Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Obesity and Metabolism
Comparison of Serum Adipocytokine Levels according to Metabolic Health and Obesity Status: Tae Hoon Lee, Won Seon Jeon, Ki Joong Han, Shin Yeoung Lee, Nam Hee Kim, Hyun Beom Chae, Choel Min Jang, Kyung Mo Yoo, Hae Jung Park, Min Kyung Lee, Se Eun Park, Hyung Geun Oh, Cheol-Young Park, Won-Young Lee, Ki-Won Oh, Sung-Woo Park, Eun-Jung Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(2):185-194. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.2.185

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Background

Metabolic health is an emerging concept that is highly correlated with various metabolic complications, and adipocytokines have been causally linked to a wide range of metabolic diseases. Thus, this study compared serum adipocytokine levels according to metabolic health and obesity status.

Methods

Four hundred and fifty-six nondiabetic subjects (mean age, 40.5 years) were categorized into four groups according to metabolic health and obesity status: metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUHNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO). Being metabolically healthy was defined as the presence of fewer than two of the following five metabolic abnormalities: high blood pressure, high fasting blood glucose, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and being in the highest decile of the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index. Obesity status was assessed using body mass index (BMI), with obesity defined as a BMI higher than 25 kg/m². Levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) were also evaluated.

Results

Of the 456 subjects, 247 (54.2%) were in the MHNO group, 66 (14.5%) were in the MHO group, 66 (14.5%) were in the MUHNO group, and 77 (16.9%) were in the MUHO group. There were no significant differences in IL-6 or MCP-1 levels among the groups, but levels of TNF-α and A-FABP were significantly higher in the MUHNO group compared to the MHNO group.

Conclusion

High TNF-α and A-FABP levels are significantly associated with metabolically unhealthiness in nonobese Korean individuals.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Differences in the levels of inflammatory markers between metabolically healthy obese and other obesity phenotypes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhouli Su, Ljupcho Efremov, Rafael Mikolajczyk
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Relationship between the thrombospondin-1/Toll-like receptor 4 (TSP1/TLR4) pathway and vitamin D levels in obese and normal weight subjects with different metabolic phenotypes
Eman Y. Khairy, Azza Saad
The Journal of Physiological Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Pattern of Adiponectin, Osteocalcin, Irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 According to the Body Size Phenotype: Could They Be Markers of Metabolic Health in Mexican-Mestizo Middle-Aged Women?
Lourdes Balcázar-Hernandez, Lourdes Basurto, Leticia Manuel-Apolinar, Sara Vega-García, Norma Basurto-Acevedo, Carlos Martínez-Murillo, Rosalinda Sánchez-Arenas
Metabolites.2021; 11(11): 771. CrossRef
Exploring Therapeutic Targets to Reverse or Prevent the Transition from Metabolically Healthy to Unhealthy Obesity
Tenzin D. Dagpo, Christopher J. Nolan, Viviane Delghingaro-Augusto
Cells.2020; 9(7): 1596. CrossRef
Poor Vitamin D Status in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients and Its Correlation with Leptin and TNF-α
Qiuzhen WANG, Aiguo MA, Tianlin GAO, Yufeng LIU, Lisheng REN, Lei HAN, Boyang WEI, Qian LIU, Chunjiang DONG, Yuze MU, Duo LI, Frans J KOK, Evert G SCHOUTEN
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology.2019; 65(5): 390. CrossRef
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Christine Graf, Nina Ferrari
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 20(24): 6159. CrossRef
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Ligiane Marques Loureiro, Suzane Lessa, Rodrigo Mendes, Sílvia Pereira, Carlos José Saboya, Andrea Ramalho
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Eun-Jung Rhee
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Kofaktoren und Komorbiditäten bei Necrobiosis lipoidica – Analyse der deutschen DRG‐Daten von 2012
Finja Jockenhöfer, Knut Kröger, Joachim Klode, Regina Renner, Cornelia Erfurt‐Berge, Joachim Dissemond
JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft.2016; 14(3): 277. CrossRef
The relationship between serum fatty-acid binding protein 4 level and lung function in Korean subjects with normal ventilatory function
Hye-Jeong Park, Se Eun Park, Cheol-Young Park, Seong Yong Lim, Won-Young Lee, Ki-Won Oh, Sung-Woo Park, Eun-Jung Rhee
BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
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Finja Jockenhöfer, Knut Kröger, Joachim Klode, Regina Renner, Cornelia Erfurt‐Berge, Joachim Dissemond
JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft.2016; 14(3): 277. CrossRef
Response: Comparison of Serum Adipocytokine Levels according to Metabolic Health and Obesity Status (Endocrinol Metab2015;30:185-94, Tae Hoon Lee et al.)
Eun-Jung Rhee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(3): 416. CrossRef
Letter: Comparison of Serum Adipocytokine Levels according to Metabolic Health and Obesity Status (Endocrinol Metab2015;30:185-94, Tae Hoon Lee et al.)
Mikyung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(3): 414. CrossRef
Adipokine Profiles and Metabolic Health
Seung-Hwan Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(2): 175. CrossRef

The Changes in Atherosclerotic Markers and Adiopocytokines after Treatment with Growth Hormone for the Patients with Hypopituitarism and Growth Hormone Deficiency.: Hyun Won Shin, In Kyung Jeong, Goo Yeong Cho, Cheul Young Choi, Jong Yeop Kim, Yeong Je Chae, Min Ho Cho, Byung Wan Lee, Seong Jin Lee, Chul Young Park, Eun Gyoung Hong, Hyeon Kyu Kim, Doo Man Kim, Jae Myung Yu, Sung Hee Ihm, Moon Ki Choi, Hyung Joon Yoo, Sung Woo Park; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(6):515-525. Published online December 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.6.515

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
It is known that patients with hypopituitarism have a high mortality rate due to the presence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The aim of this study was the effect of growth hormone (GH) on the atherosclerotic markers and the adipocytokine levels. METHOD: The study was conducted on 13 adult patients with hypopituitarism and growth hormone deficiency (GHD), and they had been stabilized after receiving hormone replacement therapy for other insufficient pituitary hormones, other than GH, for more than one year. Before treatment with GH, we compared the lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, cardiovascular risk factors and adipocytokine levels, including adiponectin, leptin, TNF-alpha and IL-6, between the GHD patients and 13 healthy adults who were of a similar age and gender distribution. Patients with GHD were treated with 1 U/day of GH for 6 months. We measured insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), blood pressure, body composition, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and hs-CRP, cardiac function, adiponectin, leptin, TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, flow mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin mediated vasodilation (NMD) before and after GH treatment. RESULTS: The patients with hypopituitarism and GHD showed significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (P = 0.002), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.036), hs-CRP (P = 0.0087) and leptin (P < 0.001) than did the normal healthy adults. However, there was no difference between the normal adults and the patients with GHD for the systolic and diastolic BP, the levels of apoA, apoB, fasting blood glucose(FBG) and HOMA-IR. In the subjects with GHD after treatment with GH, the level of fat mass (P = 0.0017), total cholesterol (P = 0.004), LDL-C (P = 0.001), leptin (P = 0.013), TNF-alpha (P < 0.001) and hs-CRP (P = 0.0001) were significantly reduced, while lean body mass (P = 0.0161), FFA (P = 0.049) and FMD (P = 0.0051) showed a significant increase. However, there was no significant difference in the level of the systolic and diastolic BP, LDL-C, apoA, apoB, LP (a), HOMA-IR, ejection fraction, left ventricular posterior wall, E/A ratio, intraventricular septum, NMD, intima-media thickness, adiponectin, IL-6, FBG and fasting insulin before and after GH treatment. CONCLUSION: The subjects with GHD were vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. GH therapy for 6 months had a positive effect on their various cardiovascular risk factors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Molecular Biology of Atherosclerosis
In-Kyung Jeong
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2010; 25(3): 166. CrossRef

Effect of Weight Loss on Endothelial Function in Obese Premenopausal Women.: Se Woong Ma, Se Hwa Kim, Hyo Sung Nam, Kee Myoung Jung, Byung Hyun Yu, Yong Ju Lee, Seok O Park, Sung Kil Lim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(6):506-514. Published online December 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.6.506

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Endothelial dysfunction, a pathological feature of obesity, can predict the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. The endothelial function was compared in obese, non-obese, and type 2 diabetic women, and the effect of weight loss on endothelial function in obese premenopausal women was also investigated. METHODS: Twenty type 2 diabetes patients, 35 obese and 20 non-obese non-diabetic subjects were recruited. Both the endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIV) were measured. The body composition, serum lipid, serum adiponectin and resistin were also measured. Weight loss in obese women was obtained by 6 months of calorific restriction, aerobic exercise and medication (sibutramine or orlistat). RESULTS: EDV was significantly impaired in the type 2 diabetes and obese groups compared to the control group (6.0 +/- 1.3% in diabetes group, 6.7 +/- 3.9% in obese group, 12.4 +/- 4.1% in control group, P < 0.01, respectively). The mean weight loss after 6 months was 8.5 +/- 3.2 kg (P < 0.001) in the obese group. There was a significant increase in EDV after weight loss (from 5.8 +/- 3.5% to 12.3 +/- 3.9%, P < 0.05). There was no change in EIV after weight loss. In addition, weight loss was associated with significant reductions in the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and serum triglyceride (P < 0.05, respectively). However, there were no significant changes in the serum adiponectin and resistin levels after weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that weight loss was associated with improved endothelial function in obese premenopausal women, as assessed by brachial artery EDV and reduced hs-CRP.

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