Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Position Statement from Korean Endocrine Society and Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology: Jung Hee Kim, Hyun Wook Chae, Sang Ouk Chin, Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyeong Hye Park, Dong Jun Lim, Kwang Joon Kim, Jung Soo Lim, Gyuri Kim, Yun Mi Choi, Seong Hee Ahn, Min Ji Jeon, Yul Hwangbo, Ju Hee Lee, Bu Kyung Kim, Yong Jun Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Seong-Su Moon, Hwa Young Ahn, Hoon Sung Choi, Sang Mo Hong, Dong Yeob Shin, Ji A Seo, Se Hwa Kim, Seungjoon Oh, Sung Hoon Yu, Byung Joon Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Sung-Woon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Eun Jig Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):272-287. Published online June 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.272

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Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is caused by congenital or acquired causes and occurs in childhood or adulthood. GH replacement therapy brings benefits to body composition, exercise capacity, skeletal health, cardiovascular outcomes, and quality of life. Before initiating GH replacement, GH deficiency should be confirmed through proper stimulation tests, and in cases with proven genetic causes or structural lesions, repeated GH stimulation testing is not necessary. The dosing regimen of GH replacement therapy should be individualized, with the goal of minimizing side effects and maximizing clinical improvements. The Korean Endocrine Society and the Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology have developed a position statement on the diagnosis and treatment of GH deficiency. This position statement is based on a systematic review of evidence and expert opinions.

Citations

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Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(9): 3472. CrossRef
Once-weekly somapacitan vs. daily norditropin in GHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety in children and adults
Sarah Azhar, Mohammad Daniyal, Roshni Riaz Memon, Hamza Sajid, Nad e Ali Yousfani, Hamza Yousuf Ibrahim, Syeda Umme Farwa, Shaharyar Ahmed, Mohsin Ali, Rimsha Abbas, Syed Muhammad Abbas, Ahmed Ali Khan, Haider Imran
Endocrine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
De novo ARID1A Coffin-Siris syndrome with hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia: A case report and literature review
Michael N Fragos, Ilektra Toulia, Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Parthena Savvidou, Ioannis Taiganidis, Panagiota Zissiadis, Charalampos Antachopoulos, Dimitrios G Goulis, Kyriaki Tsiroukidou
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Long‐Acting Growth Hormone Versus Daily Growth Hormone for Growth Hormone Deficiency Patients: A Network Meta‐Analysis of Clinical Trials
Amir Abadi, Usra Ghanem, Hamid Ghanem, Ahmed Jalal Sawafta, Ayah Abulehia, Mohammed Ataya, Rahma Nairat, Alhammam Mohammad Sammour, Hazem Ayesh
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
GHRH in diabetes and metabolism
Charlotte Steenblock, Stefan R. Bornstein
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2025; 26(3): 413. CrossRef
Biomarkers of GH deficiency identified in untreated and GH-treated Pit-1 mutant mice
Sarmed Al-Samerria, Huiting Xu, M. Elena Diaz-Rubio, Joseph Phelan, Chi Su, Keer Ma, Anna Newen, Kiana Li, Sayaka Yamada, Ariel L. Negron, Fredric Wondisford, Sally Radovick
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The TUITEK® patient support program improved caregiver-related behaviors on growth hormone treatment adherence
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Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Otolaryngological Problems Among Patients with Growth Hormone Deficiency—A Systematic Review
Gazala Abdulaziz-Opiela, Paweł Witkowski, Yasmina Późniak, Julia Bajdor, Joanna Bautembach, Małgorzata Myśliwiec, Bogusław Mikaszewski
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(9): 3064. CrossRef
Serum levels of leucine-rich α–2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), pro-neurotensin (PNT), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and furin in pediatric growth hormone deficiency before and after 1-year growth hormone replacement therapy
Zhibo Zhou, Yuxin Sun, Zeyan Zheng, Xiaoyuan Guo, Hongbo Yang, Shi Chen, Hui Pan, Huijuan Zhu
Cytokine.2025; 195: 157022. CrossRef
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Saikat Fakir, Md Matiur Rahman Sarker, Madan Sigdel, Nektarios Barabutis
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Once-Weekly Somapacitan as an Alternative Management of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Prepubertal Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial
Ghina Tsurayya, Cut Alifiya Nazhifah, Muhammad Rahmat Pirwanja, Putri Oktaviani Zulfa, Muhammad Raihan Ramadhan Tatroman, Fajar Fakri, Muhammad Iqhrammullah
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Growth Hormone Deficiency and Growth Hormone Stimulation Test
胜彬孙
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(06): 1587. CrossRef
Clinical Management of Postoperative Growth Hormone Deficiency in Hypothalamic-Pituitary Tumors
Pedro Iglesias
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(15): 4307. CrossRef
Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency
Anastasia Ibba, Chiara Guzzetti, Lavinia Sanfilippo, Sandro Loche
Endocrines.2024; 5(3): 341. CrossRef
L‐DOPA Test in the Diagnosis of Childhood Short Stature: Evaluation of Growth Hormone Peaks Over Time
Barbara Castelli, Rita De Santis, Simona Carrera, Marco Andrea Malanima, Salvatore De Masi, Stefano Stagi
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Hsa_circ_0002473 inhibits GH3 cell proliferation and GH secretion as a competitive endogenous RNA for has-miR-4645-3p
Kaiyu Pan, Xiaoguang Jiang, Xiaohong Hu, Jianhua Zhan, Chengyue Zhang
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 37(12): 1054. CrossRef
Baseline Clinical Factors Associated with Cessation of Growth Hormone Therapy in Patients with Severe Growth Hormone Deficiency - Real World Evidence
Nageswary Nadarajah, Emmanuel Ssemmondo, Shani Brooks, Remi Akinyombo, Kazeem Adeleke, Harshal Deshmukh, Thozhukat Sathyapalan
International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cohort profile: Multicenter Networks for Ideal Outcomes of Rare Pediatric Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases in Korea (OUTSPREAD study)
Yun Jeong Lee, Chong Kun Cheon, Junghwan Suh, Jung-Eun Moon, Moon Bae Ahn, Seong Hwan Chang, Jieun Lee, Jin Ho Choi, Minsun Kim, Han Hyuk Lim, Jaehyun Kim, Shin-Hye Kim, Hae Sang Lee, Yena Lee, Eungu Kang, Se Young Kim, Yong Hee Hong, Seung Yang, Heon-Seo
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 29(6): 349. CrossRef
Pituitary abnormalities in patients with pediatric growth hormone deficiency in a single tertiary center
Hyeon Jun Jung, Jeong Rye Kim, Jeesuk Yu
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Evaluation of Adult Height in Patients with Non-Permanent Idiopathic GH Deficiency
Agnese Murianni, Anna Lussu, Chiara Guzzetti, Anastasia Ibba, Letizia Casula, Mariacarolina Salerno, Marco Cappa, Sandro Loche
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The effect of hypothalamic involvement and growth hormone treatment on cardiovascular risk factors during the transition period in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma
Sang Hee Park, Yun Jeong Lee, Jung-Eun Cheon, Choong Ho Shin, Hae Woon Jung, Young Ah Lee
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 28(2): 107. CrossRef
Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Possible Aid for Detecting Hypoglycemic Events during Insulin Tolerance Tests
Soo Yeun Sim, Moon Bae Ahn
Sensors.2023; 23(15): 6892. CrossRef
The risk patients with AGHD have of developing CVD
Eisha Javed, Maha Zehra, Naz Elahi
International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention.2023; 19: 200221. CrossRef
Diagnosis of GH Deficiency Without GH Stimulation Tests
Anastasia Ibba, Sandro Loche
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Metabolic Impacts of Discontinuation and Resumption of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment during the Transition Period in Patients with Childhood-Onset Growth Hormone Deficiency
Yun Jeong Lee, Yunha Choi, Han-Wook Yoo, Young Ah Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Han Saem Choi, Ho-Seong Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Jung Eun Moon, Cheol Woo Ko, Moon Bae Ahn, Byung-Kyu Suh, Jin-Ho Choi
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(2): 359. CrossRef
A Radiomics-Based Model with the Potential to Differentiate Growth Hormone Deficiency and Idiopathic Short Stature on Sella MRI
Taeyoun Lee, Kyungchul Song, Beomseok Sohn, Jihwan Eom, Sung Soo Ahn, Ho-Seong Kim, Seung-Koo Lee
Yonsei Medical Journal.2022; 63(9): 856. CrossRef
Phenotypic spectrum of patients with mutations in CHD7: clinical implications of endocrinological findings
Ja Hye Kim, Yunha Choi, Soojin Hwang, Gu-Hwan Kim, Han-Wook Yoo, Jin-Ho Choi
Endocrine Connections.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Endocrine Disorders: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
Hyemi Kwon, Eun Roh, Chang Ho Ahn, Hee Kyung Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyong Yeun Jung, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Heui Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sangmo Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Jun Sung Moon, Jin Hwa Kim, Mi-kyung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 839. CrossRef
Laron syndrome: clinic, diagnostics (а clinical case)
P.M. Lіashuk, R.P. Lіashuk, N.I. Stankova, M.B. Kudina
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(2): 322. CrossRef
Asian Conference on Tumor Ablation Guidelines for Adrenal Tumor Ablation
Byung Kwan Park, Masashi Fujimori, Shu-Huei Shen, Uei Pua
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(3): 553. CrossRef
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Byung Kwan Park, Shu-Huei Shen, Masashi Fujimori, Yi Wang
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency
Jung Hee Kim
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Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland
Medical Treatment with Somatostatin Analogues in Acromegaly: Position Statement: Sang Ouk Chin, Cheol Ryong Ku, Byung Joon Kim, Sung-Woon Kim, Kyeong Hye Park, Kee Ho Song, Seungjoon Oh, Hyun Koo Yoon, Eun Jig Lee, Jung Min Lee, Jung Soo Lim, Jung Hee Kim, Kwang Joon Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Dae Jung Kim, Kyung Ae Lee, Seong-Su Moon, Dong Jun Lim, Dong Yeob Shin, Se Hwa Kim, Min Jeong Kwon, Ha Young Kim, Jin Hwa Kim, Dong Sun Kim, Chong Hwa Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2019;34(1):53-62. Published online March 21, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2019.34.1.53

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The Korean Endocrine Society (KES) published clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acromegaly in 2011. Since then, the number of acromegaly cases, publications on studies addressing medical treatment of acromegaly, and demands for improvements in insurance coverage have been dramatically increasing. In 2017, the KES Committee of Health Insurance decided to publish a position statement regarding the use of somatostatin analogues in acromegaly. Accordingly, consensus opinions for the position statement were collected after intensive review of the relevant literature and discussions among experts affiliated with the KES, and the Korean Neuroendocrine Study Group. This position statement includes the characteristics, indications, dose, interval (including extended dose interval in case of lanreotide autogel), switching and preoperative use of somatostatin analogues in medical treatment of acromegaly. The recommended approach is based on the expert opinions in case of insufficient clinical evidence, and where discrepancies among the expert opinions were found, the experts voted to determine the recommended approach.

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Early Postoperative Predictors of Remission After Transsphenoidal Surgery in Acromegaly: Introduction of the PARS
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Medical Treatment with Somatostatin Analogues in Acromegaly: Position Statement
Sang Ouk Chin, Cheol Ryong Ku, Byung Joon Kim, Sung-Woon Kim, Kyeong Hye Park, Kee Ho Song, Seungjoon Oh, Hyun Koo Yoon, Eun Jig Lee, Jung Min Lee, Jung Soo Lim, Jung Hee Kim, Kwang Joon Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Dae Jung Kim, Kyung Ae Lee, Seong-Su Moon, Dong
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Original Article

Mineral, Bone & Muscle
Increased Sclerostin Levels after Further Ablation of Remnant Estrogen by Aromatase Inhibitors: Wonjin Kim, Yoonjung Chung, Se Hwa Kim, Sehee Park, Jae Hyun Bae, Gyuri Kim, Su Jin Lee, Jo Eun Kim, Byeong-Woo Park, Sung-Kil Lim, Yumie Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(1):58-64. Published online March 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.1.58

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Background

Sclerostin is a secreted Wnt inhibitor produced almost exclusively by osteocytes, which inhibits bone formation. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs), which reduce the conversion of steroids to estrogen, are used to treat endocrine-responsive breast cancer. As AIs lower estrogen levels, they increase bone turnover and lower bone mass. We analyzed changes in serum sclerostin levels in Korean women with breast cancer who were treated with an AI.

Methods

We included postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer (n=90; mean age, 57.7 years) treated with an AI, and compared them to healthy premenopausal women (n=36; mean age, 28.0 years). The subjects were randomly assigned to take either 5 mg alendronate with 0.5 µg calcitriol (n=46), or placebo (n=44) for 6 months.

Results

Postmenopausal women with breast cancer had significantly higher sclerostin levels compared to those in premenopausal women (27.8±13.6 pmol/L vs. 23.1±4.8 pmol/L, P<0.05). Baseline sclerostin levels positively correlated with either lumbar spine or total hip bone mineral density only in postmenopausal women (r=0.218 and r=0.233; P<0.05, respectively). Serum sclerostin levels increased by 39.9%±10.2% 6 months after AI use in postmenopausal women; however, no difference was observed between the alendronate and placebo groups (39.9%±10.2% vs. 55.9%±9.13%, P>0.05).

Conclusion

Serum sclerostin levels increased with absolute deficiency of residual estrogens in postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer who underwent AI therapy with concurrent bone loss.

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Michelle M. McDonald, Jesus Delgado-Calle
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Editorial

Mineral, Bone & Muscle
Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Bone Mineral Density in Men with Hypogonadism: Se Hwa Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(1):30-32. Published online March 14, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.1.30

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Männergesundheit: Testosteronmangel als Risikofaktor

Uro-News.2014; 18(3): 72. CrossRef

Response

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Response: The Association between Serum Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Vertebral Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2012;27:289-94, Cheol Ho Lee et al.): Cheol Ho Lee, Min Kyung Lee, Hyun Jeong Han, Tae Ho Kim, Jae Hyuk Lee, Se Hwa Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(1):78-79. Published online March 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.1.78

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Original Articles

The Association between Serum Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Vertebral Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes.: Cheol Ho Lee, Min Kyung Lee, Hyun Jeong Han, Tae Ho Kim, Jae Hyuk Lee, Se Hwa Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(4):289-294. Published online December 20, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.4.289

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Patients with type 2 diabetes are known to have an increased risk for osteoporotic fractures compared with non-diabetic subjects. We investigated whether the serum endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) or pentosidine was associated with prevalent vertebral fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We enrolled 140 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (73 men aged 50 or older and 67 postmenopausal women). Lateral X-ray films of the spine revealed prevalent vertebral fractures. The serum concentration of esRAGE and pentosidine were measured. RESULTS: The mean age of all patients was 66.2 +/- 6.5 years and 22% of patients had prevalent vertebral fractures. Serum pentosidine levels were similar between those with and without vertebral fractures. There were no significant correlations between serum esRAGE levels and age, body mass index, duration of diabetes, and hemoglobin A1c. However, patients with moderate or severe vertebral fractures have a lower esRAGE level compared to those without after adjusting for age and gender (0.33 +/- 0.12 ng/mL vs. 0.24 +/- 0.03 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients in the lowest tertile of esRAGE had a higher risk of moderate or severe vertebral fractures (odds ratio, 16.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-198.5) than patients in the highest tertile. CONCLUSION: These results revealed that a low esRAGE level was independently associated with moderate or severe vertebral fractures in type 2 diabetic patients.

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Letter: The Association between Serum Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Vertebral Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2012;27:289-94, Cheol Ho Lee et al.)
You-Cheol Hwang
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2013; 28(1): 76. CrossRef

Association of Coronary Artery Disease and Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture in Korean Men and Women.: Sun Ok Song, Kyung Won Park, Seung Hoon Yoo, Won Jun Koh, Byung Soo Kang, Tae Ho Kim, Hyeong Jin Kim, Yun Hyeong Cho, Deok Kyu Cho, Se Hwa Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(1):39-44. Published online March 1, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.1.39

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The association of osteoporotic vertebral fracture or osteoporosis with coronary artery disease (CAD) was investigated in Korean men and women. METHODS: Four hundred consecutive postmenopausal women and men aged 50 years and older, undergoing coronary angiography, were enrolled for the evaluation of established or suspected coronary artery disease. CAD was diagnosed if there was narrowing of > 50% diameter in one or more major coronary artery. Morphometric vertebral fracture was assessed using lateral thoracic and lumbar spine radiographs. Bone mineral density was performed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Of the 400 subjects in the study (mean age of 61.9 +/- 11.6 years), 256 patients had CAD. Vertebral fracture was observed in 94 (23.5%) patients. There was no difference in vertebral fracture according to the presence or absence of CAD. In logistic regression analysis, vertebral fracture was not significantly associated with CAD after adjustment for multiple risk factors. Although women had lower BMD at any given site than men, BMD was not associated with the presence or absence of CAD among 191 patients. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that osteoporotic vertebral fracture or osteoporosis was not associated with coronary artery disease in Korean men and women.

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Associations of subclinical manifestations of coronary and carotid artery atherosclerosis with bone strength parameters in asymptomatic women
Irina A. Skripnikova, Maria A. Kolchina, Olga V. Kosmatova, Olesia Yu. Isaykina, Vladimir A. Vygodin, Oxana M. Drapkina
Archives of Osteoporosis.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Fundamental and practical aspects of coronary artery calcification
O. L. Barbarash, V. V. Kashtalap, I. A. Shibanova, A. N. Kokov
Russian Journal of Cardiology.2020; 25: 4005. CrossRef
Assessment of Subclinical Manifestations of Atherosclerosis of Coronary and Peripheral Arteries and Bone Strength Parameters in Women
I. A. Skripnikova, M. A. Kolchina, O. V. Kosmatova, M. A. Myagkova, V. E. Novikov, O. Yu. Isaykina, O. M. Drapkina
Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology.2020; 16(6): 868. CrossRef
Association factor analysis between osteoporosis with cerebral artery disease
Eun-Sun Jin, Je Hoon Jeong, Bora Lee, Soo Bin Im
Medicine.2017; 96(9): e6164. CrossRef
VASCULAR CALCIFICATION, ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND BONE LOSS (OSTEOPOROSIS): NEW PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
A. Dolzhenko, T. Richter, S. Sagalovsky
Almanac of Clinical Medicine.2016; 44(4): 513. CrossRef
Aortic Calcification and Bone Metabolism: The Relationship between Aortic Calcification, BMD, Vertebral Fracture, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, and Osteocalcin
Kwang Joon Kim, Kyoung Min Kim, Kyeong Hye Park, Han Seok Choi, Yumie Rhee, Yong Ho Lee, Bong Soo Cha, Myong Jin Kim, Sun Min Oh, J. Keenan Brown, Sung Kil Lim
Calcified Tissue International.2012; 91(6): 370. CrossRef

Identification and Validation of the Relationship of the Anabolic Effect of Parathyroid Hormone with the Wnt/beta-catenin Canonical Pathway.: Se Hwa Kim, Juan Ji An, Yumie Rhee, Sung Kil Lim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(6):411-418. Published online December 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.6.411

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
It has been well established that daily injections of low dose parathyroid hormone (PTH) increase bone mass in animals and humans. However, the precise mechanisms by which PTH exerts its anabolic action on bone are incompletely understood. The canonical Wnt-b-catenin signaling pathway has recently been demonstrated to have an important role in bone cell function. In the present study, we have examined the interaction between the PTH and Wnt signaling pathways in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. METHODS & RESULTS: MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 0.01-0.84 micrometer recombinant PTH. beta-catenin expression was significantly increased after 30 minutes of exposure to PTH and reached a maximum 2.7 fold increase at 1 hr and expression then faded at 6 hrs. In addition, treatment with PTH increased nuclear accumulation of activated beta-catenin; the ratio between the nuclear to cytoplasmic protein was more than three fold at 30 minutes and beyond. Moreover, PTH stimulated T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) reporter gene activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. Confocal microscopy revealed nuclear translocation of beta-catenin by PTH as compared with a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) inhibitor. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the anabolic mechanism of PTH might be partially associated with the Wnt-canonical pathway. The appropriate target of another anabolic agent should be determined through further studies of this pathway.

Citations

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Effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on fish hepatoma cells treated with mercury chloride and ionizing radiation
Jin Kyu Kim, Min Han, Mohammad Nili
Chemosphere.2011; 85(10): 1635. CrossRef
Bone Forming Effect of PTH through Wnt/β-catenin Signaling System
Dong Jin Chung, Min Young Chung
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2007; 22(6): 407. CrossRef

Case Report

A Case of Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Coexisting with Low Bone Mass.: Sung Wan Chun, Se Hwa Kim, Jong Yul Jung, Won Na Suh, Ji Ae Moon, Jong In Yook, Yoon Sok Chung, Yumie Rhee, Eun Jig Lee, Sung Kil Lim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(6):583-588. Published online December 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.6.583

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Abstract PDF: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutation of the calcium sensing receptor gene, and this is characterized by mild, persistently elevated levels of serum calcium without symptoms or complications. We present a case of clinically diagnosed familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia with unexpected low bone mass. A 19-year-old man presented with incidentally discovered hypercalcemia. He showed normal growth and sexual maturation. Biochemical studies showed hypercalcemia, increased parathyroid hormone, hypocalciuria, a decreased urinary calcium-creatinine ratio and decreased serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D. The other hormonal studies were normal. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry showed low bone mineral density, and the Sestamibi scan showed no abnormality in the parathyroid glands. Iliac bone biopsy showed a general decrease in bone density and increased porosity of the cortical bone. Normal mineralization was also shown, but in part, osteoid deposition was also found. Direct sequencing of the patient's calcium sensing receptor gene showed a point mutation at exon7, Q926R.

Original Articles

Effect of Weight Loss on Endothelial Function in Obese Premenopausal Women.: Se Woong Ma, Se Hwa Kim, Hyo Sung Nam, Kee Myoung Jung, Byung Hyun Yu, Yong Ju Lee, Seok O Park, Sung Kil Lim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(6):506-514. Published online December 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.6.506

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Endothelial dysfunction, a pathological feature of obesity, can predict the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. The endothelial function was compared in obese, non-obese, and type 2 diabetic women, and the effect of weight loss on endothelial function in obese premenopausal women was also investigated. METHODS: Twenty type 2 diabetes patients, 35 obese and 20 non-obese non-diabetic subjects were recruited. Both the endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIV) were measured. The body composition, serum lipid, serum adiponectin and resistin were also measured. Weight loss in obese women was obtained by 6 months of calorific restriction, aerobic exercise and medication (sibutramine or orlistat). RESULTS: EDV was significantly impaired in the type 2 diabetes and obese groups compared to the control group (6.0 +/- 1.3% in diabetes group, 6.7 +/- 3.9% in obese group, 12.4 +/- 4.1% in control group, P < 0.01, respectively). The mean weight loss after 6 months was 8.5 +/- 3.2 kg (P < 0.001) in the obese group. There was a significant increase in EDV after weight loss (from 5.8 +/- 3.5% to 12.3 +/- 3.9%, P < 0.05). There was no change in EIV after weight loss. In addition, weight loss was associated with significant reductions in the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and serum triglyceride (P < 0.05, respectively). However, there were no significant changes in the serum adiponectin and resistin levels after weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that weight loss was associated with improved endothelial function in obese premenopausal women, as assessed by brachial artery EDV and reduced hs-CRP.

The Relation of Serum Adiponectin and Resistin Concentrations with Metabolic Risk Factors.: Seong Tae Ryu, Seok O Park, Se Hwa Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(5):444-451. Published online October 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.5.444

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Adiponectin is a fat cell-secreted cytokine, which has been reported to improve insulin sensitivity and have antiatherogenic properties. However, it is still unclear whether resistin plays a significant role in the development of insulin resistance in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the adiponectin and resistin concentrations with insulin resistance, metabolic markers and adiposity in healthy and type 2 diabetic subjects. METHODS: Eighty-three type 2 diabetic and 139 healthy subjects were studied. Blood samples were drawn after fasting to determine the fasting plasma glucose, insulin, resistin, adiponectin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels. The subcutaneous and visceral fat areas were measured at the umbilical level using computed tomography. RESULTS: The serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in the diabetic(6.7+/-2.3microgram/mL) than in the obese(8.2+/-2.4microgram/mL, P<0.01) and non-obese subjects(9.9+/-4.5microgram/mL, P<0.01). The serum resistin concentrations were Similar between the non-obese, obese and type 2 diabetic subjects. From a multiple regression analysis, the fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol and HOMA-IR were found to be independent determinants of the log of the adiponectin level in the diabetes group. In healthy subjects, the gender, BMI, HOMA-IR, visceral fat area and HDL-cholesterol were associated with the log of the adiponectin level. However, the log of the resistin level was not associated with the markers of insulin resistance and obesity. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the serum adiponectin concentration was closely related to the insulin resistance marker in both healthy and type 2 diabetic subjects. However, the resistin concentration was not associated with the markers of insulin resistance and/or obesity.

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Effect of Simvastatin on induced apical periodontitis in rats: a tomographic and biochemical analysis
Jussara Machado PEREIRA, Alex SEMENOFF-SEGUNDO, Natalino Francisco da SILVA, Álvaro Henrique BORGES, Tereza Aparecida Delle Vedove SEMENOFF
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP.2016; 45(4): 189. CrossRef
Relationships among Serum Adiponectin, Leptin and Vitamin D Concentrations and the Metabolic Syndrome in Farmers
Seo-Eun Yeon, Hee-Ryoung Son, Jung-Sook Choi, Eun-Kyung Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(1): 12. CrossRef
Comparison of Serum Adiponectin Levels According to Body Mass Index and Dietary Behaviors of Female University Students in Seoul
Mi Joung Kim, Hyun Young Jun, Hye Bog Rha
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(4): 354. CrossRef
The Effects of 12-Weeks Intensive Intervention Program on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Adipocytokines and Nutrients Intakes in Industrial Male Workers
Kieun Moon, Ill Keun Park, Yeon Sang Jo, Yun Kyun Chang, Yun Mi Paek, Tae In Choi
The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2011; 44(4): 292. CrossRef
The Effects of D-Chiro-Inositol on Glucose Metabolism in 3T3-L1 Cells
Kang Seo Park, Jae Min Lee, Bon Jeong Ku, Young Suk Jo, Seong Kyu Lee, Kyung Wan Min, Kyung Ah Han, Hyo Jeong Kim, Hyun Jin Kim
Korean Diabetes Journal.2008; 32(3): 196. CrossRef

Association between Serum Leptin Concentration and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Korean Women.: Yumie Rhee, Dae Jung Kim, Se Hwa Kim, Chul Woo Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Kyung Rae Kim, Hyun Chul Lee, Sung Kil Lim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2003;18(2):177-183. Published online April 1, 2003

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Leptin is known to affect bone metabolism both centrally and peripherally. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between leptin and bone mineral density(BMD) in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal Korean women. METHODS: 140 women were recruited for a routine health check-up. Anthro-pometric and biochemical data were checked as usual. BMDs were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry of the spine and femur in 67 premenopausal women and 73 postmenopausal women, in addition to their serum leptin levels. RESULTS: Serum leptin level showed no correlation with BMD in premenopausal women, but there was a positive correlation betwen serum leptin and spinal BMD in postmenopausal women(r=0.468, p<0.001). After the correcting for age, body mass index, and duration of menopause, the serum leptin level and BMD still showed a positive correlation(r=0.217, p=0.088) although weak. The women in the lowest quartile of serum leptin level showed significantly lower lumbar and femoral neck BMD. CONCLUSION: Leptin level seems to have a weak relationship with BMD showing different features in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Case Report

A Case of AVP Dependent Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia.: Hyun Jin Kim, Se Hwa Kim, Yu Mie Rhee, Sung Eun Kim, Chul Woo Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Kyung Rae Kim, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh, Sung Kil Lim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2002;17(4):603-609. Published online August 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) independent bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is a rare form of Cushing's syndrome, in which unique endocrinological, clinical and histopathological features have been described. In AIMAH, cortisol secretion is autonomous and independent of ACTH, thus plasma ACTH levels are persistently suppressed. Various etiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain the development of AIMAH, the development of aberrant adrenal sensitivity to gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), vasopressin, beta-adrenergic receptor agonists or the presence of circulating adrenal stimulating immunoglobulins have been suggested. We report on a 46-year-old female who had Cushing's syndrome, due to AIMAH, with a positive response to vasopressin.

Original Article

Effects of Tibolone and Active Vitamin D Combined Treatment on Bone Mineral Density in Korean Postmenopausal Women.: Se Hwa Kim, Yu Mie Rhee, Soo Kyung Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Hyeung Jin Kim, Chul Woo Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Young Duk Song, Kyung Rae Kim, Hyun Chul Lee, Gap Bum Huh, Sung Kil Lim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2002;17(4):535-543. Published online August 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Tibolone is a novel synthetic compound with tissue-specific effects in bone, breast tissue and the endometrium. Tibolone, and active vitamin D, effectively prevent bone loss, and the maintain skeletal integrity of postmenopausal women. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of tibolone, and active vitamin D (1-hydroxyvitamin D3), therapies given alone, or in combination, against bone loss in postmenopausal women. METHODS: One hundred and three postmenopausal women were treated with tibolone (n=40), alphacalcidol (n=27) or both drugs (n=36) for 12 months. All subjects took supplemental calcium carbonate (500 mg daily). The bone mineral densities (BMD) of the lumbar spine and proximal femur were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS: Tibolone therapy produced significant increase of 4.1 and 1.8% in the BMD at the lumbar spine (p<0.001) and femoral neck (p=0.009), respectively. The combination of tibolone and active vitamin D increased the BMD by 8.0 and 4.4% (p<0.001) at the spine and femoral neck, respectively. The differences in the change of BMD from the baseline at the lumbar spine was significant (p=0.038) in the combination treatment group compared that in the tibolone alone group. CONCLUSION: Tibolone alone, and in combination with active vitamin D, effectively increased the BMD at all skeletal sites in postmenopausal women. Combination treatment for osteoporosis is emerging as a promising modality in Korean postmenopausal women.

Case Report

A Case of Cerebral salt Wasting Syndrome with Pseudomonas Meningitis after Removal of Pituitary Adenoma.: Dong Yoon Kim, Byung Yi Ahn, Duk Soo Cho, Se Hwa Kim, Kwi Wan Kim, Jong Phil Eun; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(4):609-613. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Hyponatremia is frequently seen in intracranial hemorrhagic patients and has been often attributed to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. But in recent years, a number of studies have shown that hyponatremia in many patients with intracranial disease may actually be caused by cerebral salt wasting (CSW) syndrome and circulating Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are probably involved. This report describes a patient who developed bacterial meningites caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa and CSW syndrome after removal of pituitary adenoma. CSW syndrome resolved by fluid and salt replacement after 4 months.

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