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Recent studies have shown that men with diabetes have lower testosterone levels than healthy men. However, studies on the correlation between testosterone and diabetes are rare in Korea. We examined the relationship between testosterone deficiency and markers related to diabetes in adult Korean men.
A total 464 men with diabetes who visited an outpatient clinic at Ajou University Hospital and had serum total testosterone and serum insulin levels measured between January 2000 and September 2013 were selected. Blood samples were collected after the subjects had fasted overnight. We divided the participants into testosterone deficient and normal groups. Testosterone deficiency was defined as having a serum total testosterone level <3.5 ng/mL.
Of 464 subjects, 34.9% had a testosterone deficiency. The mean levels of fasting plasma glucose (
Major markers of diabetes that are associated with testosterone deficiency are fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c values. Poor glycemic control appears to be associated with testosterone deficiency in Korean men with diabetes.
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Hypopituitarism is associated with osteoporosis and osteopenia especially when hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is present. Despite hypopituitarism being an important cause of secondary osteoporosis, osteoporosis in patients receiving surgery for pituitary tumors in Korea has not been studied. In this study, we evaluated the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in postoperative hypogonadal patients with pituitary tumors.
To examine the effect of TRT on BMD, we performed a retrospective observational study in 21 postoperative male patients who underwent pituitary tumor surgery between 2003 and 2012 at the Ajou University Hospital. Testosterone was replaced in postoperative hypogonadal patients by regular intramuscular injection, daily oral medication, or application of transdermal gel. BMD (g/cm2) measurements of central skeletal sites (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur) were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE Lunar). For lumbar spine BMD, L1 to L4 values were chosen for analysis. Femur neck and total femur were also analyzed.
During the follow-up period (mean, 56 months; range, 12 to 99 months) serum testosterone levels increased with the administration of TRT (
Our results indicated that TRT used in the postoperative period for hypogonadal pituitary tumor surgery patients may have beneficial effects on the BMD of the spine.
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