pathway in macrophage foam cells, and present lipophagy as a therapeutic target in the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sex-specific transcriptional regulation in lung macrophages during sub-acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Dhanya Dhanyalayam, Hariprasad Thangavel, Kezia Lizardo, Jigar V. Desai, Jyothi F. Nagajyothi, Prabagaran Narayanasamy
Microbiology Spectrum.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Tianxiangdan suppresses foam cell formation by enhancing lipophagy and reduces the progression of atherosclerosis
Ya-jie Zhang, Huan He, Guligena Sawuer, Xue-kuan Ma, Zulihumaer Ainiwaer, Dan-dan Wu, Xia-xia Zhang, Dong-qing An
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal.2025; 61(3): 298. CrossRef
Cellular stress and macrophage activation
Jing Yu, Bin-Zhi Qian
Seminars in Immunology.2025; 78: 101953. CrossRef
The converging roles of microRNAs and lipid metabolism in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer
Sandra Vladimirov, Marija Tomasevic, Nemanja Popov, Jelena Munjas, David de Gonzalo-Calvo, Miron Sopic
Seminars in Cancer Biology.2025; 114: 41. CrossRef
ApoA1-driven cholesterol efflux and macrophage polarization orchestrate T-cell differentiation towards controlling Leishmania donovani pathogenesis
Vikash Kumar, Dayakar Alti, Shobha Kumari, Ravi Ranjan, Divya Prasad, Veer Singh, Abhik Sen, Pradeep Das, Krishna Pandey, Ashish Kumar
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO, 18 kDa): A key multifunctional molecule in liver diseases
Yuchang Li, Liting Chen, Vassilios Papadopoulos
Biochimie.2024; 224: 91. CrossRef
Bile salt signaling and bile salt-based therapies in cardiometabolic disease
Claire C.J. Groenen, Thuc-Anh Nguyen, Coen C. Paulusma, Stan F.J. van de Graaf
Clinical Science.2024; 138(1): 1. CrossRef
Insights into the role of FGF21 in coronary heart disease
Qin-Yao Zhang, Hui-Xin Liu
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 282: 136911. CrossRef
Mechanistic insights into the regression of atherosclerotic plaques
Jianshu Song, Ce Cao, Ziyan Wang, Haoran Li, Lili Yang, Jing Kang, Hongxu Meng, Lei Li, Jianxun Liu
Frontiers in Physiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Huazhuotongmai decoction exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects by modulating the expression of ABCA1/SR-B1/PPAR-γ in vivo and in vitro
Ya-ru Yan, Zi-jun Jia, Ya Wang, Feng-qin Xu, Qing-bing Zhou
Phytomedicine Plus.2023; 3(2): 100436. CrossRef
The SGLT2 Inhibitor Canagliflozin Reduces Atherosclerosis by Enhancing Macrophage Autophagy
Hongping Chen, Da Teng, Bowen Xu, Chunxiao Wang, Hua Wang, Wenjuan Jia, Lei Gong, Haibin Dong, Lin Zhong, Jun Yang
Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research.2023; 16(5): 999. CrossRef
FURIN suppresses the progression of atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage autophagy
Hongping Chen, Lihui Zhang, Shaohua Mi, Hua Wang, Chunxiao Wang, Wenjuan Jia, Lei Gong, Haibin Dong, Bowen Xu, Yanyan Jing, Peipei Ge, Zhigang Pei, Lin Zhong, Jun Yang
The FASEB Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Unbalanced Redox With Autophagy in Cardiovascular Disease
Se-Jin Jeong, Goo Taeg Oh
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2023; 12(2): 132. CrossRef
Edible Bird’s Nest Effectively Attenuates Atherosclerosis through Modulation of Cholesterol Metabolism via Activation of PPARγ/LXRα Signaling Pathway In Vivo
Nurul Nadiah Mohamad Nasir, Ramlah Mohamad Ibrahim, Rozi Mahmud, Nor Asma Ab Razak, Norsharina Ismail, Kim Wei Chan, Md Zuki Abu Bakar, Akhilesh K. Verma
Journal of Food Biochemistry.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
The Differential Metabolomes in Cumulus and Mural Granulosa Cells from Human Preovulatory Follicles
Er-Meng Gao, Bongkoch Turathum, Ling Wang, Di Zhang, Yu-Bing Liu, Rong-Xin Tang, Ri-Cheng Chian
Reproductive Sciences.2022; 29(4): 1343. CrossRef
PHLPP1 promotes neutral lipid accumulation through AMPK/ChREBP-dependent lipid uptake and fatty acid synthesis pathways
Keerthana Balamurugan, Raghavender Medishetti, Jyothi Kotha, Parameshwar Behera, Kanika Chandra, Vijay Aditya Mavuduru, Manjunath B. Joshi, Ramesh Samineni, Madhumohan R. Katika, Writoban Basu Ball, Manjunatha Thondamal, Anil Challa, Kiranam Chatti, Kisho
iScience.2022; 25(2): 103766. CrossRef
Hydrochloride Berberine ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating inflammation and lipid metabolism
Xiumei Ke, Ruoyu Zhang, Pan Li, Ling Zuo, Meng Wang, Junxuan Yang, Jianwei Wang
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2022; 610: 49. CrossRef
Metabolic Regulation of Macrophage Activation
Ourania Kolliniati, Eleftheria Ieronymaki, Eleni Vergadi, Christos Tsatsanis
Journal of Innate Immunity.2022; 14(1): 51. CrossRef
Emerging Roles of Lipophagy in Cancer Metastasis
Haimeng Yin, Ying Shan, Tian Xia, Yan Ji, Ling Yuan, Yiwen You, Bo You
Cancers.2022; 14(18): 4526. CrossRef
Genetic Factors for Coronary Heart Disease and Their Mechanisms: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review of Common Variants from Genome-Wide Association Studies
Khairul Anwar Zarkasi, Noraidatulakma Abdullah, Nor Azian Abdul Murad, Norfazilah Ahmad, Rahman Jamal
Diagnostics.2022; 12(10): 2561. CrossRef
Caveolin-1 in autophagy: A potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis
Kai Hou, Shuai Li, Meng Zhang, Xuping Qin
Clinica Chimica Acta.2021; 513: 25. CrossRef
Contradictory regulation of macrophages on atherosclerosis based on polarization, death and autophagy
Jing Zhang, Chuan-Rui Ma, Yun-Qing Hua, Lan Li, Jing-Yu Ni, Yu-Ting Huang, Sophia Esi Duncan, Sheng Li, Shan Gao, Guan-Wei Fan
Life Sciences.2021; 276: 118957. CrossRef
A meta-analysis of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and concentration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Binbin Xie, Jiang He, Yong Liu, Ting Liu, Chaoqun Liu
Lipids in Health and Disease.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Rosmarinic Acid Increases Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux through Regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in Different Mechanisms
Jean-Baptiste Nyandwi, Young Shin Ko, Hana Jin, Seung Pil Yun, Sang Won Park, Hye Jung Kim
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(16): 8791. CrossRef
FGF21 induces autophagy‐mediated cholesterol efflux to inhibit atherogenesis via RACK1 up‐regulation
Lin Xiaolong, Guo Dongmin, Mihua Liu, Wang Zuo, Hu Huijun, Tan Qiufen, Hu XueMei, Lin Wensheng, Pan Yuping, Lin Jun, Zeng Zhaolin
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.2020; 24(9): 4992. CrossRef
Lipophagy in atherosclerosis
Qing Liu, Yuan-Mei Wang, Hong-Feng Gu
Clinica Chimica Acta.2020; 511: 208. CrossRef
Lysosomotropic Features and Autophagy Modulators among Medical Drugs: Evaluation of Their Role in Pathologies
Tatiana A. Korolenko, Thomas P. Johnston, Vaclav Vetvicka
Molecules.2020; 25(21): 5052. CrossRef
LncRNA MALAT1 Enhances ox-LDL-Induced Autophagy through the SIRT1/MAPK/NF-κB Pathway in Macrophages
Jiaqi Yang, Xuze Lin , Liangshan Wang, Tienan Sun, Qi Zhao, Qian Ma, Yujie Zhou
Current Vascular Pharmacology.2020; 18(6): 652. CrossRef
Autophagy in chronic stress induced atherosclerosis
Na Li, Ru-Xin Zhang, Xue-Jiao Xie, Hong-Feng Gu
Clinica Chimica Acta.2020; 503: 70. CrossRef
CTRP13 inhibits atherosclerosis via autophagy‐lysosome‐dependent degradation of CD36
Cheng Wang, Wenjing Xu, Minglu Liang, Dan Huang, Kai Huang
The FASEB Journal.2019; 33(2): 2290. CrossRef
Subclinical atherosclerosis and its progression are modulated by PLIN2 through a feed‐forward loop between LXR and autophagy
P. Saliba‐Gustafsson, M. Pedrelli, K. Gertow, O. Werngren, V. Janas, S. Pourteymour, D. Baldassarre, E. Tremoli, F. Veglia, R. Rauramaa, A.J. Smit, P. Giral, S. Kurl, M. Pirro, U. de Faire, S.E. Humphries, A. Hamsten, I. Gonçalves, M. Orho‐Melander, A. Fr
Journal of Internal Medicine.2019; 286(6): 660. CrossRef
PCSK9: A new participant in lipophagy in regulating atherosclerosis?
Jun Xiao, Yi-Min Deng, Xiang-Rui Liu, Jian-Ping Cao, Min Zhou, Ya-Ling Tang, Wen-Hao Xiong, Zhi-Sheng Jiang, Zhi-Han Tang, Lu-Shan Liu
Clinica Chimica Acta.2019; 495: 358. CrossRef
Autophagy-Mediated Cholesterol Trafficking Controls Steroid Production
Michael J. Texada, Alina Malita, Christian F. Christensen, Kathrine B. Dall, Nils J. Faergeman, Stanislav Nagy, Kenneth A. Halberg, Kim Rewitz
Developmental Cell.2019; 48(5): 659. CrossRef
Lipophagy in nonliver tissues and some related diseases: Pathogenic and therapeutic implications
Kebing Zhou, Pingbo Yao, Jun He, Hong Zhao
Journal of Cellular Physiology.2019; 234(6): 7938. CrossRef
Autophagy differentially regulates macrophage lipid handling depending on the lipid substrate (oleic acid vs. acetylated-LDL) and inflammatory activation state
Sapir Hadadi-Bechor, Yulia Haim, Tal Pecht, Roni Gat, Tanya Tarnovscki, Martin Gericke, Assaf Rudich
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids.2019; 1864(12): 158527. CrossRef
Autophagy and Age-Related Eye Diseases
Xue Yang, Xinan Pan, Xiaorui Zhao, Jin Luo, Mingpu Xu, Daoming Bai, Yan Hu, Xu Liu, Qiongfang Yu, Dian Gao
BioMed Research International.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Foam cell formation and cholesterol trafficking and metabolism disturbances in atherosclerosis
Alexandrina Volobueva, Dongwei Zhang, Andrey V. Grechko, Alexander N. Orekhov
Cor et Vasa.2019; 61(1): 48. CrossRef
Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation, and Loss of Hyaluronic Acid in the Human Vitreous Affected by Synchysis Scintillans
Loredana Bergandi, Oleksii A Skorokhod, Rosalba La Grotta, Evelin Schwarzer, Raffaele Nuzzi
Journal of Ophthalmology.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Programmed cell death protein 4 deficiency suppresses foam cell formation by activating autophagy in advanced glycation end‐product low‐density lipoprotein–induced macrophages
Shan Li, Guangdong Gao, Fuyun Wu, Dan Liu, Hongyan Zhao, Jing Ke, Ying Liu, Fei Li, Jian Li, Zongyun Chen, Zhiming Tang, Lei Bai, Jinxuan Zhang, Wei Zheng, Xin Chen
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry.2019; 120(5): 7689. CrossRef
Mindin deficiency in macrophages protects against foam cell formation and atherosclerosis by targeting LXR-β
Cheng Zhang, Juan-Juan Qin, Fu-Han Gong, Jing-Jing Tong, Wen-Lin Cheng, Haiping Wang, Yan Zhang, Xueyong Zhu, Zhi-Gang She, Hao Xia, Li-Hua Zhu
Clinical Science.2018; 132(11): 1199. CrossRef
LJ-1888, a selective antagonist for the A3 adenosine receptor, ameliorates the development of atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia in apolipoprotein E knock-out mice
Jong-Gil Park, Se-Jin Jeong, Jinha Yu, Gyudong Kim, Lak Shin Jeong, Goo Taeg Oh
BMB Reports.2018; 51(10): 520. CrossRef
Intracellular and Plasma Membrane Events in Cholesterol Transport and Homeostasis
Dmitry Y. Litvinov, Eugeny V. Savushkin, Alexander D. Dergunov
Journal of Lipids.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Dyslipidemia in Koreans: Jee-Sun Jeong, Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(1):30-35. Published online March 20, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.1.30

8,793 View
53 Download
23 Web of Science
26 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader

The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Koreans 30 years old and over was 19.5% in 2015 according to the Korean Nutrition and Health Examination Survey, which means that one-fifth of adults had hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in adults 30 years of age and older was 16.8% in 2015, and men had a 2-fold higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia than women (23.9% vs. 10.4%). The awareness of hypercholesterolemia in Koreans was higher in women than among men (62.4% vs. 51.4%). It increased with age; the level of awareness in participants 30 to 49 years of age (32.1% in men and 32.6% in women) was less than half of that observed among respondents ≥65 years old (77.5% in men and 78.0% in women). Regular check-ups for dyslipidemia and the active management thereof are urgent in Korean men aged 30 to 49. In women, the perimenopausal period is crucial for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidemia. Overall, improvements in awareness and treatment in the age group of 30 to 49 years in both men and women remain necessary.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between plant-based diets and the risk of coronary heart disease predicted using the Framingham Risk Score in Korean men: data from the HEXA cohort study
Khongorzul Ganbat, Bayarmaa Nasan Ulzii, Sangah Shin
Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024035. CrossRef
Association between weekend catch-up sleep and dyslipidemia among Korean workers
Ye Seul Jang, Yu Shin Park, Kyungduk Hurh, Eun-Cheol Park, Sung-In Jang
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The association between meat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in Korean men using the Framingham risk score: A prospective cohort study
Jiwon Jeong, Kyungjoon Lim, Sangah Shin
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2023; 33(6): 1158. CrossRef
New-onset dyslipidemia in adult cancer survivors from medically underserved areas: a 10-year retrospective cohort study
Yun Hwa Jung, IL Yun, Eun-Cheol Park, Sung-In Jang
BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Paradigm Shift in Dyslipidemia Management in Primary Care: A 12-Month Cohort Study
Jun Hwa Hong, Ung Jeon, Won-Yong Shin, Weon Kim, Kayeon Seong, Sang-Ho Park, Hee-dong Kim, Joong-Wha Chung, Jaehyuk Choi
Clinical Therapeutics.2022; 44(5): 698. CrossRef
Temporal trends in heart failure over 11 years in the aging Korean population: A retrospective study using the national health insurance database
Dong-Hyuk Cho, Chan Joo Lee, Jung-Woo Son, Jimi Choi, Jinseub Hwang, Byung-Su Yoo, Yajing Wang
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(12): e0279541. CrossRef
Cardiovascular risk and undertreatment of dyslipidemia in lung cancer survivors: A nationwide population-based study
In Young Cho, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin, Sang Hyun Park, Dong Woog Yoon, Sujeong Shin, Su-Min Jeong, Jong Ho Cho
Current Problems in Cancer.2021; 45(1): 100615. CrossRef
Association Between Blood Heavy Metal Concentrations and Dyslipidemia in the Elderly
Xingmeng Zhu, Yong Fan, Jie Sheng, Ling Gu, Qi Tao, Rui Huang, Kaiyong Liu, Linsheng Yang, Guimei Chen, Hongjuan Cao, Kaichun Li, Fangbiao Tao, Sufang Wang
Biological Trace Element Research.2021; 199(4): 1280. CrossRef
The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and associated risk factors in Al-Kharj population, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional survey
Jamaan Al-Zahrani, Mamdouh M. Shubair, Sameer Al-Ghamdi, Abdullah A. Alrasheed, Abdulrahman A. Alduraywish, Fayez Saud Alreshidi, Saeed Mastour Alshahrani, Majid Alsalamah, Badr F. Al-Khateeb, Aljawharah Ibraheem Ashathri, Ashraf El-Metwally, Khaled K. Al
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia among diabetes mellitus patients and predictors of optimal dyslipidemia control: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Seung Jae Kim, Oh. Deog Kwon, Kyung-Soo Kim
Lipids in Health and Disease.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Case Report of a Patient Diagnosed with Fatty Liver Accompanied by Hypertriglyceridemia
Soyoung Hur, Soyeon An, Eujin Kim, Cho-Hyun Hwang, Eungyeong Jang, Youngchul Kim, Jang-Hoon Lee
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2021; 42(2): 207. CrossRef
Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Residents of the Siberian Region (According to Epidemiological Studies)
G. V. Artamonova, S. A. Maksimov, D. P. Tsygankova, E. D. Bazdyrev, E. V. Indukaeva, T. A. Mulerova, E. B. Shapovalova, A. S. Agienko, O. V. Nakhratova, O. L. Barbarash
Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology.2021; 17(3): 362. CrossRef
Pre-existing Depression among Newly Diagnosed Dyslipidemia Patients and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Jihoon Andrew Kim, Seulggie Choi, Daein Choi, Sang Min Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(2): 307. CrossRef
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment rates in high-risk patients with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in Korea: a retrospective cohort study
Ye Seul Yang, Bo Ram Yang, Mi-Sook Kim, Yunji Hwang, Sung Hee Choi
Lipids in Health and Disease.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in ethnic Europeans and Koreans living in the Primorsky Krai
D. Yu. Bogdanov, V. A. Nevzorova, V. B. Shumatov, E. A. Kondrashova, E. Yu. Shestopalov
Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention.2020; 19(1): 40. CrossRef
Effect of Smartphone-Based Lifestyle Coaching App on Community-Dwelling Population With Moderate Metabolic Abnormalities: Randomized Controlled Trial
So Mi Jemma Cho, Jung Hyun Lee, Jee-Seon Shim, Hyungseon Yeom, Su Jin Lee, Yong Woo Jeon, Hyeon Chang Kim
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2020; 22(10): e17435. CrossRef
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in ethnic Europeans and Koreans living in the Primorsky Krai
D. Yu. Bogdanov, V. A. Nevzorova, V. B. Shumatov, E. A. Kondrashova, E. Yu. Shestopalov
Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention.2020; 19(1): 40. CrossRef
The effect of healthy Nordic diet on cardio-metabolic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie, Mohammad Mohammadi, Amin Salehi-Abargouei
European Journal of Nutrition.2019; 58(6): 2159. CrossRef
Association between Low-Intensity Smoking and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Men
Minji Park, Seran Min, Yu Jin Cho, Sunwoo Kim, Hyuktae Kwon, Hee-Kyung Joh, Bumjo Oh, Seung-Won Oh, Ho Chun Choi, Cheol Min Lee
Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2019; 10(2): 89. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in Korean patients with hypercholesterolemia and high cardiovascular risk: subanalysis of the ODYSSEY-KT study
Chang-Wook Nam, Dong-Soo Kim, Jianyong Li, Marie T. Baccara-Dinet, Ivy Li, Ji-Hyun Kim, Chong-Jin Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2019; 34(6): 1252. CrossRef
Progress of Short-term Herbal Medicine Administration for Hypertriglyceridemia: a Case Report
Bo-min Kim, Hee-geun Jo
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2019; 40(3): 517. CrossRef
Use of fenofibrate on cardiovascular outcomes in statin users with metabolic syndrome: propensity matched cohort study
Nam Hoon Kim, Ki Hoon Han, Jimi Choi, Juneyoung Lee, Sin Gon Kim
BMJ.2019; : l5125. CrossRef
The risk of herpes zoster virus infection in patients with depression
Hyo Geun Choi, Eui-Joong Kim, Young Kyung Lee, Miyoung Kim
Medicine.2019; 98(40): e17430. CrossRef
Effect of Change in Total Cholesterol Levels on Cardiovascular Disease Among Young Adults
Su‐Min Jeong, Seulggie Choi, Kyuwoong Kim, Sung Min Kim, Gyeongsil Lee, Seong Yong Park, Yeon‐Yong Kim, Joung Sik Son, Jae‐Moon Yun, Sang Min Park
Journal of the American Heart Association.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Ezetimibe and Rosuvastatin Combination Therapy Versus Those of Rosuvastatin Monotherapy in Patients With Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Woohyeun Kim, Yeonyee E. Yoon, Sung-Hee Shin, Jang-Whan Bae, Bum-Kee Hong, Soon Jun Hong, Ki Chul Sung, Seung Hwan Han, Weon Kim, Moo-Yong Rhee, Sang-Hyun Kim, Sang Eun Lee, Min Su Hyon, Gyo-Seung Hwang, Jang Won Son, Jang-Young Kim, Min Kyu Kim, Sang Woo
Clinical Therapeutics.2018; 40(6): 993. CrossRef
Prevalence of dyslipidemia among the population of a large region of Eastern Siberia and its association with sociodemographic and behavioral factors
Yu. I. Grinshtein, V. V. Shabalin, R. R. Ruf, M. M. Petrova, S. A. Shal'nova
Profilakticheskaya meditsina.2018; 21(5): 63. CrossRef

Original Article

Clinical Study
Eligibility for Statin Treatment in Korean Subjects with Reduced Renal Function: An Observational Study: Byung Sub Moon, Jongho Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Young Youl Hyun, Se Eun Park, Hyung-Geun Oh, Cheol-Young Park, Won-Young Lee, Ki-Won Oh, Kyu-Beck Lee, Hyang Kim, Sung-Woo Park, Eun-Jung Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(3):402-409. Published online August 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.402

6,606 View
33 Download
4 Web of Science
4 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between statin eligibility and the degree of renal dysfunction using the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III and the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines in Korean adults.

Methods

Renal function was assessed in 18,746 participants of the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study from January 2011 to December 2012. Subjects were divided into three groups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): stage 1, eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m²; stage 2, eGFR 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m²; and stages 3 to 5, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m². Statin eligibility in these groups was determined using the ATP III and ACC/AHA guidelines, and the risk for 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE).

Results

There were 3,546 (18.9%) and 4,048 (21.5%) statin-eligible subjects according to ATP III and ACC/AHA guidelines, respectively. The proportion of statin-eligible subjects increased as renal function deteriorated. Statin eligibility by the ACC/AHA guidelines showed better agreement with the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) recommendations compared to the ATP III guidelines in subjects with stage 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) (κ value, 0.689 vs. 0.531). When the 10-year ASCVD risk was assessed using the FRS and PCE, the mean risk calculated by both equations significantly increased as renal function declined.

Conclusions

The proportion of statin-eligible subjects significantly increased according to worsening renal function in this Korean cohort. ACC/AHA guideline showed better agreement for statin eligibility with that recommended by KDIGO guideline compared to ATP III in subjects with CKD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk and renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Honghong Ren, Lijun Zhao, Yutong Zou, Yiting Wang, Junlin Zhang, Yucheng Wu, Rui Zhang, Tingli Wang, Jiali Wang, Yitao Zhu, Ruikun Guo, Huan Xu, Lin Li, Mark E. Cooper, Fang Liu
Renal Failure.2021; 43(1): 477. CrossRef
Long-term effects of various types of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on changes in glomerular filtration rate in Korea
Seo Yeon Baik, Hyunah Kim, So Jung Yang, Tong Min Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Hyunyong Lee, Hyeon Woo Yim, Kun-Ho Yoon, Hun-Sung Kim
Frontiers of Medicine.2019; 13(6): 713. CrossRef
Analysis and comparison of the cost-effectiveness of statins according to the baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in Korea
Y. J. Jeong, H. Kim, S. J. Baik, T. M. Kim, S. J. Yang, S.-H. Lee, J.-H. Cho, H. Lee, H. W. Yim, I. Y. Choi, K.-H. Yoon, H.-S. Kim
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics.2017; 42(3): 292. CrossRef
Comparison between Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin in Renal Function Decline among Patients with Diabetes
Eugene Han, Gyuri Kim, Ji-Yeon Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Beom Seok Kim, Byung-Wan Lee, Bong-Soo Cha, Eun Seok Kang
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(2): 274. CrossRef

Review Article

Obesity and Metabolism
High-Density Lipoprotein, Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase, and Atherosclerosis: Alice Ossoli, Chiara Pavanello, Laura Calabresi; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(2):223-229. Published online June 10, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.2.223

12,847 View
107 Download
46 Web of Science
40 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader

Epidemiological data clearly show the existence of a strong inverse correlation between plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and the incidence of coronary heart disease. This relation is explained by a number of atheroprotective properties of HDL, first of all the ability to promote macrophage cholesterol transport. HDL are highly heterogeneous and are continuously remodeled in plasma thanks to the action of a number of proteins and enzymes. Among them, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) plays a crucial role, being the only enzyme able to esterify cholesterol within lipoproteins. LCAT is synthetized by the liver and it has been thought to play a major role in reverse cholesterol transport and in atheroprotection. However, data from animal studies, as well as human studies, have shown contradictory results. Increased LCAT concentrations are associated with increased HDL-C levels but not necessarily with atheroprotection. On the other side, decreased LCAT concentration and activity are associated with decreased HDL-C levels but not with increased atherosclerosis. These contradictory results confirm that HDL-C levels per se do not represent the functionality of the HDL system.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Lycopene Alleviates Lipid Dysregulation, Oxidative Stress, and Hypercholesterolemia in Obese Rats Subjected to a High‐Fat Diet
Sana Noreen, Somia Shehzadi, Chukwuebuka Egbuna, Patrick Maduabuchi Aja
Food Science & Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
High-Tyrosol/Hydroxytyrosol Extra Virgin Olive Oil Enhances Antioxidant Activity in Elderly Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients
Mojgan Morvaridzadeh, Mehdi Alami, Nada Zoubdane, Hawa Sidibé, Hicham Berrougui, Tamàs Fülöp, Michel Nguyen, Abdelouahed Khalil
Antioxidants.2025; 14(7): 867. CrossRef
Effect of Dietary PUFAs and Antioxidants on Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of HDL in a Cohort of Women
Gianmarco Mola, Raffaella Riccetti, Domenico Sergi, Alessandro Trentini, Valentina Rosta, Angelina Passaro, Juana M. Sanz, Carlo Cervellati
Antioxidants.2025; 14(10): 1221. CrossRef
Dietary chenodeoxycholic acid alleviates cottonseed oil-induced hepatic lipid deposition and inflammation in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)
Yixin Gu, Heng Wang, Yangguang Bao, Wenli Zhao, Tingting Zhu, Peng Sun, Qicun Zhou, Min Jin
Aquaculture Reports.2025; 45: 103231. CrossRef
Association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, high‑density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular health (Review)
Tao Shen, Yanfang Li, Tingting Liu, Yunzhi Lian, Luke Kong
Biomedical Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cholesterol transport and beyond: Illuminating the versatile functions of HDL apolipoproteins through structural insights and functional implications
Aishwarya Sudam Bhale, Olivier Meilhac, Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Mookambeswaran A. Vijayalakshmi, Krishnan Venkataraman
BioFactors.2024; 50(5): 922. CrossRef
Phytochemicals profiling of Cassia fistula fruit extract and its effect on serum lipids and hematological parameters in high‐fat diet‐induced hyperlipidemic female rats
Maryam Tariq, Nazir Ahmad, Mahr Un Nisa, Muhammad Abdul Rahim, Eliasse Zongo
Food Science & Nutrition.2024; 12(8): 5776. CrossRef
Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and paraoxonase-1 levels in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease patients in Nigeria
Promise C. Nwaejigh, Maria O. Ebesunun, Oluwaseye M. Oladimeji
African Journal of Laboratory Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Low LCAT activity is linked to acute decompensated heart failure and mortality in patients with CKD
Julia T. Stadler, Thomas Bärnthaler, Andrea Borenich, Insa E. Emrich, Hansjörg Habisch, Alankrita Rani, Michael Holzer, Tobias Madl, Gunnar H. Heine, Gunther Marsche
Journal of Lipid Research.2024; 65(9): 100624. CrossRef
The Link between Magnesium Supplements and Statin Medication in Dyslipidemic Patients
Roxana Nartea, Brindusa Ilinca Mitoiu, Ioana Ghiorghiu
Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2023; 45(4): 3146. CrossRef
Mannose-Coated Reconstituted Lipoprotein Nanoparticles for the Targeting of Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Optimization, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Effectiveness
Akpedje S. Dossou, Morgan E. Mantsch, Ammar Kapic, William L. Burnett, Nirupama Sabnis, Jeffery L. Coffer, Rance E. Berg, Rafal Fudala, Andras G. Lacko
Pharmaceutics.2023; 15(6): 1685. CrossRef
Abdominal obesity negatively influences key metrics of reverse cholesterol transport
Jennifer Härdfeldt, Marica Cariello, Sara Simonelli, Alice Ossoli, Natasha Scialpi, Marilidia Piglionica, Emanuela Pasculli, Alessia Noia, Elsa Berardi, Patrizia Suppressa, Giuseppina Piazzolla, Carlo Sabbà, Laura Calabresi, Antonio Moschetta
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids.2022; 1867(2): 159087. CrossRef
Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 on dyslipidaemia: A randomized controlled study
Hua Jiang, Shengjie Tan, Ke Ning, Hao Li, Wenzhi Zhao, Ai Zhao, Hong Zhu, Shijie Wang, Peiyu Wang, Yumei Zhang
Journal of Functional Foods.2022; 89: 104956. CrossRef
LCAT- targeted therapies: Progress, failures and future
Kaixu Yang, Junmin Wang, Hongjiao Xiang, Peilun Ding, Tao Wu, Guang Ji
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 147: 112677. CrossRef
Cyclodextrin boostered-high density lipoprotein for antiatherosclerosis by regulating cholesterol efflux and efferocytosis
Yanyan Wang, Hai Gao, Xinya Huang, Zhaoan Chen, Pengyu Kang, Yunyi Zhou, Danhua Qin, Wenli Zhang, Jianping Liu
Carbohydrate Polymers.2022; 292: 119632. CrossRef
Lipidomic Approaches to Study HDL Metabolism in Patients with Central Obesity Diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome
Gabriele Mocciaro, Simona D’Amore, Benjamin Jenkins, Richard Kay, Antonio Murgia, Luis Vicente Herrera-Marcos, Stefanie Neun, Alice P. Sowton, Zoe Hall, Susana Alejandra Palma-Duran, Giuseppe Palasciano, Frank Reimann, Andrew Murray, Patrizia Suppressa, C
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(12): 6786. CrossRef
rHDL modeling and the anchoring mechanism of LCAT activation
Tommaso Laurenzi, Chiara Parravicini, Luca Palazzolo, Uliano Guerrini, Elisabetta Gianazza, Laura Calabresi, Ivano Eberini
Journal of Lipid Research.2021; 62: 100006. CrossRef
Vasculoprotective properties of plasma lipoproteins from brown bears (Ursus arctos)
Matteo Pedrelli, Paolo Parini, Jonas Kindberg, Jon M. Arnemo, Ingemar Bjorkhem, Ulrika Aasa, Maria Westerståhl, Anna Walentinsson, Chiara Pavanello, Marta Turri, Laura Calabresi, Katariina Öörni, Gérman Camejo, Ole Fröbert, Eva Hurt-Camejo
Journal of Lipid Research.2021; 62: 100065. CrossRef
The Fate of Dietary Cholesterol in the Kissing Bug Rhodnius prolixus
Petter F. Entringer, David Majerowicz, Katia C. Gondim
Frontiers in Physiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Excesive consumption of unsaturated fatty acids leads to oxidative and inflammatory instability in Wistar rats
Jelica D. Grujić-Milanović, Zoran Z. Miloradović, Nevena D. Mihailović-Stanojević, Vojislav V. Banjac, Strahinja Vidosavljević, Milan S. Ivanov, Danijela J. Karanović, Una-Jovana V. Vajić, Djurdjica M. Jovović
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2021; 139: 111691. CrossRef
Cholesterol Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer and Its Pharmacological Modulation as Therapeutic Strategy
Isabella Giacomini, Federico Gianfanti, Maria Andrea Desbats, Genny Orso, Massimiliano Berretta, Tommaso Prayer-Galetti, Eugenio Ragazzi, Veronica Cocetta
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Serum Concentrations of Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and Alzheimer’s Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Marco Zuin, Carlo Cervellati, Alessandro Trentini, Angelina Passaro, Valentina Rosta, Francesca Zimetti, Giovanni Zuliani
Diagnostics.2021; 11(6): 984. CrossRef
Dapagliflozin reduces thrombin generation and platelet activation: implications for cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Christina Kohlmorgen, Stephen Gerfer, Kathrin Feldmann, Sören Twarock, Sonja Hartwig, Stefan Lehr, Meike Klier, Irena Krüger, Carolin Helten, Petra Keul, Sabine Kahl, Amin Polzin, Margitta Elvers, Ulrich Flögel, Malte Kelm, Bodo Levkau, Michael Roden, Jen
Diabetologia.2021; 64(8): 1834. CrossRef
Impact of Dietary Lipids on the Reverse Cholesterol Transport: What We Learned from Animal Studies
Bianca Papotti, Joan Carles Escolà-Gil, Josep Julve, Francesco Potì, Ilaria Zanotti
Nutrients.2021; 13(8): 2643. CrossRef
Supramolecular copolymer modified statin-loaded discoidal rHDLs for atherosclerotic anti-inflammatory therapy by cholesterol efflux and M2 macrophage polarization
Qiqi Zhang, Jianhua He, Fengfei Xu, Xinya Huang, Yanyan Wang, Wenli Zhang, Jianping Liu
Biomaterials Science.2021; 9(18): 6153. CrossRef
Association between Small Dense Low-Density Lipoproteins and High-Density Phospolipid Content in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease with or without Diabetes
Hanene Aoua, Ymène Nkaies, Ali Ben Khalfallah, Mohsen Sakly, Ezzedine Aouani, Nebil Attia
Laboratory Medicine.2020; 51(3): 271. CrossRef
Biomechanical and biochemical investigation of erythrocytes in late stage human leptospirosis
J.A.X. Silva, A.V.P. Albertini, C.S.M. Fonseca, D.C.N. Silva, V.C.O. Carvalho, V.L.M. Lima, A. Fontes, E.V.L. Costa, R.A. Nogueira
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Cardioprotective Properties of HDL: Structural and Functional Considerations
Eleni Pappa, Moses S. Elisaf, Christina Kostara, Eleni Bairaktari, Vasilis K. Tsimihodimos
Current Medicinal Chemistry.2020; 27(18): 2964. CrossRef
Relationship between non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I and monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and coronary heart disease
Ya Li, Shu Li, Yulin Ma, Jialing Li, Mingying Lin, Jing Wan
Coronary Artery Disease.2020; 31(7): 623. CrossRef
Lipid transfer to high‐density lipoproteins in coronary artery disease patients with and without previous cerebrovascular ischemic events
Carlos J.D.G. Barbosa, Raul C. Maranhão, Renata S. Barreiros, Fatima R. Freitas, André Franci, Célia M.C. Strunz, Flávia B.B. Arantes, Thauany M. Tavoni, José A.F. Ramires, Roberto Kalil Filho, José C. Nicolau
Clinical Cardiology.2019; 42(11): 1100. CrossRef
Antibodies Against the C-Terminus of ApoA-1 Are Inversely Associated with Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and HDL Metabolism in Subjects with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Robin P. F. Dullaart, Sabrina Pagano, Frank G. Perton, Nicolas Vuilleumier
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 20(3): 732. CrossRef
The effect of chronic kidney disease on lipid metabolism
Neris Dincer, Tuncay Dagel, Baris Afsar, Adrian Covic, Alberto Ortiz, Mehmet Kanbay
International Urology and Nephrology.2019; 51(2): 265. CrossRef
Biological Consequences of Dysfunctional HDL
Angela Pirillo, Alberico Luigi Catapano, Giuseppe Danilo Norata
Current Medicinal Chemistry.2019; 26(9): 1644. CrossRef
Plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and phospholipid transfer protein activity independently associate with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Karlijn J. Nass, Eline H. van den Berg, Eke G. Gruppen, Robin P. F. Dullaart
European Journal of Clinical Investigation.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
An integrated metabolomic strategy for the characterization of the effects of Chinese yam and its three active components on septic cardiomyopathy
Ning Zhou, Meng-Nan Zeng, Kai Li, Yan-Yun Yang, Zhi-Yao Bai, Xiao-Ke Zheng, Wei-Sheng Feng
Food & Function.2018; 9(9): 4989. CrossRef
Effect of Rosuvastatin on Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia
Kyong Yeun Jung, Kyoung Min Kim, Sun Kyoung Han, Han Mi Yun, Tae Jung Oh, Sung Hee Choi, Kyong Soo Park, Hak Chul Jang, Soo Lim
Circulation Journal.2018; 82(5): 1387. CrossRef
Association Between Serum LDL-C and ApoB and SYNTAX Score in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Taiwu Lin, Luzhao Wang, Jingbin Guo, Peng Liu, Liheng Chen, Mengqiu Wei, Gongxin Li
Angiology.2018; 69(8): 724. CrossRef
Influence of i.v. lipid emulsion on lipoprotein subclass in preterm infants
Hiroki Suganuma, Naho Ikeda, Natsuki Ohkawa, Hiromichi Shoji, Toshiaki Shimizu
Pediatrics International.2018; 60(9): 839. CrossRef
The HDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I ratio: an indicator of cardiovascular disease
Eun-Jung Rhee, Christopher D. Byrne, Ki-Chul Sung
Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity.2017; 24(2): 148. CrossRef
Moringa Leaves Prevent Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Guinea Pigs by Reducing the Expression of Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism
Manal Almatrafi, Marcela Vergara-Jimenez, Ana Murillo, Gregory Norris, Christopher Blesso, Maria Fernandez
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2017; 18(7): 1330. CrossRef

Original Articles

Endocrine Research
Thyroid Hormone Regulates the mRNA Expression of Small Heterodimer Partner through Liver Receptor Homolog-1: Hwa Young Ahn, Hwan Hee Kim, Ye An Kim, Min Kim, Jung Hun Ohn, Sung Soo Chung, Yoon-Kwang Lee, Do Joon Park, Kyong Soo Park, David D. Moore, Young Joo Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(4):584-592. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.4.584

7,210 View
44 Download
6 Web of Science
5 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Expression of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is negatively regulated by orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP). In this study, we aimed to find whether thyroid hormone regulates SHP expression by modulating the transcriptional activities of liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1).

Methods

We injected thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) to C57BL/6J wild type. RNA was isolated from mouse liver and used for microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Human hepatoma cell and primary hepatocytes from mouse liver were used to confirm the effect of T3 in vitro. Promoter assay and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA) were also performed using human hepatoma cell line

Results

Initial microarray results indicated that SHP expression is markedly decreased in livers of T3 treated mice. We confirmed that T3 repressed SHP expression in the liver of mice as well as in mouse primary hepatocytes and human hepatoma cells by real-time PCR analysis. LRH-1 increased the promoter activity of SHP; however, this increased activity was markedly decreased after thyroid hormone receptor β/retinoid X receptor α/T3 administration. EMSA revealed that T3 inhibits specific LRH-1 DNA binding.

Conclusion

We found that thyroid hormone regulates the expression of SHP mRNA through interference with the transcription factor, LRH-1.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Safety and efficacy of resmetirom in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Laraib Abbasi, Qunoot Irfan, Syed Muhammad Mehdi Zaidi, Izma Jawed, Abdullah Malik, Shamama Kaleem
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2025; 37(4): 395. CrossRef
Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Pathogenesis to Current Therapeutic Options
Piero Portincasa, Mohamad Khalil, Laura Mahdi, Valeria Perniola, Valeria Idone, Annarita Graziani, Gyorgy Baffy, Agostino Di Ciaula
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(11): 5640. CrossRef
Bile acid and receptors: biology and drug discovery for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Ting-ying Jiao, Yuan-di Ma, Xiao-zhen Guo, Yun-fei Ye, Cen Xie
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica.2022; 43(5): 1103. CrossRef
Loperamide induces excessive accumulation of bile acids in the liver of mice with different diets
Zili Lei, Hedong Rong, Yanhong Yang, Siping Yu, Tianle Zhang, Lei Chen, Ya Nie, Qi Song, Qing Hu, Jiao Guo
Toxicology.2022; 477: 153278. CrossRef
Pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD is driven by intra- and extrahepatic mechanisms
Giuseppe Ferrandino, Rachel R. Kaspari, Olga Spadaro, Andrea Reyna-Neyra, Rachel J. Perry, Rebecca Cardone, Richard G. Kibbey, Gerald I. Shulman, Vishwa Deep Dixit, Nancy Carrasco
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

APOA5 Polymorphism Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Postmenopausal Women.: Doh Hee Kim, Seung Hee Lee, Kyung Hoon Han, Chae Bong Kim, Kwan Young Song, Sook Cho, Kye Heui Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(4):276-281. Published online December 20, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.4.276

5,886 View
24 Download
2 Crossref

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Menopause is an independent risk factor in metabolic syndrome which induced an alteration of the lipid metabolism by hormonal changes. Apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) was related to the regulation of triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level with biosynthesis and decomposition. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between APOA5 polymorphism and metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: This study included 307 postmenopausal women with anthropometric and biochemical measurement in 2010-2011. The polymorphism of APOA5 was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method with MseI restriction enzyme. RESULTS: The metabolic syndrome prevalence with TT genotype was significantly lower than the frequency in those with TC/CC (27.09%, 38.46%, and 45.71% for TT, TC, and CC, respectively; P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis of metabolic syndrome risk factors indicated that postmenopausal women with CC genotype had a higher risk with 3 times than that in TT genotype (P < 0.05). APOA5 C carriers showed an increased risk of triglyceride level (odd ratio, 2.93 and 1.85 for CC and TC+CC, respectively; P < 0.05). Interestingly, HDL-C was related to triglyceride directly in comparison to APOA5. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that APOA5 has an influence on serum triglyceride and HDL-C, which contribute to metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of a 3-year dietary intervention on age-related changes in triglyceride and apolipoprotein A-V levels in patients with impaired fasting glucose or new-onset type 2 diabetes as a function of the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism
Minjoo Kim, Jey Sook Chae, Miri Kim, Sang-Hyun Lee, Jong Ho Lee
Nutrition Journal.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
APOA5Polymorphism Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Postmenopausal Women
Mi Hae Seo, Won Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2012; 27(4): 274. CrossRef

Effect of Thyroid Hormone to the Expression of Bile Salt Export Pump.: Hwa Young Ahn, Kwan Jae Lee, Soon Hui Kim, Eun Ky Kim, Ah Reum Kang, Jung Ah Lim, Ji Won Yoon, Kyung Won Kim, Do Joon Park, Bo Youn Cho, Young Joo Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):232-238. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.232

68,233 View
37 Download
3 Crossref

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Bile acids were important for the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Thyroid hormone increased the expression of CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase), catalyzing the first step in the biosynthesis of bile acids. However, the effect of thyroid hormone on bile acid export has not been previously assessed. The principal objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of thyroid hormone on the bile salt export pump (BSEP). METHODS: Thyroid hormone, T3 (1 mg/g) was administered to male mice via intraperitoneal injection. After 6 hours and 5 days of T3 treatment, we measured serum total and LDL cholesterol and hepatobiliary bile acid concentrations. We assessed the changes associated with bile acid synthesis and transport. In order to evaluate the direct effect of thyroid hormone, we assessed the changes in the levels of BSEP protein after T3 administration in human hepatoma cells. RESULTS: Serum total and LDL cholesterol were reduced and hepatobiliary bile acid concentrations were increased following T3 treatment. Expressions of Cyp7a1 and BSEP mRNA were increased following T3 treatment. The levels of the BSEP protein in the mouse liver as well as in the human hepatoma cells were increased after T3 treatment. CONCLUSION: Thyroid hormone can regulate LDL cholesterol metabolism. It increases bile acid synthesis and the excretion of bile acids via increased BSEP expression.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Hypothyroidism Increases Cholesterol Gallstone Prevalence in Mice by Elevated Hydrophobicity of Primary Bile Acids
Irina Kube, Luca Bartolomeo Tardio, Ute Hofmann, Ahmed Ghallab, Jan G. Hengstler, Dagmar Führer, Denise Zwanziger
Thyroid.2021; 31(6): 973. CrossRef
Thyroid Dysfunction and Cholesterol Gallstone Disease
Irina Kube, Denise Zwanziger
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes.2020; 128(06/07): 455. CrossRef
Thyroid hormone receptor β1 stimulates ABCB4 to increase biliary phosphatidylcholine excretion in mice
Julien Gautherot, Thierry Claudel, Frans Cuperus, Claudia Daniela Fuchs, Thomas Falguières, Michael Trauner
Journal of Lipid Research.2018; 59(9): 1610. CrossRef

Clinical Trial

Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Low Density Lipoprotein Subfraction, Adiponectin and Apolipoprotein B in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.: Haejung Jun, Junghae Ko, Hyesook Jung, Changshin Yoon, Taekyoon Kim, Minjeong Kwon, Soonhee Lee, Jihye Suk, Mikyung Kim, Dukkyu Kim, Jeong Hyun Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):218-224. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.218

24,716 View
58 Download
2 Crossref

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil have been reported to exert a beneficial effect on reducing cardiovascular disease. Reports about their mechanism have generated several interesting findings, including a change in small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol proportion, adiponectin, and apolipoprotein B (apoB), in addition to changes in the lipid profile. The principal objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on plasma sdLDL, adiponectin, apoB100, and B48 in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS: We randomized 28 type 2 diabetic patients in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to receive either omega-3 fatty acids or placebo, both administered at a dose of 4 g daily for 12 weeks. LDL subfractions prior to and after treatment were separated via low-speed ultracentrifugation and analyzed via immunoelectrophoresis. Adiponectin, apoB100, and B48 levels were measured using an ELISA kit. RESULTS: sdLDL proportions were reduced in the omega-3 fatty acids group by 11% after 12 weeks of treatment (n = 17, P = 0.001), and were reduced by 4% in the control group (n = 11, P = 0.096). The patients receiving the omega-3 fatty acids evidenced a significant reduction in the levels of triglyceride (P = 0.001), apoB100, and B48 after 12 weeks (P = 0.038 and P = 0.009, respectively) relative to the baseline. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation increased fasting blood glucose (P = 0.011), but the levels of HbA1c in each group did not change to a statistically significance degree. The adiponectin value was not reduced in the omega-3 fatty acids group (P = 0.133); by way of contrast, the placebo group evidenced a significant reduction in adiponectin value after 12 weeks (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Omega-3 fatty acid treatment proved effective in the reduction of atherogenic sdLDL and apoB in type 2 diabetic patients (Clinical trials reg. no. NCT 00758927, clinicaltrials.gov).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Blood Flow Improvement Effect of Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus) Seed Oil in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mouse Model
Hyelin Jeon, Sungmin Kwak, Su-Jin Oh, Hyun Soo Nam, Doo Won Han, Yoon Seok Song, Jinwoo Song, Kyung-Chul Choi
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2015; 44(8): 1105. CrossRef
Fatty Acid Compositions, Mineral and Vitamin Contents of the Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba)
Han-Soo Kim, Min-A Kim, Duan Yishan, Seong-Ho Jang, Dong-Soo Kang, Won-Ki Lee, Chun-Sik Lee, Jae-Young Ryu
Journal of Environmental Science International.2014; 23(1): 47. CrossRef

Original Articles

Lipid Profile Changes in Postmenopausal Korean Women Treated with Alendronate (10 mg) for 2 Years: Comparing with Control Group.: Il Woo Joo, Han Jin Oh; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(1):19-25. Published online February 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.1.19

3,062 View
21 Download
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Bisphosphonate, which has been used for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis with the mechanism of inhibiting bone resorption, also has an association with the cholesterol synthethic process. This suggests that bisphosphonate might have benefit to improve the lipid profile in humans through a process that blocks the mevalonate-squalene pathway. However, few reports have revealed the relationship between the action of bisphosphonate and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal Korean women. We planned this study to determine the effect of alendronate (10 mg) on the serum lipid level in postmenopausal Korean women. Subjects and METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the postmenopausal Korean women (aged over 50) who visited the Osteoporosis clinic in the Health Care Center in Seoul from March of 2003 to October of 2005. The changes of the serum lipid levels, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol, after 2-years of alendronate 10 mg administration were evaluated and comparing to a control group. RESULTS: After 2-years alendronate (10 mg) administration, the total cholesterol was decreased by 11.8 +/- 3.7 mg/dL, and the HDL cholesterol was increased by 5.2 +/-1.4 mg/dL as compared to the baseline lipid level. Both of these results showed statistical significance. Changes of the triglyceride and fasting blood glucose also showed a decline by 15.4 +/-9.8 mg/dL and 6.0 +/-1.4 mg/dL, respectively, but this was not statistically significant. However, in the control group, the total cholesterol was increased by 9.4 +/-8.8 mg/dL, and the triglyceride was increased by 10.5 +/-7.2 mg/dL as compared to the baseline lipid level. Both of the results showed statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Alendronate might have a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism to decrease cholesterol and increase HDL. Taking into consideration about the postmenopausal increase in the cholesterol level, alendronate is recommended for the prevention of hyperlipidemia in postmenopausal women, in addition to preventing and treating osteoporosi

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The effect of alendronate on lipid profile of postmenopausal women with osteopenia and prediabetes
Maryam Karimifard, Ashraf Aminorroaya, Massoud Amini, Ali Kachuie, Awat Feizi, Sima Aminorroaya Yamini, Moluk Hadi Alijanvand
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2021; 26(1): 52. CrossRef

Relationship between Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Remnant Lipoprotein.: Yong Jun Choi, Young Eun Jo, Yun Kyung Kim, Sang Mi Ahn, Seung Hee Baik, Sun Hye Jung, Hae Jin Kim, Yoon Sok Chung, Kwan Woo Lee, Dae Jung Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(4):311-318. Published online August 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.4.311

3,190 View
20 Download
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Remnant lipoproteins are the lipolytic degradation product of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins produced by the liver (very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and intestine (chylomicrons). Recent studies have demonstrated a correlation between remnant lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk. Our study assessed the relationship between obesity and remnant lipoproteins and evaluated the factors related to remnant lipoprotein in children and adolescents. METHODS: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body fat mass, total abdominal fat, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) were measured in 135 children and adolescents (67 boys and 68 girls). Plasma RLP fractions were isolated using an immunoaffinity gel containing specific anti-apoB-100 and anti-apoA-I antibodies. The subjects were divided into three groups: the low (< 50 percentile), mid (50~84 percentile), and high (> or = 85 percentile) BMI groups. RESULTS: RLP-C was significantly correlated with age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area ratio (VSR), total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, apoB, and HOMA-IR. From a multivariate regression analysis, TG (beta = 0.928, P < 0.001) was found to be independently correlated with RLP-C. After excluding TG as an independent variable, a multivariate regression analysis revealed that the HOMA-IR (beta=0.231, P=0.007) and systolic blood pressure (beta=0.169, P=0.046) were independently associated with RLP-C. CONCLUSION: RLP-C was significantly higher in obese children and adolescents. TG, systolic blood pressure, and insulin resistance were related to remnant lipoproteins.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Epidemiology of Childhood Obesity in Korea
Kyoung Hwa Ha, Dae Jung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2016; 31(4): 510. CrossRef

Relationship between Adiponectin, Leptin and Body Fat in Men with Hypogonadism Before and After Testosterone Treatment.: Sang Wan Kim, Joon Ku Kang, Do Joon Park, Chan Soo Shin, Kyung Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(5):473-484. Published online October 1, 2004

1,783 View
20 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Testosterone replacement therapy in men with hypogonadism improves sexual function, decreases body fat, and increases the mass and function of lean muscle. These beneficial effects of testosterone replacement therapy are accompanied by slight lowering of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, increase in the hematocrit/hemoglobin ratio and size of the prostate gland. It is presently unknown whether the effect of testosterone on body fat could also reduce the risk of atherosclerotic disease associated with obesity. We investigated the relationship between body fat and blood leptin and adiponectin levels to elucidate the effect of testosterone on body fat metabolism, as well as the effect of testosterone on lipid and bone metabolism. METHODS: We selected 28 men, who were hypogonadal (mean serum testosterone+/-SD, 22.3+/-35.3 ng/dL) due to an organic disease, and them with oral testosterone (testosterone undecanoate) for 12 months. We measured the body composition, serum leptin, plasma adiponectin, biochemical bone markers, bone mineral density, prostate-specific antigen, and serum lipids before and 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. We analyzed the relationship between body fat and blood leptin and adiponectin levels. RESULTS: The mean serum testosterone concentration reached the subnormal range after 6 months of treatment, which remained for the duration of treatment. The fat mass decreased and muscle mass increased, not within the first 6 months, but principally within 12 months (p<0.05). Although the decrease in the serum leptin level was not statistically significant, there were positive correlations between the leptin level and fat mass before and after 6 months of treatment (p<0.05). The plasma adiponectin did not increase or correlate with body fat parameters. The bone mineral densities of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck did not increased, but the serum osteocalcin and urine N-telopeptide were significantly decreased (p<0.05 and <0.01, respectively). The HDL-cholesterol decreased, principally within the first 6 months (p<0.01), but the total and LDL cholesterols, and the triglycerides remained unchanged during the course of treatment. There was also no change in prostate-specific antigen. CONCLUSION: Twelve months of oral testosterone replacement in men with hypogonadism improved body composition and bone metabolism, but demonstrated subnormal serum testosterone levels, had no effect on the leptin and adiponectin levels and decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels. It will be necessary to examine the long-term effects of testosterone replacement on the incidence of cardiovascular events as well as cardiovascular risk factors in men with hypogonadism

A Frequency of Hypothyroidism in a Population of Hypercholesterolemin Subjects.: Jae Hoon Chung, Kwang Won Kim, Byoung Joon Kim, Sung Hoon Kim, Kyung Ah Kim, Myung Sik Lee, Moon Gyu Lee, Yong Ki Min, Yun Ho Choi, Myung Hee Shin; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1998;13(3):351-358. Published online January 1, 2001

1,801 View
22 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Hypothyroidism is a treatable cause of secondary hyperlipidemia. The lipid profile usually seen is an increased total and low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol, and the plasma triglyceride may also be increased. Hypercholesterolemia associated with hypothyroidism is an important factor in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease(CAD). And the hyperchole-sterolemia caused by hypothyroidism is potentially reversible by thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Hypothyroidism should be ruled out by routine laboratory screening as a treatable cause of secondary hyperlipidemia and increased CAD risk. We carried out this study aimed at evaluating the frequency of hypothyroidism and its relationship with serum cholesterol concentration in Koreans. METHODS: We investigated 15028(men 8273, women 6755) Korean subjects who visited our hospital center for health promotion during an one year period(from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 1996). Among them, we analyzed 6756 hypercholesterolemic subjects whose serum cholesterol levels were greater than 200 mg/dL. They performed thyroid function tests(total T, T4, and TSH) and lipid profiles(total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol) were measured by enzyme assay. We defined hypothyroidism by serum thyrotropin values greater than 5 U/mL. RESULTS: The observed prevalence of hypothyroidism was 2.4%(163/6756). Among those with high TSH levels, 17(10.4%) had overt hypothyroidism with a low T4 (below 6 g/dL) level. As we analyzed the frequency of hypothyroidism according to cholesterol range by 20 mg/dL, the frequency was significantly increased in the group whose serum cholesterol levels were greater than 300 mg/dL, especially in women over 50 years of age. Analysis of lipid parameters showed that hypertriglyceridemia was frequent and hyperHDLaemia was observed in hypothyroidic populations. CONCLUSION: Screening for hypothyroidism by measurement of thyrotropin values is of particular importance in patients with hypercholesterolemia. And the frequency of hypothyroidism was more significantly increased in whose serum cholesterol levels were greater than 300 mg/dL, especially in the group of women over 50 years of age.

Serum Lipoprotein (a) and Lipid Concentrations in Patients with Subelinical Hypothyroidism.: Kyoung Ah Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Yeun Sun Kim, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Eun Mi Koh, Young Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Jong Hun Lee, Kwang Won Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(1):11-17. Published online January 1, 2001

1,721 View
17 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Overt hypothyroidism is well-known cause of secondary hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. However, there have been dissenting reports of abnormalities in serum lipid concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Recently, it has been reported that serum Lp (a) concentration, an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, was increased in patients with SH. Therefore, we analyzed serum Lp (a) and other lipid concentrations to investigate whether they are increased in patients with SH and the correlation between serum Lp (a) and TSH concentrations. METHODS: We undertook this study in 53 patients with SH (TSH > 6 uiU/ml) and 197 age-and sex-matched healthy control subjects, They had no abnormalities in liver function, BUN, creatinine, fasting blood glucose, urinalysis, and past medical histories. Serum T3, T4, and TSH concentrations were measured by RIA using commercial kits. Serum concentrations of Lp (a), total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured by rate nephelometry and enzyme assay, respectively. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of serum Lp (a), total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, and HDL-C concentrations in 53 patients with SH and 197 control subjects (25.6+-3.8mg/dL vs. 25.4+-1.5mg/dL ; 204.0+-4.2mg/dL vs. 204.0+-2.4mg/dL ; 127.0+-3.9mg/dL vs. 125.0+-2.3 mg/dL ; 133.0+-8.5mg/dL vs. 130.0+-6.0mg/dL ; 50.0+-1.5mg/dL vs. 53.0+-0.9mg/dL). There was no correlation between Lp (a) and TSH concentrations in SH (r=0.12, p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum Lp (a) concentration as well as total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and TG was not increased in patients with SH. There was no correlation between serum Lp (a) and TSH levels in subclinical hypothyroidism.

Cholesterol Lowering Effect of Cerivastatin in Korean Patients with Primary Hypercholesterolemia.: Sung Hoon Kim, Dong Jun Kim, Jong Rhulk Hahm, Byung Joon Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1999;14(4):729-738. Published online January 1, 2001

2,377 View
19 Download

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Cerivastatin is a kind of statin, a synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with high liver selectivity which lowers plasma cholesterol level by inhibiting endogenous cholesterol synthesis. This study evaluates the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cerivastatin 0.1 mg and 0.3 mg in Korean patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. METHODS: A parallel group, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted at Samsung Medical Center. The patients with primary hypercholesterolemia were placed on an American Heart Association Step 1 diet for whole study period. Single-blind placebo was administered for the final 4 weeks of period A, before randomization. Thirty two patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >160 mg/dL (if patients with a definite personal history of coronary heart disease (CHD) or with two or more cardiovascular risk factors, LDL-C >130 mg/dL) were randomized to 6 weeks treatment with one of the following regimens: cerivastatin 0.1 mg (n=11) or cerivastatin 0.3 mg (n=10) or placebo once daily at bedtime (n=11). RESULTS: Cerivastatin 0.1 mg and 0.3 mg treatment groups produced statistically significant (p<.05) changes at 6 weeks after treatment, compared to baseline and placebo in LDL-C (cerivastatin 0.1 mg 16.3%; cerivastatin 0.3 mg 35.2%; placebo 1.5%) and total cholesterol (cerivastatin 0.1 mg 10.3%; cerivastatin 0.3 mg 26.2%; placebo 1.3%). Cerivastatin 0.1 mg and 0.3 mg treatments were well tolerated and resulted in no significant increase in biochemical or clinical side effects compared to placebo. CONCLUSION: Cerivastatin at doses of 0.1 mg and 0.3 mg/day is a safe, well-tolerated, and highly effective HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor for the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia.

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search