Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Actions in the Brain and Neuropsychiatric Diseases
  Manuel H. Aguiar-Oliveira, Margaret C. S. Boguszewski, Diego L. Rovaris, Jose Donato
  Physiology.2026; 41(1): 3.     CrossRef
• Cardiovascular Effects of Growth Hormone: From Deficiency to Acromegaly
  Negarsadat Neshat, Parth Adrejiya, Zain Muhammad Khan, William H. Frishman, Wilbert S. Aronow
  Cardiology in Review.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yongyan Wang, Ning Li, Yugeng Li, Jitao Zhang
  Endocrine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nationwide Big Data Studies of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database: Research Trends and Standardization of Operational Definitions
  Sun Wook Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Kyoung Jin Kim, Beom-Jun Kim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Eun Jung Rhee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2026; 41(1): 86.     CrossRef
• Recent progress in the understanding of psychological complications of acromegaly: toward a longitudinal clinical phenotype
  Gabriella Martino, Orlando Silvestro, Francesco Ferraù, Salvatore Cannavò
  Pituitary.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Osteometabolic complications in patients with secreting pituitary adenomas: Is there an impact of gender?
  Luigi di Filippo, Matteo Acanfora, Simona Bolamperti, Umberto Terenzi, Maristella Bonomo, Andrea Giustina
  Pituitary.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Acromegaly complications: an update
  Andrea Giustina, Maria Fleseriu
  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2026; 111(Supplement): S51.     CrossRef
• Focus on renal morphology, chronic kidney disease, and urinary system malignancies in acromegaly: report on data collected over a 40-year period
  Polat Ercan, Busra Firlatan Yazgan, Suleyman Nahit Sendur, Seda Hanife Oguz, Selcuk Dagdelen, Tomris Erbas
  Pituitary.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Bidirectional interactions between sleep and metabolism: mechanisms and therapeutic implications for insulin resistance
  Shu-Chun Yu
  New Medicine.2025; 3(4): 238.     CrossRef
• Spontaneous regression of a growth hormone‑secreting pituitary adenoma following thyroidectomy for toxic multinodular goiter with superior vena cava obstruction: Report of a rare case
  Bayar Qasim, Sardar Arif, Ashur Izac, Halder Abozait, Rende Kochary
  Medicine International.2025; 6(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Why Acromegaly Dies: A Systematic Review
  Isam Noori Salman, Safaa Ehssan Atta, Baydaa Ahmed Abed, Noor Ulhuda G. Mohammed
  Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Change in apnea hypopnea index and sleep quality following treatment in acromegaly
  Kavita Kadian, Ravi Gupta, Rajnish Arora, Kalyani Sridharan
  Endocrine Research.2026; 51(1): 27.     CrossRef
• Correlation between obstructive sleep apnea and pituitary function in pituitary adenomas patients
  Zitong Wang, Qi Li, Junjie Zhao, Hai Yu, Jiayi Du, Tingqin Huang, Yushan Xie, Zine Cao, Chendi Lu, Xinru Lv, Simin Zhu, Yanuo Zhou, Wei Hou, Yani Feng, Haiqin Liu, Xiaoyong Ren, Yewen Shi
  Respiratory Medicine.2026; 252: 108660.     CrossRef
• Acromegaly and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms, clinical impact, and evolving management
  Marta Araujo-Castro, Pedro Marques, Luis Miguel Cardoso, Eider Pascual-Corrales, Julie Refardt, Sebastian J C M M Neggers, José María Jiménez Cassinello, Mónica Marazuela, Manel Puig-Domingo, Betina Biagetti
  Endocrine Reviews.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Consensus on acromegaly complications: an update
  Andrea Giustina, Luigi di Filippo, Maria Fleseriu, Rosario Pivonello, Stephan Petersenn, John Wass, Susan L. Samson, Alberto M. Pereira, Raúl M. Luque, Betina Biagetti, Maria Chiara Zatelli, Ken K Y Ho, Cesar L. Boguszewski, Aart Jan van der Lely, Mark Gu
  Pituitary.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Acromegaly complications: an update
  Andrea Giustina, Maria Fleseriu
  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2026; 111(Supplement): S51.     CrossRef
• Acromegaly Discovered After Head Trauma: Multivessel Coronary Disease and Postoperative Meningitis Complicating a Pituitary Macroadenoma
  Sean Rockwell, Jaxon S Boley, Nicholas Pulido, Mohammad Safa, Lila S Chertman
  Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Long-Term Prognosis and Systemic Impact of Acromegaly: Analyses Utilizing Korean National Health Insurance Data
  Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Mechanisms associated with obstructive sleep apnea in achondroplasia
  G. Dave Singh
  Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.2025; 21(9): 1649.     CrossRef
• How Different Treatments for Acromegaly Modulate Sleep Quality: A Psychometric Study
  Gaspare Alfì, Danilo Menicucci, Dalì Antonia Ciampa, Vito Di Giura, Giulia Marconcini, Claudio Urbani, Fausto Bogazzi, Angelo Gemignani
  Endocrines.2024; 5(3): 408.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Targeting cardiometabolic risk in type 1 diabetes through incretin physiology
  Ruth Frampton, Samantha Hocking, Jennifer R. Snaith, Jerry R. Greenfield
  Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.2026; 37(2): 135.     CrossRef
• Critical regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs in driving cancer sensitivity to Carmustine: a systematic review
  Seyed Mostafa Rahimi, Abouzar Bagheri
  Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2026; 399(3): 3335.     CrossRef
• Zhi-Shen Pill ameliorates impaired glucose tolerance by targeting pancreatic β-cell and adipocyte pathways
  Yinshan Huang, Xuan Ren, Xiudao Song, Kaiwen Xu, Lijuan Jin, Hui Zhu, Wei Chen, Wei Mu, Chunbo Jiang, Guoqiang Liang
  Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2026; 357: 120931.     CrossRef
• Human growth hormone‐induced mitotic maladaptation in podocytes and implications in diabetic kidney disease
  Bharath Banoth, Sumathi Raviraj, Anil Kumar Pasupulati
  Journal of Neuroendocrinology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Dairy intake and risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: A narrative review
  Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran, Viswanathan Mohan
  Nutrition.2026; 144: 113064.     CrossRef
• Maternal diet shapes milk bile acids to regulate neonatal growth through TGR5
  Lufuno Phophi, Haley M. Wilt, Zhengzheng Hu, Rishi Gadikota, Mallory Cadiz, Mikayla S. Manzi, Freddie D. Ortiz Martinez, Sarayu Vanga, Elizabeth G. Chapman, Scott A. Tibbetts, Stephanie M. Karst
  Cell Reports.2026; 45(1): 116744.     CrossRef
• Dietary Defective Jujube as a Corn Substitute: Impacts on Growth Performance, Meat Traits, and Alternaria Toxin Exposure in Lambs
  Letian Zhang, Haoyang Hui, Muhammad Faheem, Yanfeng Xue, Ning Chen, Xiaoling Zhou
  Animals.2026; 16(2): 255.     CrossRef
• Insulin Receptor Family Autoantibodies in Patients with Type B Insulin Resistance
  Jennifer E Lee, Thilo S Chillon, Waldemar B Minich, Brent S Abel, Marissa Lightbourne, Lutz Schomburg, Rebecca J Brown
  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2026; 111(6): e1506.     CrossRef
• The relationship between IGF-1 and cardiovascular diseases and the potential mediating role of TyG-related index: evidence from a cohort study
  Haipeng Chen, Ning Huang, Yang Huang, Jin Chen, Xu Luo
  BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• IGF-1 as a mediator in the association between body mass index and risk of liver cancer: A prospective analysis of 432,203 participants from the UK biobank
  Wenwen Yang, Zhixian Bao, Yuhua Chen, Jie Gao, Rui Ji
  Growth Hormone & IGF Research.2026; 84: 101684.     CrossRef
• Associations of insulin-like growth factor 1 and IGF binding proteins 2 and 3 with lipids in toddlers
  Johanna Neiß, Hans Demmelmair, Fabian Geyer, Alexander Triebswetter, Dudung Angkasa, Joaquin Escribano, Natalia Ferré, Mariona Gispert-Llauradó, Berthold Koletzko, Susanne Bechtold-Dalla Pozza, Veit Grote
  Lipids in Health and Disease.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Mechanisms in diabetes mellitus: Relationships to metabolism and/or neoplasia
  John A. D'Elia, Bijan Roshan, Larry A. Weinrauch
  Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2026; 40(4): 109289.     CrossRef
• Corrigendum to ‘What type 1 diabetes endotype is most suitable for anti-CD3 antibodies prevention trials?’ [JDC, Vol. 39, Issue 10, October 2025, 109132]
  Maria Aurora Roma-Wilson, Paolo Pozzilli
  Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2026; 40(3): 109230.     CrossRef
• Maternal Bacillus probiotic regulates offspring growth and immunity via spleen IGF-1/mTOR and FOXO1/IL-10 pathways
  Tahany Saleh Aldayel, Heba M. A. Abdelrazek, Nadia A. El-Fahla, Noran M. Tawfik, Dalia A. Eltamany, Dalia W. Zeidan, Sherine Abbas
  Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Multi-omic analysis of the liver-breast axis reveals key hepatic mediators of breast cancer progression
  Gao Yuanze, Fei Wang, Kumar Ganesan, Jianping Chen
  Science China Life Sciences.2026; 69(6): 1929.     CrossRef
• Metformin inhibits PDGFβ signaling to suppress hyaluronan and cytokine production in thyroid eye disease
  Farha Husain, Charkira C. Patrick, Elisa Roztocil, Steven E. Feldon, Collynn F. Woeller
  Experimental Eye Research.2026; 267: 110982.     CrossRef
• A one-week reduced-carbohydrate diet lowers insulin requirements and shifts the IGF axis with no detectable short-term change in endothelial function in a randomized, crossover trial of adults with type 1 diabetes
  M. Naweed Akbar, T. Jordan Smith, Sivaprakasam Chinnarasu, Wendi Welch, Wang Zuofei, Bridget Litts, Lauren M. LeStourgeon, Mohammad Saleem, Mohd Mabood Khan, Annet Kirabo, Justin M. Gregory
  Cardiovascular Diabetology – Endocrinology Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Teprotumumab N01 for thyroid eye disease in China: clinical outcomes and quantitative MRI correlations
  Qiuyu Wang, Junning Cheng, Chunhui Yang, Jian Song, Yuqing Chen, Ya Shen, Lefeng Qu, Ruili Wei
  Frontiers in Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between disease duration, GH-IGF-1 axis markers, and linear growth in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
  Feruzakhan Uvaidillaeva, Rustam Tukhvatshin, Valeriia Kniazeva, Baktygul Omurkulova
  Heart, Vessels and Transplantation.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Beyond Deterministic Fetal Programming: Intrauterine Exposures and the Multifactorial Origins of Adiposity
  Gernot Desoye, Ursula Hiden, Evelyn Jantscher‐Krenn, Herbert Fluhr, Jonathan C. Wells, Sonja Entringer, Mireille N. M. van Poppel
  Obesity Reviews.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nutritional Status of Children with Short Stature Is Oppositely Associated with Growth Hormone Peak in Stimulation Tests and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Concentration
  Joanna Smyczyńska, Urszula Smyczyńska, Maciej Hilczer, Renata Stawerska
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(9): 3333.     CrossRef
• Association Between Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and Concentrated Growth Factor Composition: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Shakila Mahesh, Alpa Gupta, Rajat Sharma, Meenu Tawatia
  Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2026; 16(3): 265.     CrossRef
• Evidence for a Potential Context-Dependent Dual Role of Eb Peptide of IGF-1Eb in Cancer Cell Survival and Adaptation to UV Stress
  Amalia Kotsifaki, Georgia Kalouda, Efthymios Karalexis, Sylvia Raftopoulou, Nektarios Alevizopoulos, Athanasios Armakolas
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(11): 4793.     CrossRef
• Longitudinal assessment of growth velocity in relation to pubertal timing, IGF-1, fasting insulin and fat mass in healthy boys
  Kaspar Sørensen, Casper P Hagen, Lise Aksglæde, Rikke Beck Jensen, Anders Juul
  Endocrine Connections.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A sweet danger: the silent link between hyperinsulinemia and gastric cancer
  Pasqualina Laurenziello, Margherita Luongo, Francesca Lospinoso Severini, Sabino Russi, Geppino Falco, Carlo Calabrese, Simona Laurino
  Molecular Cancer.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Increased carbohydrate availability partially attenuates endocrine suppression in response to low-energy availability
  Valentin Nusser, Jan Teubner, Simon A. Buerger, Anne Frodl, Katie Rainsberger, Alexander Braunsperger, Paulina Wasserfurth, Anthony C. Hackney, Karsten Koehler
  Journal of Applied Physiology.2026; 141(2): 538.     CrossRef
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies
  Jie Miao, Yanli Zhang, Chen Su, Qiandan Zheng, Junhong Guo
  Molecular Neurobiology.2025; 62(3): 3195.     CrossRef
• GHRH in diabetes and metabolism
  Charlotte Steenblock, Stefan R. Bornstein
  Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2025; 26(3): 413.     CrossRef
• Signaling pathways and targeted therapies in Ewing sarcoma
  Ke Jia, Li Cao, Yihan Yu, Doudou Jing, Wei Wu, Brian Andrew Van Tine, Zengwu Shao
  Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025; 266: 108765.     CrossRef
• Expanding the Clinical and Mutational Spectrum of Biallelic POC1A Variants: Characterization of Four Patients and a Comprehensive Review of POC1A‐Related Phenotypes
  Umut Altunoglu, Gozde Tutku Turgut, Esin Karakılıç Özturan, Tuğba Kalaycı, Mert Kaya, Güven Toksoy, Firdevs Baş, Hülya Kayserili, Feyza Darendeliler
  Clinical Genetics.2025; 107(4): 390.     CrossRef
• Bridging Pubertal Changes and Endotype Based Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes
  M. A. Roma‐Wilson, R. Buzzetti, S. Zampetti
  Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Training with electrical muscle stimulation: a novel method to improve Body Mass Index, lipid profile, growth hormone, and cortisol in overweight subjects
  Elnaz RIYAHI, Jalil REISI, Sayyed M. MARANDI, Milad ABDOLLAHI
  The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Bilateral ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor in a neonate with Donohue syndrome: a case report and review of literature
  Amany Reda Elbahbity, Amr Abdelhamid AbouZeid, Mohammad Hassan Mohamed, Mohammad Hassan Elibiary, Soha M. khafagy, Amira Mostafa Rashad, Shaimaa Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Sohair Abdelbaset Zayed, Manal Fawzy Gadalla, Shaimaa Abdelsattar Mohammad
  Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 with metabolic abnormalities among children and adolescents
  Zhenghao Zhao, Yuanyuan Ma, Xinyi Zhang, Xiaoxiao Liu, Yang Li, Zhongze Fang, Rongxiu Zheng, Jing Li
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Early Cardiovascular and Metabolic Benefits of rhGH Therapy in Adult Patients with Severe Growth Hormone Deficiency: Impact on Oxidative Stress Parameters
  Maria Kościuszko, Angelika Buczyńska, Justyna Hryniewicka, Dorota Jankowska, Agnieszka Adamska, Katarzyna Siewko, Małgorzata Jacewicz-Święcka, Marcin Zaniuk, Adam Jacek Krętowski, Anna Popławska-Kita
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(12): 5434.     CrossRef
• Effects of warm-season feeding on yak growth, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and fecal microbiota
  Yining Xie, Yangji Cidan, Zhuoma Cisang, Deji Gusang, Quzha Danzeng, Wangdui Basang, Yanbin Zhu, Jinshui Lin, Lizhuang Hao, Tariq Shah
  Microbiology Spectrum.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Post-Exercise Whey Protein Supplementation: Effects on IGF-1, Strength, and Body Composition in Pre-Menopausal Women, a Randomised Controlled Trial
  Marc Murray, Lara Vlietstra, Alyssa M. D. Best, Stacy T. Sims, James A. Loehr, Nancy J. Rehrer
  Nutrients.2025; 17(12): 2033.     CrossRef
• Diagnostic accuracy of triglyceride to glucose index and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein index for insulin resistance among children and adolescents: A systematic review
  Miguel Cabanillas-Lazo, Carlos Quispe-Vicuña, Milagros Pascual-Guevara, Claudia Cruzalegui-Bazán, Arturo Duran-Pecho, José Paz-Ibarra, Victor Velásquez-Rimachi, Qian Wu
  PLOS One.2025; 20(6): e0326179.     CrossRef
• Diabetes and Bone Health: A Comprehensive Review of Impacts and Mechanisms
  Prabhat Upadhyay, Sudhir Kumar
  Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• High Blood Lead Levels as A Risk Factor of Stunting: A Study of Children in Agricultural Areas
  Alfan Afandi, Suhartono Suhartono, Budiyono Budiyono, Ani Margawati, Apoina Kartini
  JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN .2025; 17(1): 45.     CrossRef
• Viral Infections in Type 2 Diabetes: A Dangerous Liaison
  Azizul Haque, Anudeep B. Pant
  Viruses.2025; 17(9): 1150.     CrossRef
• Intranasal nanoparticle therapy for arsenic-induced neurotoxicity: Restoring IGF-1 signaling and advancing translational neuroprotection
  Nourhan Elsayed, Jhi Biau Foo
  Neuroscience.2025; 585: 107.     CrossRef
• Serum IGF-1 May be less reliable when assessing the GH-IGF-1 axis in the elderly
  Angelo Milioto, Gudmundur Johannsson, Daniela Esposito
  Pituitary.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sex Hormones and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
  Ralf Weiskirchen, Amedeo Lonardo
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(19): 9594.     CrossRef
• Regenerative therapeutic effects of conditioned medium from human umbilical cord‑derived mesenchymal stem cells as an adjuvant to insulin therapy in a rat model of type 2 diabetes
  Siufui Hendrawan, Jennifer Lheman, Olivia Marcelina, Lydia Tantoso, Hans Baer, Shirly Gunawan
  World Academy of Sciences Journal.2025; 7(6): 1.     CrossRef
• Prevalence of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis Assessed by Transient Elastography in a High Cardiovascular-Risk Outpatient Cohort Including T1DM and T2DM Patients
  Alina N. Saidi, Willy B. Theel, Diederick E. Grobbee, Aart-Jan van der Lely, Femme Dirksmeier-Harinck, Marco Alings, Ellen van der Zwan-van Beek, Simone P. Rauh, Moniba Rasheed, Manuel Castro Cabezas
  Diabetology.2025; 6(11): 129.     CrossRef
• Interconnected Mechanistic Pathways, Molecular Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approach of Oral Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
  Viviana Elian, Violeta Popovici, Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu, Alexandra Maria Nicolescu, Sorina Maria Aurelian, Emma Adriana Ozon
  Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2025; 47(11): 929.     CrossRef
• Adverse events with usage of human growth hormone: a review
  Ludwik K. Branski, Sarita Thanedar, Nafis Deen, Kevin W. Cho, Gongkai Liu, Gabriel Hundeshagen, David N. Herndon, Linda E. Sousse
  Discover Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Unlocking Gut-Driven Metabolic Repair: The Role of Glucomannan Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) in Insulin Resistance and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Modulation in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model
  Azizah H. Safitri, Rahmata A. Sayyida, Eni Widayati, Nurina Tyagita
  Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Short-Term (20-Day) Alternate-Day Modified Fasting and Time-Restricted Feeding on Fasting Glucose and IGF-1 in Obese Young Women
  Dian Aristia Rachmayanti, Purwo Sri Rejeki, Raden Argarini, Hermina Novida, Sri Soenarti, Shariff Halim, Chy’as Diuranil Astrid Permataputri, Sheeny Priska Purnomo
  Diseases.2025; 13(12): 390.     CrossRef
• Human Cancers Derived from Either Genetic or Lifestyle Factors Are Initiated by Impaired Estrogen Signaling
  Zsuzsanna Suba
  Cancers.2025; 18(1): 78.     CrossRef
• IGF-1 and IGF-2 as Molecules Linked to Causes and Consequences of Obesity from Fetal Life to Adulthood: A Systematic Review
  Justyna Szydlowska-Gladysz, Adrianna Edyta Gorecka, Julia Stepien, Izabela Rysz, Iwona Ben-Skowronek
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(7): 3966.     CrossRef
• Insulin resistance reduction, intermittent fasting, and human growth hormone: secondary analysis of a randomized trial
  Benjamin D. Horne, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Heidi T. May, Tami L. Bair, Viet T. Le, Leslie Iverson, Kirk U. Knowlton, Joseph B. Muhlestein
  npj Metabolic Health and Disease.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis in health and disease states: an update on the role of intra-portal insulin
  Kevin C. J. Yuen, Rikke Hjortebjerg, Ashok Ainkaran Ganeshalingam, David R. Clemmons, Jan Frystyk
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comprehensive Management of Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly: A Review
  Bharat Kumar, Ravi Kant, Gopal Krishana Bohra
  Journal of Cardio-diabetes and Metabolic Disorders.2023; 3(2): 21.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Integrative Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Resistance to First-generation Receptor Ligands in Acromegaly
  Wei Lin, Songchang Shi, Yuanyuan Zheng, Edward Laws, Timothy R Smith, Le Min
  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2026; 111(2): 484.     CrossRef
• Association between vertebral fracture risk and bone mineral density in patients with acromegaly
  Shuaiming Chen, Min Liu, Huiwen Tan, Lin Ji, Yerong Yu, Shu Jiang, Bowen Cai, Wei Wang, Songping Zheng, Xin Zan, Huan Xu, Jing Li, Jianwei Li
  Pituitary.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Journey of Acromegaly Towards Treatment: A Single-Center Study
  Varvara Chalmantzi, Sophia Vlachou, Maria Eleni Chondrogianni, Maria Panagaki, Ariadni Spyroglou, Marina Tsoli, Eva Kassi, Gregory Kaltsas, Krystallenia I. Alexandraki
  Journal of Personalized Medicine.2026; 16(2): 85.     CrossRef
• Cancer Risk in Patients with Acromegaly: Insights from a Single Center in Ankara
  Murat Cinel, Ozgur Demir, Rovsan Hasenov, Sule Canlar, Caglar Keskin, Asena Gökçay Canpolat, Mustafa Sahin, Sevim Güllü, Demet Corapcioglu
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(4): 1573.     CrossRef
• Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis, the Impact of Different Administration Routes on Bone Mineral Density, and Fracture Risk and Treatment Options—A Narrative Review
  Monika Kapszewicz, Marta Michalska-Kasiczak, Ewa Sewerynek
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(7): 2488.     CrossRef
• Increased prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures in patients with hypercalcitoninemia due to medullary thyroid carcinoma
  Luigi di Filippo, Vincenzo Franzese, Giuseppina Incampo, Anna Maria Formenti, Lucrezia Albanese, Mauro Doga, Debora Onorati, Riccardo Maggiore, Riccardo Rosati, Francesca Perticone, Raffaele Giubbini, Andrea Giustina
  Bone.2026; 208: 117872.     CrossRef
• Consensus on acromegaly complications: an update
  Andrea Giustina, Luigi di Filippo, Maria Fleseriu, Rosario Pivonello, Stephan Petersenn, John Wass, Susan L. Samson, Alberto M. Pereira, Raúl M. Luque, Betina Biagetti, Maria Chiara Zatelli, Ken K Y Ho, Cesar L. Boguszewski, Aart Jan van der Lely, Mark Gu
  Pituitary.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Lipodystrophy look-alikes: navigating diagnostic overlap with endocrine diseases
  Giovanni Ceccarini, Donatella Gilio, Silvia Magno, Lavinia Palladino, Ferruccio Santini
  European Journal of Endocrinology.2026; 194(5): R1.     CrossRef
• Neuroendocrine and neural control of bone mass in health and disease
  Mone Zaidi, Se-Min Kim, Vitaly Ryu, Daria Lizneva, Terry F. Davies, Clifford J. Rosen, Tony Yuen, Andrea Giustina
  Journal of Clinical Investigation.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Recent progress in the understanding of psychological complications of acromegaly: toward a longitudinal clinical phenotype
  Gabriella Martino, Orlando Silvestro, Francesco Ferraù, Salvatore Cannavò
  Pituitary.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound parameters strongly correlate with DXA measurements in patients with acromegaly
  Claudia Campana, Andrea Casabella, Anna Arecco, Maurizio Cutolo, Serena Tonelli, Elvis Hysa, Lara Vera, Francesca Bertaina, Jessica Amarù, Diego Ferone, Sabrina Paolino, Federico Gatto
  Pituitary.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Osteometabolic complications in patients with secreting pituitary adenomas: Is there an impact of gender?
  Luigi di Filippo, Matteo Acanfora, Simona Bolamperti, Umberto Terenzi, Maristella Bonomo, Andrea Giustina
  Pituitary.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Assessment of nurses’ knowledge and awareness of acromegaly in a high-volume tertiary center: a cross-sectional study
  Birgul Genc, Sefika Burcak Polat, Aysegul Koc, Reyhan Ersoy
  Pituitary.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Vitamin D and hip protectors in osteosarcopenia: a combined hip fracture preventing approach
  Alessandro Giustina, Andrea Giustina
  Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2025; 26(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Long-Term Prognosis and Systemic Impact of Acromegaly: Analyses Utilizing Korean National Health Insurance Data
  Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Frailty and pituitary surgery: a systematic review
  Mendel Castle-Kirszbaum, Ann McCormack, Christopher Ovenden, Jeremy Kam, James King, Yi Yuen Wang, Tony Goldschlager
  Pituitary.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Artificial intelligence in acromegaly: Why, when and how
  Alessandro Giustina, Andrea Giustina
  Pituitary.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Muscle dysfunction is associated with poor quality of life in long-term controlled patients with acromegaly
  Luciana Martel-Duguech, Helena Bascuñana, Jordi Cuartero, Susan M. Webb, Elena Valassi
  Pituitary.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Evaluation of bone density and microstructure by DXA, TBS and HR-pQCT: an assessment of cortical porosity and its association with vertebral fractures in patients with acromegaly
  PG Ornellas, EMF Gama, LMC Mendonça, C Villela-Nogueira, FP Paranhos-Neto, L Kasuki, MR Gadelha, MLF Farias, M Madeira
  Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2025; 48(9): 2087.     CrossRef
• Growth Hormone and Bone: Preclinical and Clinical Perspectives
  Kevin C.J. Yuen
  Endocrine Practice.2025; 31(9): 1197.     CrossRef
• Development and application of HDA-ABi-GRU-based on the interpersonal problems scale of personality disorders in acromegaly patients
  Shashi Kiran Tagilapalli, Lei Shi, Zhentian Wu, Canhui Tian, Yanmei Tie, Dongsheng He, Haijun Wang, Wenli Chen
  Neurocomputing.2025; 653: 131138.     CrossRef
• Collaboration Between Endocrinologists and Dentists in the Care of Patients with Acromegaly—A Narrative Review
  Beata Wiśniewska, Kosma Piekarski, Sandra Spychała, Ewelina Golusińska-Kardach, Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś, Marzena Wyganowska
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(15): 5511.     CrossRef
• Skeletal Health in Pituitary and Neuroendocrine Diseases: Prevention and Treatments of Bone Fragility
  Flavia Costanza, Antonella Giampietro, Laura De Marinis, Antonio Bianchi, Sabrina Chiloiro, Alfredo Pontecorvi
  Targets.2025; 3(3): 26.     CrossRef
• Consensus on acromegaly therapeutic outcomes: an update
  Shlomo Melmed, Luigi di Filippo, Maria Fleseriu, Moisés Mercado, Niki Karavitaki, Mark Gurnell, Roberto Salvatori, Stylianos Tsagarakis, Marco Losa, Pietro Maffei, Alberto M. Pereira, Eliza B. Geer, Laurence Katznelson, Aart Jan van der Lely, Jens Bollers
  Nature Reviews Endocrinology.2025; 21(11): 718.     CrossRef
• ACROMEGALY – ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT. LITERATURE REVIEW
  Michał Ochwat, Katarzyna Dąbek, Aleksandra Kajtel, Anna Skowronek, Martyna Piekarska-Magiera, Adam Sielicki, Maria Ochwat, Tomasz Skowronek, Michał Oborski, Zofia Sudoł
  International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Acromegaly treatment and bone: a bidirectional relationship
  Sabrina Chiloiro, Chiara Palumbo, Antonella Giampietro, Laura De Marinis, Antonio Bianchi, Andrea Giustina, Alfredo Pontecorvi
  Pituitary.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Dental Implantology in Acromegaly: Pathophysiological Challenges, Biomaterial Interactions, and Future Directions—A Narrative Review
  Beata Wiśniewska, Sandra Spychała, Kosma Piekarski, Ewelina Golusińska-Kardach, Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś, Marzena Wyganowska
  Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2025; 16(11): 411.     CrossRef
• New insights into the vitamin D/PTH axis in endocrine-driven metabolic bone diseases
  Luigi di Filippo, John P. Bilezikian, Ernesto Canalis, Umberto Terenzi, Andrea Giustina
  Endocrine.2024; 85(3): 1007.     CrossRef
• Bone health and skeletal fragility in second- and third-line medical therapies for acromegaly: preliminary results from a pilot single center experience
  Sabrina Chiloiro, Antonella Giampietro, Amato Infante, Pier Paolo Mattogno, Liverana Lauretti, Alessandro Olivi, Laura De Marinis, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Francesco Doglietto, Antonio Bianchi
  Pituitary.2024; 27(3): 303.     CrossRef
• Standards of care for medical management of acromegaly in pituitary tumor centers of excellence (PTCOE)
  Andrea Giustina, M. M. Uygur, S. Frara, A. Barkan, N. R. Biermasz, P. Chanson, P. Freda, M. Gadelha, L. Haberbosch, U. B. Kaiser, S. Lamberts, E. Laws, L. B. Nachtigall, V. Popovic, M. Reincke, A. J. van der Lely, J. A. H. Wass, S. Melmed, F. F. Casanueva
  Pituitary.2024; 27(4): 381.     CrossRef
• Vertebral fractures in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas - a new frontier?
  Nicholas A. Tritos
  Pituitary.2024; 27(4): 311.     CrossRef
• Suspected silent pituitary somatotroph neuroendocrine tumor associated with acromegaly-like bone disorders: a case report
  Tongxin Xiao, Xinxin Mao, Ou Wang, Yong Yao, Kan Deng, Huijuan Zhu, Lian Duan
  BMC Endocrine Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Skeletal fragility in pituitary disease: how can we predict fracture risk?
  Fabio Bioletto, Alessandro Maria Berton, Marco Barale, Luigi Simone Aversa, Lorenzo Sauro, Michela Presti, Francesca Mocellini, Noemi Sagone, Ezio Ghigo, Massimo Procopio, Silvia Grottoli
  Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 789.     CrossRef
• Vitamin D in pituitary driven osteopathies
  Sabrina Chiloiro, Flavia Costanza, Elena Riccardi, Antonella Giampietro, Laura De Marinis, Antonio Bianchi, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Andrea Giustina
  Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 847.     CrossRef
• GH receptor polymorphisms guide second-line therapies to prevent acromegaly skeletal fragility: preliminary results of a pilot study
  Sabrina Chiloiro, Flavia Costanza, Antonella Giampietro, Amato Infante, Pier Paolo Mattogno, Flavia Angelini, Consolato Gullì, Liverana Lauretti, Mario Rigante, Alessandro Olivi, Laura De Marinis, Francesco Doglietto, Antonio Bianchi, Alfredo Pontecorvi
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Growth hormone and bone: a basic perspective
  Simona Bolamperti, Isabella Villa, Luigi di Filippo
  Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 745.     CrossRef
• Approach to the patient with controlled acromegaly and acromegalic arthropathy: clinical diagnosis and management
  Iris C. M. Pelsma, Herman M. Kroon, Cornelie D. Andela, Enrike M. J. van der Linden, Margreet Kloppenburg, Nienke R. Biermasz, Kim M. J. A. Claessen
  Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 824.     CrossRef
• Modern approach to bone comorbidity in prolactinoma
  Meliha Melin Uygur, Sara Menotti, Simona Santoro, Andrea Giustina
  Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 802.     CrossRef
• Novel approach to bone comorbidity in resistant acromegaly
  Stefano Frara, Matteo Acanfora, Vincenzo Franzese, Maria Luisa Brandi, Marco Losa, Andrea Giustina
  Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 813.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Nationwide Big Data Studies of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database: Research Trends and Standardization of Operational Definitions
  Sun Wook Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Kyoung Jin Kim, Beom-Jun Kim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Eun Jung Rhee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2026; 41(1): 86.     CrossRef
• Impact of splenectomy on fracture risk via the bone-immune axis: A nationwide Korean cohort study
  Seonghyun Kang, Nak-Jun Choi, Kyungdo Han, Yebin Park, Changsin Lee, Sejong Jin, Ga Eun Nam, Jae-Woo Cho
  Osteoporosis International.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Consensus on acromegaly complications: an update
  Andrea Giustina, Luigi di Filippo, Maria Fleseriu, Rosario Pivonello, Stephan Petersenn, John Wass, Susan L. Samson, Alberto M. Pereira, Raúl M. Luque, Betina Biagetti, Maria Chiara Zatelli, Ken K Y Ho, Cesar L. Boguszewski, Aart Jan van der Lely, Mark Gu
  Pituitary.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Acromegaly complications: an update
  Andrea Giustina, Maria Fleseriu
  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2026; 111(Supplement): S51.     CrossRef
• Bone and joint quality remains impaired in long-term controlled acromegaly: an HR-pQCT study
  Christian Rosendal, Frederik Østergaard Klit, Annika Vestergaard Kvist, Peter Vestergaard, Jakob Dal
  Journal of the Endocrine Society.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Long-Term Prognosis and Systemic Impact of Acromegaly: Analyses Utilizing Korean National Health Insurance Data
  Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Musculoskeletal disease in acromegaly—a population-based registry study
  Christian Rosendal, Mai Christiansen Arlien-Søborg, Eigil Husted Nielsen, Claus Larsen Feltoft, Åse Krogh Rasmussen, Marianne Skovsager Andersen, Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen, Jakob Dal
  European Journal of Endocrinology.2025; 192(3): 308.     CrossRef
• Growth Hormone and Bone: Preclinical and Clinical Perspectives
  Kevin C.J. Yuen
  Endocrine Practice.2025; 31(9): 1197.     CrossRef
• Bone Health in Acromegaly
  Maria Francesca Birtolo, Simona Jaafar, Giacomo Cristofolini, Gherardo Mazziotti, Andrea G. Lania
  Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America.2025; 54(4): 637.     CrossRef
• Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in patients with acromegaly: A two-center cross-sectional study
  Mauricio Alvarez, Juliana Rincon, Maria Mercedes Ulloa, Oswaldo Rincon, Liliana Mejia, Alejandra Alvarado, Andres Pereira, Mónica Bernal
  World Journal of Orthopedics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Novel approach to bone comorbidity in resistant acromegaly
  Stefano Frara, Matteo Acanfora, Vincenzo Franzese, Maria Luisa Brandi, Marco Losa, Andrea Giustina
  Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 813.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• “Micromegaly”: Acromegaly with apparently normal GH, an entity on its own?
  Lucio Vilar, Luciana Ansaneli Naves, Manoel Ricardo Alves Martins, Antônio Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr
  Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 38(3): 101878.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Clinical characteristics associated with somatic GNAS mutations in acromegaly: a systematic review and institutional experience
  Brendan R. Dillon, Margaret Ruddy, Emily C. McQuade, Shruti N. Shah, Alberta Twi-Yeboah, Benjamin A. Levinson, Nidhi Agrawal
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Molecular biology of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors
  Reilly L. Kidwell, James Trippett, Manish K. Aghi
  Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Rapid intraoperative boundary diagnosis of somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors using real-time PCR
  Yoshiki Sato, Kazuhito Takeuchi, Fumiharu Ohka, Yuichi Nagata, Sachi Maeda, Tomoki Matsuyama, Toshiaki Hirose, Shoichi Deguchi, Eriko Okumura, Kenichiro Iwami, Ryuta Saito
  Acta Neuropathologica Communications.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pathogenesis of nonfamilial somatotroph adenomas
  Anat Ben-Shlomo, Shlomo Melmed
  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2026; 111(Supplement): S27.     CrossRef
• Development and application of organoid technology in pituitary neuroendocrine tumor research
  Qing Rao, Jun Shen, Zeyu Lin, Zhang Xiong, Xiaochun Jiang, Yonghong Zhu, Shaolin Zhang
  Journal of International Medical Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Contract to kill: GNAS mutation
  Pratima Raut, Poompozhil Mathivanan, Surinder K. Batra, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
  Molecular Cancer.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Benign tumors broaden the field of application for immunotherapy
  Mohamed A. Youssef, Hisham Al-Sharif, Brian T. McGrath, Maria M. Picken, I. Caroline Le Poole
  Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs): From molecular mechanisms to emerging therapies
  Na Wu, Naijia Wu, Nan Wang, Yonghong Zhu
  Molecular and Cellular Probes.2025; 83: 102039.     CrossRef
• Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analyses reveal tumor heterogeneity and immune remodeling involved in pituitary neuroendocrine tumor progression
  Wan Su, Zhang Ye, Jifang Liu, Kan Deng, Jinghua Liu, Huijuan Zhu, Lian Duan, Chen Shi, Linjie Wang, Yuxing Zhao, Fengying Gong, Yi Zhang, Bo Hou, Hui You, Feng Feng, Qing Ling, Yu Xiao, Yongdong Guo, Wenyi Fan, Sumei Zhang, Zixin Zhang, Xiaomin Hu, Yong Y
  Nature Communications.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Unraveling the link between GNAS R201 mutation and colorectal cancer
  Mohammad Amin Behmanesh, Paniz Rafiee, Forough Eidikhosh, Abbas Moridnia
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The PitNET Puzzle: From Zero to Linking Molecular Behavior with Neurosurgical Aspects
  Amira Kamel, Ligia Gabriela Tataranu, Bianca-Cristina Cristutiu, Anica Dricu, Radu Eugen Rizea
  Medicina.2025; 61(11): 1973.     CrossRef
• Genetic diagnosis in acromegaly and gigantism: From research to clinical practice
  Claudia Ramírez-Rentería, Laura C. Hernández-Ramírez
  Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 38(3): 101892.     CrossRef
• Unlocking the Genetic Secrets of Acromegaly: Exploring the Role of Genetics in a Rare Disorder
  Ioana Balinisteanu, Lavinia Caba, Andreea Florea, Roxana Popescu, Laura Florea, Maria-Christina Ungureanu, Letitia Leustean, Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza, Cristina Preda
  Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2024; 46(8): 9093.     CrossRef
• Advancements in Molecular Diagnosis and Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies for Invasive Pituitary Adenomas
  Dingkai Xu, Ling Wang, Maohua Zheng
  Immunity, Inflammation and Disease.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• GNAS mutations suppress cell invasion by activating MEG3 in growth hormone–secreting pituitary adenoma
  CHAO TANG, CHUNYU ZHONG, JUNHAO ZHU, FENG YUAN, JIN YANG, YONG XU, CHIYUAN MA
  Oncology Research.2024; 32(6): 1079.     CrossRef
• CD8/PD-L1 immunohistochemical reactivity and gene alterations in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
  Haruto Nishida, Yoshihiko Kondo, Takahiro Kusaba, Kazuhiro Kawamura, Yuzo Oyama, Tsutomu Daa, Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(2): e0281647.     CrossRef
• Dynamic monitoring of circulating tumor DNA to analyze genetic characteristics and resistance profile of lorlatinib in ALK positive previously treated NSCLC
  Xiya Ma, Kun Zhang, Jing Xu, Hongjun Gao, Shaoxing Yang, Haifeng Qin, Hong Wang, Fang Gao, Xiaoqing Liu
  Thoracic Cancer.2023; 14(20): 1980.     CrossRef
• Multiomics Approach to Acromegaly: Unveiling Translational Insights for Precision Medicine
  Kyungwon Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Eun Jig Lee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(5): 463.     CrossRef
• Hotspots of Somatic Genetic Variation in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors
  Mariana Torres-Morán, Alexa L. Franco-Álvarez, Rosa G. Rebollar-Vega, Laura C. Hernández-Ramírez
  Cancers.2023; 15(23): 5685.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Biomarkers of response to treatment in acromegaly
  Leandro Kasuki, Elisa Lamback, Ximene Antunes, Mônica R. Gadelha
  Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 19(1): 71.     CrossRef
• Predictors of morphofunctional features of somatotrophic tumors and of the effectiveness of treatment with first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands
  E. V. Pronin, V. S. Pronin, M. B. Antsiferov, A. V. Petryaykin, T. M. Alexeeva, A. M. Lapshina, L. S. Urusova, A. N. Khoruzhaya, S. M. Tamaeva
  Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2024; (6): 98.     CrossRef
• Elucidating Clinical Queries for Tailored Therapy in Patients with Prolactinoma
  Min-Ho Lee, Jae Won Hong, Kyungwon Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Eun Jig Lee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 819.     CrossRef
• Multiomics Approach to Acromegaly: Unveiling Translational Insights for Precision Medicine
  Kyungwon Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Eun Jig Lee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(5): 463.     CrossRef
• Risk of depression in patients with acromegaly in Korea (2006-2016): a nationwide population-based study
  Shinje Moon, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
  European Journal of Endocrinology.2023; 189(3): 363.     CrossRef
• The Future of Somatostatin Receptor Ligands in Acromegaly
  Monica R Gadelha, Luiz Eduardo Wildemberg, Leandro Kasuki
  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 107(2): 297.     CrossRef
• Innovative therapeutics in acromegaly
  Leandro Kasuki, Mônica R. Gadelha
  Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 36(6): 101679.     CrossRef
• Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Patients With Acromegaly
  Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Kyung-Soo Kim, Cheol-Young Park
  Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Machine Learning-based Prediction Model for Treatment of Acromegaly With First-generation Somatostatin Receptor Ligands
  Luiz Eduardo Wildemberg, Aline Helen da Silva Camacho, Renan Lyra Miranda, Paula C L Elias, Nina R de Castro Musolino, Debora Nazato, Raquel Jallad, Martha K P Huayllas, Jose Italo S Mota, Tobias Almeida, Evandro Portes, Antonio Ribeiro-Oliveira, Lucio Vi
  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 106(7): 2047.     CrossRef
• Skin anomalies in acromegalic patients (Review of the practical aspects)
  Florica Sandru, Adelina Popa, Dan Paduraru, Alexandru Filipescu, Mara Carsote, Adina Ghemigian
  Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Targeting dopamine pathways with hybrid molecules: Emerging outlook for cancer treatment
  Piotr Koch, Natalia Pielaszkiewicz, Krystian Małek, Wojciech Kamysz, Patrycja Kleczkowska
  European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics.2026; 222: 115031.     CrossRef
• Pituitary Tumorigenesis—Implications for Management
  Rodanthi Vamvoukaki, Maria Chrysoulaki, Grigoria Betsi, Paraskevi Xekouki
  Medicina.2023; 59(4): 812.     CrossRef
• Current and Emerging Medical Therapies in Pituitary Tumors
  Nicolas Sahakian, Frédéric Castinetti, Thierry Brue, Thomas Cuny
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(4): 955.     CrossRef
• Characterization of the ability of a, second-generation SST-DA chimeric molecule, TBR-065, to suppress GH secretion from human GH-secreting adenoma cells
  Thomas Cuny, Thomas Graillon, Célines Defilles, Rakesh Datta, Shengwen Zhang, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Henry Dufour, Grégory Mougel, Thierry Brue, Tanya Landsman, Heather A. Halem, Michael D. Culler, Anne Barlier, Alexandru Saveanu
  Pituitary.2021; 24(3): 351.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of a Novel Second-Generation Somatostatin-Dopamine Chimera (TBR-065) in Human Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Preclinical Study
  Alessandra Dicitore, Maria Celeste Cantone, Germano Gaudenzi, Davide Saronni, Silvia Carra, Maria Orietta Borghi, Manuela Albertelli, Diego Ferone, Leo J. Hofland, Luca Persani, Giovanni Vitale
  Neuroendocrinology.2021; 111(10): 937.     CrossRef
• Emerging drugs for the treatment of acromegaly
  Claudia Campana, Giuliana Corica, Federica Nista, Francesco Cocchiara, Giulia Graziani, Keyvan Khorrami, Marta Franco, Mara Boschetti, Diego Ferone, Federico Gatto
  Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs.2020; 25(4): 409.     CrossRef

The Korean Endocrine Society (KES) published clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acromegaly in 2011. Since then, the number of acromegaly cases, publications on studies addressing medical treatment of acromegaly, and demands for improvements in insurance coverage have been dramatically increasing. In 2017, the KES Committee of Health Insurance decided to publish a position statement regarding the use of somatostatin analogues in acromegaly. Accordingly, consensus opinions for the position statement were collected after intensive review of the relevant literature and discussions among experts affiliated with the KES, and the Korean Neuroendocrine Study Group. This position statement includes the characteristics, indications, dose, interval (including extended dose interval in case of lanreotide autogel), switching and preoperative use of somatostatin analogues in medical treatment of acromegaly. The recommended approach is based on the expert opinions in case of insufficient clinical evidence, and where discrepancies among the expert opinions were found, the experts voted to determine the recommended approach.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• SSTR-based therapies for gastroenteropancreatic and thoracic neuroendocrine neoplasms
  Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg, Beata Kos-Kudla
  Endocrine Reviews.2026; 47(4): 496.     CrossRef
• Somatostatin and Its Analogues as Second-Line Treatments in Non-Neoplastic Conditions
  Argyrios Periferakis, Lamprini Troumpata, Ioannis Xefteris, Alexandros Kanellos Mavrokefalos, Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis, Konstantinos Periferakis, Ana Caruntu, Andreea-Elena Scheau, Christiana Diana Maria Dragosloveanu, Constantin Caruntu, Cristia
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(9): 3816.     CrossRef
• Surgical treatment and somatostatin experience in growth hormone-secreting pituitary macroadenoma due to novel AIP mutation
  Kıymet Karagöz, Emine Şeyma Eken, Gülin Karacan Küçükali, Muhammed Erkan Emrahoğlu, Duygu Düzcan Kilimci, Melikşah Keskin, Erdal Kurnaz, Keziban Aslı Bala, Şule Yeşil, Şükriye Yılmaz, Abdullah Sezer, Şenay Savaş Erdeve
  Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 38(10): 1103.     CrossRef
• Early Postoperative Predictors of Remission After Transsphenoidal Surgery in Acromegaly: Introduction of the PARS
  Daisuke Tanioka, Ikuya Natori, Yusuke Kobayashi, Shintaro Arai, Masaki Matsumoto, Kenji Sumi, Katsuyoshi Shimizu, Yoichi Morofuji
  Journal of the Endocrine Society.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Hydrogel-fiber-mesh-based 3D cell cultures: A new method for studying pituitary tumors
  Wooju Jeong, Sungrok Wang, Yumin Kim, Soohyun Lee, Minhu Huang, Jaeil Park, Myung-Han Yoon, Chang-Myung Oh, Cheol Ryong Ku
  Smart Materials in Medicine.2024; 5(2): 281.     CrossRef
• Differential gene expression and pathway analysis in growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors according to granulation pattern
  Kyungwon Kim, Yeongmin Kim, Se Hoon Kim, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Eun Jig Lee, Chang-Myung Oh, Cheol Ryong Ku
  Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Agonists, Antagonists and Receptors of Somatostatin: Pathophysiological and Therapeutical Implications in Neoplasias
  Argyrios Periferakis, Georgios Tsigas, Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis, Carla Mihaela Tone, Daria Alexandra Hemes, Konstantinos Periferakis, Lamprini Troumpata, Ioana Anca Badarau, Cristian Scheau, Ana Caruntu, Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler, Constantin Carun
  Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2024; 46(9): 9721.     CrossRef
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 as a Pillar in Acromegaly: From Diagnosis to Long-Term Management
  Mi Kyung Kim
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(5): 693.     CrossRef
• Diagnosis and Management of Acromegaly: A Consensus Statement of the Pituitary Study Group of the Portuguese Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
  Luís Miguel Cardoso, Pedro Marques, Maria Teresa Pereira, Ana Agapito, Rui Almeida, Sara Amaral, Maria João Bugalho, Maria Begoña Cattoni, Luísa Cortez, Diana Borges Duarte, João Sequeira Duarte, Fernando Fonseca, Leonor Gomes, Inês Manique, Olinda
  Endocrinology Insights.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
• Acromegaly: Pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment
  Mirjana Doknić
  Galenika Medical Journal.2024; 3(12): 28.     CrossRef
• Evaluation and Management of Bone Health in Patients with Thyroid Diseases: A Position Statement of the Korean Thyroid Association
  A Ram Hong, Ho-Cheol Kang
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(2): 175.     CrossRef
• Growth Hormone Excess: Implications and Management
  Suneela Dhaneshwar, Shrishti Shandily, Vatsalya Tiwari
  Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets.2023; 23(6): 748.     CrossRef
• Revisiting the usefulness of the short acute octreotide test to predict treatment outcomes in acromegaly
  Montserrat Marques-Pamies, Joan Gil, Elena Valassi, Marta Hernández, Betina Biagetti, Olga Giménez-Palop, Silvia Martínez, Cristina Carrato, Laura Pons, Rocío Villar-Taibo, Marta Araujo-Castro, Concepción Blanco, Inmaculada Simón, Andreu Simó-Servat, Gemm
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Evaluation and Management of Bone Health in Patients with Thyroid Diseases: a Position Statement from the Korean Thyroid Association
  A Ram Hong, Hwa Young Ahn, Bu Kyung Kim, Seong Hee Ahn, So Young Park, Min-Hee Kim, Jeongmin Lee, Sun Wook Cho, Ho-Cheol Kang
  International Journal of Thyroidology.2022; 15(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Octreotide in the treatment of acromegaly – the possibilities of high-dose therapy
  I. A. Ilovayskaya
  Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2022; (10): 148.     CrossRef
• Approach of Acromegaly during Pregnancy
  Alexandru Dan Popescu, Mara Carsote, Ana Valea, Andreea Gabriela Nicola, Ionela Teodora Dascălu, Tiberiu Tircă, Jaqueline Abdul-Razzak, Mihaela Jana Țuculină
  Diagnostics.2022; 12(11): 2669.     CrossRef
• Left to themselves: Time to target chronic pain in childhood rare diseases
  Christine B. Sieberg, Alyssa Lebel, Erin Silliman, Scott Holmes, David Borsook, Igor Elman
  Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.2021; 126: 276.     CrossRef
• Severe respiratory failure in a patient with COVID-19 and acromegaly: rapid improvement after adding octreotide
  Jacob Luty, LesleAnn Hayward, Melanie Jackson, P Barton Duell
  BMJ Case Reports.2021; 14(8): e243900.     CrossRef
• Precision Therapy in Acromegaly Caused by Pituitary Tumors: How Close Is It to Reality?
  Cheol Ryong Ku, Vladimir Melnikov, Zhaoyun Zhang, Eun Jig Lee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(2): 206.     CrossRef
• Medical Treatment with Somatostatin Analogues in Acromegaly: Position Statement
  Sang Ouk Chin, Cheol Ryong Ku, Byung Joon Kim, Sung-Woon Kim, Kyeong Hye Park, Kee Ho Song, Seungjoon Oh, Hyun Koo Yoon, Eun Jig Lee, Jung Min Lee, Jung Soo Lim, Jung Hee Kim, Kwang Joon Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Dae Jung Kim, Kyung Ae Lee, Seong-Su Moon, Dong
  The Korean Journal of Medicine.2019; 94(6): 485.     CrossRef

Management of pituitary tumors is multidisciplinary, with medical therapy playing an increasingly important role. With the exception of prolactin-secreting tumors, surgery is still considered the first-line treatment for the majority of pituitary adenomas. However, medical/pharmacological therapy plays an important role in controlling hormone-producing pituitary adenomas, especially for patients with acromegaly and Cushing disease (CD). In the case of non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs), pharmacological therapy plays a minor role, the main objective of which is to reduce tumor growth, but this role requires further studies. For pituitary carcinomas and atypical adenomas, medical therapy, including chemotherapy, acts as an adjuvant to surgery and radiation therapy, which is often required to control these aggressive tumors. In the last decade, knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms of various pituitary adenomas has increased, thus novel medical therapies that target specific pathways implicated in tumor synthesis and hormonal over secretion are now available. Advancement in patient selection and determination of prognostic factors has also helped to individualize therapy for patients with pituitary tumors. Improvements in biochemical and “tumor mass” disease control can positively affect patient quality of life, comorbidities and overall survival. In this review, the medical armamentarium for treating CD, acromegaly, prolactinomas, NFA, and carcinomas/aggressive atypical adenomas will be presented. Pharmacological therapies, including doses, mode of administration, efficacy, adverse effects, and use in special circumstances are provided. Medical therapies currently under clinical investigation are also briefly discussed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• A comprehensive approach to conservative treatment of menstrual disorders by stress-induced hyperprolactinemia
  V.O. Beniuk, V.M. Goncharenko, V.V. Kurochka, S.V. Beniuk, T.V. Kovaliuk, T.V. Ilnytcka, S.O. Briuhan
  Reproductive health of woman.2025; (2): 45.     CrossRef
• Multiomics Approach to Acromegaly: Unveiling Translational Insights for Precision Medicine
  Kyungwon Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Eun Jig Lee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(5): 463.     CrossRef
• PDCD10 promotes the aggressive behaviors of pituitary adenomas by up-regulating CXCR2 and activating downstream AKT/ERK signaling
  Jingdian Liu, Junwen Wang, Weidong Tian, Yu Xu, Ran Li, Kai Zhao, Chao You, Yuan Zhu, Joerg Walter Bartsch, Hongquan Niu, Huaqiu Zhang, Kai Shu, Ting Lei
  Aging.2022; 14(15): 6066.     CrossRef
• LncRNA MYMLR promotes pituitary adenoma development by upregulating carbonyl reductase 1 via sponging miR-197-3p
  Tuo Wang, Ping Mao, Yan Zhang, Bo Cui, Mao-De Wang, Ya Li, Ke Gao
  Anti-Cancer Drugs.2022; 33(10): 1058.     CrossRef
• Comparative Proteomic Study Shows the Expression of Hint-1 in Pituitary Adenomas
  Carolina Carrillo-Najar, Daniel Rembao-Bojórquez, Martha L. Tena-Suck, Sergio Zavala-Vega, Noemí Gelista-Herrera, Miguel A. Ramos-Peek, Juan L. Gómez-Amador, Febe Cazares-Raga, Fidel de la Cruz Hernández-Hernández, Alma Ortiz-Plata
  Diagnostics.2021; 11(2): 330.     CrossRef
• Recent Understanding and Future Directions of Recurrent Corticotroph Tumors
  José Miguel Hinojosa-Amaya, César Ernesto Lam-Chung, Daniel Cuevas-Ramos
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• What to Do with Incidentally Discovered Pituitary Abnormalities?
  Fabienne Langlois, Maria Fleseriu
  Medical Clinics of North America.2021; 105(6): 1081.     CrossRef
• Aggressive prolactinoma (Review)
  Ana Valea, Florica Sandru, Aida Petca, Mihai Dumitrascu, Mara Carsote, Razvan-Cosmin Petca, Adina Ghemigian
  Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas
  O. A. Beylerli, Zhao Shiguang, I. F. Gareev, Chen Xin
  Creative surgery and oncology.2020; 9(4): 311.     CrossRef
• Management of patients with persistent or recurrent Cushing’s disease after initial pituitary surgery
  Cristina Capatina, José Miguel Hinojosa-Amaya, Catalina Poiana, Maria Fleseriu
  Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2020; 15(5): 321.     CrossRef
• Modern principles of the diagnosis and conservative treatment of Cushing disease
  Ashraf Abdali, Ludmila Astafeva, Pavel Kalinin, Yuriy Trunin, I. V. Chernov, G. E. Сhmutin, Abdali Badshahzar, GulSharif Sherzad, Simfukwe Keith
  Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery).2020; (10): 67.     CrossRef
• Effects of Oxytocin on Cell Proliferation in a Corticotroph Adenoma Cell Line
  Jung Soo Lim, Young Woo Eom, Eun Soo Lee, Hyeong Ju Kwon, Ja-Young Kwon, Junjeong Choi, Choon Hee Chung, Young Suk Jo, Eun Jig Lee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2019; 34(3): 302.     CrossRef
• Pituitary Adenomas: What Are the Key Features? What Are the Current Treatments? Where Is the Future Taking Us?
  Domenico Solari, Rosario Pivonello, Chiara Caggiano, Elia Guadagno, Carmela Chiaramonte, Giovanni Miccoli, Luigi M. Cavallo, Marialaura Del Basso De Caro, Annamaria Colao, Paolo Cappabianca
  World Neurosurgery.2019; 127: 695.     CrossRef
• Expression of Cyclin E/Cdk2/p27Kip1 in Growth Hormone Adenomas
  Wei Dong, Haibo Zhu, Hua Gao, Wenjian Shi, Yu Zhang, Hongyun Wang, Chuzhong Li, Guidong Song, Yazhuo Zhang
  World Neurosurgery.2019; 121: e45.     CrossRef
• Acromegaly
  Annamaria Colao, Ludovica F. S. Grasso, Andrea Giustina, Shlomo Melmed, Philippe Chanson, Alberto M. Pereira, Rosario Pivonello
  Nature Reviews Disease Primers.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Differenzialdiagnostik und Therapie der Hypophysenadenome
  M. Hlaváč, F. Sommer, G. Karpel-Massler, R. Wirtz, T. Hoffmann, A. Paľa
  HNO.2019; 67(4): 307.     CrossRef
• Medical Management of Cushing’s Syndrome: Current and Emerging Treatments
  José Miguel Hinojosa-Amaya, Daniel Cuevas-Ramos, Maria Fleseriu
  Drugs.2019; 79(9): 935.     CrossRef
• Aggressive and Malignant Prolactinomas
  Nicoleta Cristina Olarescu, Luis G. Perez-Rivas, Federico Gatto, Thomas Cuny, Maria A. Tichomirowa, Gianluca Tamagno, Manuel D. Gahete
  Neuroendocrinology.2019; 109(1): 57.     CrossRef
• New Insights in Cushing Disease Treatment With Focus on a Derivative of Vitamin A
  Mariana Fuertes, Julieta Tkatch, Josefina Rosmino, Leandro Nieto, Mirtha Adriana Guitelman, Eduardo Arzt
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prenatal alcohol exposure increases the susceptibility to develop aggressive prolactinomas in the pituitary gland
  Shaima Jabbar, Kenneth Reuhl, Dipak K. Sarkar
  Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Aggressive and malignant pituitary tumours: state-of-the-art
  Dorota Dworakowska, Ashley B Grossman
  Endocrine-Related Cancer.2018; 25(11): R559.     CrossRef
• Epidemiología y caracterización general de los tumores cerebrales primarios en el adulto
  Maria Isabel Ocampo Navia, Juan Carlos Gómez Vega, Oscar Hernando Feo Lee
  Universitas Médica.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Triptolide inhibits pituitary adenoma cell viability, migration and invasion via ADAM12/EGFR signaling pathway
  Junwen Wang, Zhuo Zhang, Ran Li, Wei Sun, Juan Chen, Huaqiu Zhang, Kai Shu, Ting Lei
  Life Sciences.2018; 194: 150.     CrossRef
• Emerging roles of bexarotene in the prevention, treatment and anti-drug resistance of cancers
  Danyang Shen, Xiaoming Yu, Yan Wu, Yuanlei Chen, Gonghui Li, Feng Cheng, Liqun Xia
  Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2018; 18(5): 487.     CrossRef
• New Molecular Targets for Treatment of Cushing’s Disease
  Elizabeth Foulkes, John Newell-Price
  Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America.2018; 47(2): 367.     CrossRef
• Pituitary-Directed Therapies for Cushing’s Disease
  Fabienne Langlois, Jennifer Chu, Maria Fleseriu
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Acromegaly
  Roula Zahr, Maria Fleseriu
  European Endocrinology.2018; 14(2): 57.     CrossRef
• Root cause analysis of diagnostic and surgical failures in the treatment of suspected Cushing’s disease
  Hasan A. Zaidi, David L. Penn, David J. Cote, Edward R. Laws
  Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2018; 53: 153.     CrossRef

Acromegaly is a slowly progressing condition resulting from excess growth hormone (GH), generally caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Cancer is the third most common cause of mortality in patients with acromegaly, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is known to influence tumor formation by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm, and previous studies have suggested the possible role of IGF-1 in its development of MM. However, no cases of acromegaly accompanied with MM have been reported in Asia to date. We here report the case of a 58-year-old woman with acromegaly accompanied with MM who presented with longstanding acromegalic manifestations resulting from a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma and also exhibited anemia, a reversed albumin/globulin ratio, and plasmacytosis on bone marrow examination. Because IGF-1 has been suggested to play an important role in the development and progression of MM, the patient promptly underwent surgical removal of the pituitary adenoma via a transsphenoidal approach. Since there is currently no consensus on therapeutic guidelines and suggested prognosis for MM with acromegaly, long-term follow-up of such cases is needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Hematological Malignancy in a Hypophysectomised Acromegalic Patient Under 4-Year Therapy with Somatostatin Analogues: From a Rib Lump Underlying Bone Plasmatocytoma Features to Multiple Myeloma
  Mihaela Stanciu, Alina Cătană, Ruxandra Paula Ristea, Denisa Tanasescu, Mara Carsote, Florina Ligia Popa, Ioana-Codruța Lebădă
  Diagnostics.2025; 15(20): 2623.     CrossRef
• Co-Occurrence of Acromegaly and Hematological Disorders: A Myth or Common Pathogenic Mechanism
  Prakamya Gupta, Pinaki Dutta
  Integrative Medicine International.2017; 4(1-2): 94.     CrossRef

A macroinvasive pituitary adenoma with plurihormonality usually causes acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia, and also accompanies with neurologic symptoms such as visual disturbances. However, its concurrent presentation with a rectal carcinoid tumor is rarely observed. This study reports the history, biochemical, colonoscopic and immunohistochemical results of a 48-year-old female with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia. Despite the large size and invasive nature of the pituitary adenoma to adjacent anatomical structures, she did not complain of any neurologic symptoms such as visual disturbance or headache. Immunohistochemical staining of the surgical specimen from the pituitary adenoma revealed that the tumor cells were positive for growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Staining for pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) was shown to be strongly positive, which could have been possibly contributing to the plurihormonality of this adenoma. Colonoscopy found a rectal polyp that was identified to be a carcinoid tumor using immunohistochemical staining. A macroinvasive pituitary adenoma with concomitant rectal carcinoid tumor was secreting GH, PRL, and TSH, which were believed to be in association with over-expression of Pit-1. This is the first case report of double primary tumors comprising a plurihormonal pituitary macroadenoma and rectal carcinoid tumor.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Clinical Characteristics and Management of Cosecreting Thyroid Stimulating Hormone or Prolactin Pituitary Growth Hormone Adenomas: A Case-Control Study
  Caiyan Mo, Han Chen, Jian Xu, Ying Guo, Yao Wang, Zheng Li, Tao Tong, Songbai Gui, Liyong Zhong
  Endocrine Practice.2024; 30(5): 441.     CrossRef
• Growth Hormone Excess: Implications and Management
  Suneela Dhaneshwar, Shrishti Shandily, Vatsalya Tiwari
  Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets.2023; 23(6): 748.     CrossRef
• Pleiomorphism plurihormonal Pit-1-positive macroadenoma with central hyperthyroidism: a rare case report and literature review
  Guiliang Peng, Chuanhong Guo, Yangfan Lv, Dandan Li, Ling Zhou, Rufei Shen, Yong Chen, Xin Zheng, Zheng Sun, Hongting Zheng, Min Long
  BMC Endocrine Disorders.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• The Exon 3-Deleted Growth Hormone Receptor (d3GHR) Polymorphism—A Favorable Backdoor Mechanism for the GHR Function
  Ghadeer Falah, Lital Sharvit, Gil Atzmon
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(18): 13908.     CrossRef
• Gender Specificity and Local Socioeconomic Influence on Association of GHR fl/d3 Polymorphism With Growth and Metabolism in Children and Adolescents
  Xiaotian Chen, Chunlan Liu, Song Yang, Yaming Yang, Yanchun Chen, Xianghai Zhao, Weiguang Zhu, Qihui Zhao, Chuan Ni, Xiangyuan Huang, Weili Yan, Chong Shen, Harvest F. Gu
  Frontiers in Pediatrics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exon 3-deleted growth hormone receptor isoform is not related to worse bone mineral density or microarchitecture or to increased fracture risk in acromegaly
  J. Pontes, M. Madeira, C. H. A. Lima, L. L. Ogino, F. de Paula Paranhos Neto, L. M. C. de Mendonça, M. L. F. Farias, L. Kasuki, M. R. Gadelha
  Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2020; 43(2): 163.     CrossRef
• MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Lessons from growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mice: are there benefits of endocrine defects?
  Reetobrata Basu, Yanrong Qian, John J Kopchick
  European Journal of Endocrinology.2018; 178(5): R155.     CrossRef
• MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Clinical and pharmacogenetic aspects of the growth hormone receptor polymorphism
  Cesar L Boguszewski, Edna J L Barbosa, Per-Arne Svensson, Gudmundur Johannsson, Camilla A M Glad
  European Journal of Endocrinology.2017; 177(6): R309.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Growth Hormone Assay-Adjusted Standardization Reveals Distinct Clinical Phenotypes in Acromegaly
  Betina Biagetti, Pedro Marques, Roser Ferrer, Luís Miguel Cardoso, Eva Venegas Moreno, Carmen Fajardo-Montañana, Laura Gonzalez-Fernandez, Marta María Pérez Pena, Rogelio García-Centeno, Claudia Lozano-Aida, Iría Novoa-Testa, Eider Pascual-Corrales, Raúl
  Endocrine Practice.2026; 32(2): 236.     CrossRef
• Does size really matter? A closer look at the absolute size of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas
  Katharina Schilbach, Gérald Raverot
  Pituitary.2024; 27(5): 440.     CrossRef
• Sex differences in acromegaly at diagnosis: A nationwide cohort study and meta‐analysis of the literature
  Jakob Dal, Benedikte G. Skov, Marianne Andersen, Ulla Feldt‐Rasmussen, Claus L. Feltoft, Jesper Karmisholt, Eigil H. Nielsen, Olaf M. Dekkers, Jens Otto L. Jørgensen
  Clinical Endocrinology.2021; 94(4): 625.     CrossRef
• Pretreatment serum GH levels and cardio-metabolic comorbidities in acromegaly; analysis of data from Iran Pituitary Tumor Registry
  Leila Hedayati Zafarghandi, Mohammad Ebrahim Khamseh, Milad Fooladgar, Shahrzad Mohseni, Mostafa Qorbani, Nahid Hashemi Madani, Mahboobeh Hemmatabadi, MohammadReza Mohajeri-Tehrani, Nooshin Shirzad
  Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2020; 19(1): 319.     CrossRef
• Increased serum nesfatin-1 levels in patients with acromegaly
  Yakun Yang, Song Han, Zuocheng Yang, Pengfei Wang, Chang-Xiang Yan, Ning Liu
  Medicine.2020; 99(40): e22432.     CrossRef
• Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2014
  Won-Young Lee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(1): 47.     CrossRef

The leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acromegaly is cardiovascular complications. Myocardial exposure to excessive growth hormone can cause ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, arrhythmia, and diastolic dysfunction. However, congestive heart failure as a result of systolic dysfunction is observed only rarely in patients with acromegaly. Most cases of acromegaly exhibit high levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Acromegaly with normal IGF-1 levels is rare and difficult to diagnose. Here, we report a rare case of an acromegalic patient whose first clinical manifestation was severe congestive heart failure, despite normal IGF-1 levels. We diagnosed acromegaly using a glucose-loading growth hormone suppression test. Cardiac function and myocardial hypertrophy improved 6 months after transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary adenoma.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Acromegaly presenting with normal insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in a patient with advanced liver cirrhosis
  Ciara Kilcoyne, Kevin Burke, Michael W O’Reilly, Masood Iqbal, Mark Sherlock
  BMJ Case Reports.2026; 19(2): e266505.     CrossRef
• A Case of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Secondary to Dilated Cardiomyopathy due to Long‐Standing Untreated Acromegaly: A Case Report and Focused Literature Review
  Cristian Orlando Porras Bueno, Nancy Muriel Herrera Leaño, María Juliana Soto Chávez, Darío Parra Prieto, Alejandro Mariño Correa
  Clinical Case Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The effect of first intervention on cardiac parameters in patients with acromegaly: a systematic review
  Kevin A Huynh, Jin Al-Gully, José M Montero-Cabezas, Linda E Scheffers, Marco J T Verstegen, Nienke R Biermasz, Eva C Coopmans
  European Journal of Endocrinology.2025; 192(2): S1.     CrossRef
• From Subtle Signs to Severe Sequelae—A Century of Symptomatology and Comorbidities in the Diagnosis of GH-Secreting Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review
  María José Ayora, Lizeth Vinueza-Mera, Santiago Aynaguano, David Poma Jimenez, Felipe Loza Hernandez, Sebastian Jara Jimenez, Jose A. Rodas, Jose E. Leon-Rojas
  Diagnostics.2025; 15(17): 2137.     CrossRef
• Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Patients With Acromegaly
  Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Kyung-Soo Kim, Cheol-Young Park
  Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Levels of Serum IGF-1, HCY, and Plasma BNP in Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure and Their Relationship with Cardiac Function and Short-Term Prognosis
  Zhengyi Hu, Leifang Mao, Ling Wang, Weiguo Li
  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
• Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with Concurrent Multiple Endocrine Disorders: Adenomatous Goiter, Primary Hyperparathyroidism, and Acromegaly
  Shigemitsu Yasuda, Ikuo Inoue, Akira Shimada
  Internal Medicine.2021; 60(15): 2451.     CrossRef
• Metformin stimulates IGFBP-2 gene expression through PPARalpha in diabetic states
  Hye Suk Kang, Ho-Chan Cho, Jae-Ho Lee, Goo Taeg Oh, Seung-Hoi Koo, Byung-Hyun Park, In-Kyu Lee, Hueng-Sik Choi, Dae-Kyu Song, Seung-Soon Im
  Scientific Reports.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef

Acromegaly is a slowly progressive disease caused by excessive growth hormone (GH), which is related to a GH secreting pituitary tumor in most cases. Herein, we describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment of acromegaly in Korea with a literature review. The average annual incidence of acromegaly in Korea was 3.9 cases per million people, which was within the range of previous Western studies. The primary treatment for acromegaly was also transsphenoidal adenomectomy, which accounted for 90.4% of patients whose primary therapeutic options were known. The overall surgical remission rates were 89%, 87%, 64%, 70%, and 50% for modified Hardy classification I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV, respectively. An updated and larger study regarding the treatment outcome of medical/radiotherapy in Korean acromegalic patients is needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Automatic acromegaly detection using deep learning on hand images: a multicenter observational study
  Yuka Ohmachi, Mizuho Nishio, Ichiro Abe, Kunihisa Kobayashi, Tomoko Iida, Manabu Shirakawa, Yuichi Nagata, Kazuhito Takeuchi, Akira Taguchi, Yasuyuki Kinoshita, Noriaki Fukuhara, Hiroshi Nishioka, Shigeyuki Tahara, Shingo Fujio, Takafumi Ogura, Masamichi
  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2026; 111(8): e1994.     CrossRef
• Risk of depression in patients with acromegaly in Korea (2006-2016): a nationwide population-based study
  Shinje Moon, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
  European Journal of Endocrinology.2023; 189(3): 363.     CrossRef
• Increased Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Acromegaly: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea
  Jiwon Kim, Namki Hong, Jimi Choi, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Eun Jig Lee, Sin Gon Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 690.     CrossRef
• Selective screening of patients with associated somatic diseases as a method of early detection of acromegaly
  M. B. Antsiferov, V. S. Pronin, T. M. Alekseeva, O. A. Ionova, E. Y. Martynova, Yu. E. Poteshkin, N. A. Chubrova, K. Y. Zherebchikova
  Problems of Endocrinology.2021; 67(1): 20.     CrossRef
• Precision Therapy in Acromegaly Caused by Pituitary Tumors: How Close Is It to Reality?
  Cheol Ryong Ku, Vladimir Melnikov, Zhaoyun Zhang, Eun Jig Lee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(2): 206.     CrossRef
• Patient Characteristics, Diagnostic Delays, Treatment Patterns, Treatment Outcomes, Comorbidities, and Treatment Costs of Acromegaly in China: A Nationwide Study
  Xiaopeng Guo, Kailu Wang, Siyue Yu, Lu Gao, Zihao Wang, Huijuan Zhu, Bing Xing, Shuyang Zhang, Dong Dong
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Epidemiología de la acromegalia en Ecuador
  Enrique López Gavilanez, Kempis Guerrero Franco, Narcisa Solórzano Zambrano, Manuel Navarro Chávez, Camilo López Estrella, Luis Vaca Burbano, Eduardo Marriott Díaz
  Endocrinología y Nutrición.2016; 63(7): 333.     CrossRef
• A magnetic resonance imaging‐based classification system for indication of trans‐sphenoidal hypophysectomy in canine pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolism
  A. Sato, T. Teshima, H. Ishino, Y. Harada, T. Yogo, N. Kanno, D. Hasegawa, Y. Hara
  Journal of Small Animal Practice.2016; 57(5): 240.     CrossRef
• Epidemiology of acromegaly in Ecuador
  Enrique López Gavilanez, Kempis Guerrero Franco, Narcisa Solórzano Zambrano, Manuel Navarro Chávez, Camilo López Estrella, Luis Vaca Burbano, Eduardo Marriott Díaz
  Endocrinología y Nutrición (English Edition).2016; 63(7): 333.     CrossRef
• An Association Study Between Gene Polymorphisms of Folic Acid Metabolism Enzymes and Biochemical and Hormonal Parameters in Acromegaly
  Aslı Tetik Vardarlı, Ayhan Zengi, Vildan Bozok Çetintaş, Muammer Karadeniz, Sadık Tamsel, Ali Şahin Küçükaslan, Timur Köse, Füsun Saygılı, Zuhal Eroglu
  Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers.2015; 19(8): 431.     CrossRef
• Diagnosis, treatment and clinical perspectives of acromegaly
  Ferdinand Roelfsema, Gerrit van den Berg
  Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2015; 10(6): 619.     CrossRef
• Change in quality of life in patients with acromegaly after treatment with octreotide LAR: first application of AcroQoL in Korea
  Sang Ouk Chin, Choon Hee Chung, Yoon-Sok Chung, Byung-Joon Kim, Hee Young Kim, In-Ju Kim, Jung Guk Kim, Min-Seon Kim, Seong-Yeon Kim, Eun Jig Lee, Ki Young Lee, Sung-Woon Kim
  BMJ Open.2015; 5(6): e006898.     CrossRef
• Brief Review of Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2013
  Won-Young Lee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(3): 251.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• A 24-Year-Old Male with Gigantism, Growth Hormone Deficiency, Suspected Clivus Chordoma, Primary Hypothyroidism, Hypogonadism and Pancytopenia
  W.A. Arsana, M.I. Diah Pramudianti
  INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY.2019; 26(2): 249.     CrossRef
• Hormones and the Bone Marrow: Panhypopituitarism and Pancytopenia in a Man with a Pituitary Adenoma
  Dianna Lang, Jennifer S. Mead, David B. Sykes
  Journal of General Internal Medicine.2015; 30(5): 692.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Pharmacoeconomic analysis of lanreotide and prolonged-release octreotide in first- and second-line therapy of acromegaly
  I. S. Krysanov, E. V. Makarova, V. Yu. Ermakova, D. V. Kurkin
  FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology.2025; 18(1): 22.     CrossRef
• Medical Treatment with Somatostatin Analogues in Acromegaly: Position Statement
  Sang Ouk Chin, Cheol Ryong Ku, Byung Joon Kim, Sung-Woon Kim, Kyeong Hye Park, Kee Ho Song, Seungjoon Oh, Hyun Koo Yoon, Eun Jig Lee, Jung Min Lee, Jung Soo Lim, Jung Hee Kim, Kwang Joon Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Dae Jung Kim, Kyung Ae Lee, Seong-Su Moon, Dong
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2019; 34(1): 53.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Optimization of ethanol extraction and further purification of isoflavones from soybean sprout cotyledon
  Seung Yong Cho, Yu Nam Lee, Hyun Jin Park
  Food Chemistry.2009; 117(2): 312.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Letter: Comparison of the Efficacy of Octreotide Long-acting Repeatable and Lanreotide Autogel in Acromegalic Patients (J Korean Endocr Soc 25:37-45, 2010)
  Yu-Bae Ahn
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2010; 25(2): 157.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Octreotide LAR on GH and TSH Co-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma
  Nam Keong Kim, Yu Jin Hah, Ho Young Lee, Sang Jin Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Keun Gyu Park, Ealmaan Kim, Hyukwon Chang, Hye Soon Kim
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2010; 25(4): 378.     CrossRef
• Comparison of the Efficacy of Octreotide Long-acting Repeatable and Lanreotide Autogel in Acromegalic Patients
  Seul young Kim, Dohee Kim
  Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2010; 25(1): 37.     CrossRef
• Response: Comparison of the Efficacy of Octreotide Long-acting Repeatable and Lanreotide Autogel in Acromegalic Patients (J Korean Endocr Soc 25:37-45, 2010)
  Seul Young Kim, Dohee Kim
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2010; 25(2): 159.     CrossRef