Endocrinology and Metabolism

Namgok Lecture 2025

Mineral, bone & muscle
Current Knowledge on Atypical Parathyroid Tumors and Emerging Strategies for Risk Stratification: Hye-Sun Park, Milim Kim, Jong Ju Jeong, Namki Hong, Yumie Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2026;41(1):14-25. Published online January 7, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2846

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Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Atypical parathyroid tumors (APTs) are an uncommon subset of parathyroid neoplasms that carry substantial clinical relevance because of their histological and clinical resemblance to parathyroid cancer. Despite this importance, the diagnosis of APTs remains persistently challenging, even for experienced pathologists. Their histopathological features overlap extensively with those of parathyroid cancer, and at present, no specific immunohistochemical markers are available that can reliably distinguish between these entities. Moreover, the clinical manifestations of APTs are indistinguishable from those of parathyroid adenomas or true parathyroid cancer. A major concern is the uncertain malignant potential of APTs, which contributes to difficulties in prognostic prediction and the absence of standardized surveillance guidelines. Although most published studies suggest a benign clinical course for the majority of APTs, these conclusions are frequently limited by relatively short follow-up durations. This limitation is underscored by several case reports describing recurrence or metastatic disease in patients initially diagnosed with APTs, subsequently prompting reclassification as parathyroid cancer. Recent advances in molecular technologies, particularly RNA sequencing and genomic profiling, have facilitated novel approaches to risk assessment and prognostic evaluation in APTs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and current molecular strategies used to assess the malignant potential of APTs.

Original Articles

Mineral, bone & muscle
Lack of Association between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Cardiovascular or Fracture Risk: A UK Biobank Study: Yongin Cho, Jong Hyun Jhee, Jong Ho Jhee, Hye-Sun Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2026;41(2):308-318. Published online October 15, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2482

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Background
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to increased risks of fractures and cardiovascular (CV) events, but the clinical relevance of the ‘insufficiency’ range remains unclear. We investigated CV and fracture risks across vitamin D levels, with a focus on the insufficiency range.
Methods
Using UK Biobank data, we analyzed 375,044 participants aged 40 to 69 years. Vitamin D status was categorized as deficient (<50 nmol/L), insufficient (≥50 to <75 nmol/L), or sufficient (≥75 nmol/L). Outcomes included three-point major adverse cardiovascular events (3P-MACE; myocardial infarction, stroke, and CV mortality) and major osteoporotic fractures, assessed via hospital records, registries, and death certificates.
Results
The vitamin D-deficient group had an increased risk of CV events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 1.24) and fractures (aHR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.18) compared to the vitamin D-sufficient group. Within the deficient group, the severely deficient group (<30 nmol/L) exhibited a markedly higher risk (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.37 for 3PMACE; and aHR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.32 for fractures). In contrast, the vitamin D-insufficient group (50 to 75 nmol/L) showed no significant increase in the risk of either outcome, with no clear benefit or harm observed. Spline curve analysis revealed a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and risk, which was observed only within the deficient range and not within the insufficient range.
Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with increased CV disease and fracture risks, whereas the insufficiency range shows no significant risk or benefit, raising questions about its clinical relevance.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Beyond a Universal Threshold: Reconsidering the Clinical Meaning of Vitamin D Insufficiency
Kyoung Jin Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2026; 41(2): 231. CrossRef

Mineral, Bone & Muscle
Age-Dependent Association of Height Loss with Incident Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Korean Women: Chaewon Lee, Hye-Sun Park, Yumie Rhee, Namki Hong; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):669-678. Published online September 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1734

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Background
Height loss is a simple clinical measure associated with increased fracture risk. However, limited data exists on the association between height loss and fracture risk in postmenopausal Korean women. It is unknown whether this association varies with age.
Methods
Data on height loss over a 6-year period were collected from a community-based longitudinal follow-up cohort (Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study). Incident fractures were defined based on self-reported fractures after excluding those due to severe trauma or toes/fingers. The association between incident fractures and height loss was investigated using a Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
During a median follow-up of 10 years after the second visit, 259/1,806 participants (median age, 64 years) experienced incident fractures. Overall, a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in height (1.6 cm/median 5.8 years) was associated with 9% increased risk of fracture (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; P=0.037), which lost statistical significance after adjustment for covariates. When stratified into age groups (50–59, 60–69, 70 years or older), a 1 SD decrease in height remained a robust predictor of fracture in the 50 to 59 years age group after adjusting for covariates (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.52; P=0.003), whereas height loss was not an independent predictor of fracture in the 60 to 69 (aHR, 1.06; P=0.333) or the 70 years or older age groups (aHR, 1.05; P=0.700; P for interaction <0.05, for all).
Conclusion
Height loss during the previous 6 years was associated with an increased 10-year fracture risk in postmenopausal women in their 50s.

Citations

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Evolving trends of hand injuries in Korea (2010-2023): a comprehensive analysis and implications for hand surgeons
Daihun Kang
Archives of Hand and Microsurgery.2025; 30(1): 15. CrossRef
Spine age estimation using deep learning in lateral spine radiographs and DXA VFA to predict incident fracture and mortality
Sang Wouk Cho, Namki Hong, Kyoung Min Kim, Young Han Lee, Chang Oh Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Yumie Rhee, Brian H. Chen, William D. Leslie, Steven R. Cummings
npj Aging.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Bone Health Optimization Framework for Malaysia: a position paper by the Malaysian Bone Health Optimization Network (MyBONe)
Joon-Kiong Lee, Juzaily Fekry Leong, Fu-Yuen Thong, Mohd Ariff Sharifudin, Azlina Amir Abbas, Nur Azree Ferdaus Kamudin, Sanjiv Rampal, Nor Faissal Yasin, Kwong-Weng Loh, Chee-Ken Chan, Paul James Mitchell
Archives of Osteoporosis.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Review Article

Mineral, Bone & Muscle
Update on Preoperative Parathyroid Localization in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Hye-Sun Park, Namki Hong, Jong Ju Jeong, Mijin Yun, Yumie Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):744-755. Published online October 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1589

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Parathyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for primary hyperparathyroidism when the clinical criteria are met. Although bilateral neck exploration is traditionally the standard method for surgery, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP), or focused parathyroidectomy, has been widely accepted with comparable curative outcomes. For successful MIP, accurate preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions is essential. However, no consensus exists on the optimal approach for localization. Currently, ultrasonography and technetium-99m-sestamibi–single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography are widely accepted in most cases. However, exact localization cannot always be achieved, especially in cases with multiglandular disease, ectopic glands, recurrent disease, and normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, new modalities for preoperative localization have been developed and evaluated. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography and parathyroid venous sampling have demonstrated improvements in sensitivity and accuracy. Both anatomical and functional information can be obtained by combining these methods. As each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, the localization study should be deliberately chosen based on each patient’s clinical profile, costs, radiation exposure, and the availability of experienced experts. In this review, we summarize various methods for the localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissues in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Citations

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Ruiying Zhu, Ning Yue, Yurong Hong, Qin Ye, Zhenyi Han, Zhiyan Luo, Chaoran Xie, Haichao Yan, Xing Yu
International Journal of Surgery.2026; 112(4): 9958. CrossRef
Algorithmic Surgical Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Its Variants: A Scoping Review
Fleur Kabala, Todd Falcone, Kourosh Parham
The Laryngoscope.2026; 136(6): 2426. CrossRef
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Vuslat Mumcu Çimen, Ebuzer Kalender
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Hong Xu, ZhongShan Yu, PeiKun Li, ShengXue Xie, LiQuan Yu
European Journal of Medical Research.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of a 5′-untranslated region polymorphism in the CASR gene with primary hyperparathyroidism and renal dysfunction
Salah Hashim Shaheed, Hadi Sajid Abdulabbas, Yasir Haider Al-Mawlah, Yusor Fadhil Alasadi
Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias kai Farmakokinetikes.2026; 44: 1. CrossRef
Diagnostic Ability and Correlation of Digital 11C-Methionine PET/CT in Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Inconclusive Standard Imaging
Hee Beom Jeong, Yong-il Kim, Soyoon Yoon, Dong Yun Lee, Beom-Jun Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Jin-Sook Ryu
Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2025; 59(1): 72. CrossRef
Frequency and characteristics of ectopic parathyroid adenomas in a cohort of patients referred for 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT
Friso M. van der Zant, Maurits Wondergem, Wouter A.M. Broos, Sergiy V. Lazarenko, Remco J.J. Knol
Nuclear Medicine Communications.2025; 46(1): 89. CrossRef
Navigating diagnostic dilemmas: Localizing parathyroid adenoma in the presence of MIBI-avid thyroid nodules: A case report and literature review
Zohreh Maghsoomi, Maryam Rafieemanesh, Atefeh kashanizadeh, Behnaz Boozari, Mohammad Reza Babaei, Neda Hatami, Mohammad E․ Khamseh, Mehran Arab-Ahmadi
Radiology Case Reports.2025; 20(2): 1041. CrossRef
Localization in primary hyperparathyroidism
Piyush Aggarwal, Vinisha Gunasekaran, Ashwani Sood, Bhagwant Rai Mittal
Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2025; 39(2): 101967. CrossRef
Correlation between parathyroid adenoma volume and perioperative outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism: Does the size matter?
Antonio Fiore, Sophie Eschlböck, Céline Carlen, Ioannis I. Lazaridis, Alexandros Lalos, Raoul Droeser, Tarik Delko, Alberto Posabella
Updates in Surgery.2025; 77(2): 381. CrossRef
Thyroid nodule with cytological outcome of indeterminate lesion with low risk of malignancy found to be parathyroid adenoma. A case report and minireview of literature
Letizia Meomartino, Mattia Rossi, Gloria Selvatico, Ruth Rossetto Giaccherino, Loredana Pagano
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Optimizing surgical outcomes through preoperative parathyroid localization
Banyeswar Pal
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2025; 13(3): 1238. CrossRef
Getting the timing right: An implementation study and pre post audit to implement evidence-based parathyroid scan guidelines
Amanda Tunstall, Katherine Harding, Amy M Dennett, Annie K Lewis
Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences.2025; 56(4): 101894. CrossRef
Primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy: ultrasound as an accurate preoperative localization imaging modality
Mengyuan Zhou, Yudi He, Yanwen Luo, Ou Wang, Quan Liao, Yuxin Jiang, He Liu, Qingli Zhu
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
US of the Neck beyond the Thyroid Gland: Parathyroid Glands
Rachita Khot, Irene Dixe de Oliveira Santo, Luyao Shen, Malak Itani, Anne Sailer, Jonathan D. Kirsch, Margarita V. Revzin
RadioGraphics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Primary Hyperparathyroidism: 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT vs. 4D-CT for Parathyroid Identification: Toward a Comprehensive Diagnostic Framework—An Updated Review and Recommendations
Gregorio Scerrino, Nunzia Cinzia Paladino, Giuseppa Graceffa, Giuseppina Melfa, Giuseppina Orlando, Renato Di Vuolo, Chiara Lo Cicero, Alessandra Murabito, Stefano Radellini, Pierina Richiusa, Antonio Lo Casto
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(15): 5468. CrossRef
Mediastinal parathyroid cyst: a diagnostic challenge
Andreia Martins Fernandes, Maria Inês Viegas, Carlos E Costa Almeida, Joana Couto
BMJ Case Reports.2025; 18(7): e266394. CrossRef
Diagnostic Accuracy of 4D CT in Detecting Parathyroid Adenoma Compared With Ultrasound and Sestamibi SPECT/CT in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Retrospective Study
Somdatta Giri, Krishnan Nagarajan, Balamourougan Krishnaraj, Debasis Gochhait, Madhusudhanan Ponnusamy, Anitha Sebastian, Baskararaj Sriviruthi, Jayaprakash Sahoo, Sadishkumar Kamalanathan, Dukhabandhu Naik
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Temporal Variation of Biochemical Markers and Adenoma Predictors in Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis
Berçem Ayçiçek, Mazhar Müslüm Tuna, Ismail Engin, Mustafa Şahin, Sayid Zuhur, Neşe Ersöz Gülçelik, Hüseyin Yağcı, Ersen Karakılıç, Evin Bozkur, Bekir Çakır, Elif Güneş, Süleyman Baldane, Özen Öz Gül, Gulhan Akbaba, Cevdet Duran, Faruk Kılınç, Güven Barış
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Expression of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor on Normal and Abnormal Parathyroid and Thyroid Tissue
Anne L. Worth, Mesrop Ayrapetyan, Susan J. Maygarden, Zibo Li, Zhanhong Wu, Chris B. Agala, Lawrence T. Kim
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Use of [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT in the detection of primary hyperparathyroidism in paediatrics: a case report
Helena Martínez Sánchez, Francisca Moreno Macián, Sara León Cariñena, Carmen de Mingo Alemany, Lidia Blasco González, Raquel Sánchez Vañó
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 37(6): 580. CrossRef
Primary hyperparathyroidism caused by a tiny mediastinal parathyroid adenoma with non-localising imaging studies
Pedro Polastri Lima Peixoto, Daniella de Freitas Pereira Calheir Durço, Luiz Carlos Conti de Freitas
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Risk factors of transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Kang Ning, Yongchao Yu, Xinyi Zheng, Zhenyu Luo, Zan Jiao, Xinyu Liu, Yiyao Wang, Yarong Liang, Zhuoqi Zhang, Xianglin Ye, Weirui Wu, Jian Bu, Qiaorong Chen, Fuxiang Cheng, Lizhen Liu, Mingjie Jiang, Ankui Yang, Tong Wu, Zhongyuan Yang
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Bone Mineral Density and First Line Imaging with [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT in Normocalcemic and Hypercalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Results from a Single Center
Dagmar Schaffler-Schaden, Gregor Schweighofer-Zwink, Lukas Hehenwarter, Antje van der Zee-Neuen, Maria Flamm, Mohsen Beheshti, Christian Pirich
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Parathyroid Miss—Does it Exist? A Critical Review
Sunil Chumber, Gopal Puri, Reva S Sahu, Piyush Ranjan, Brijesh K Singh, Nishikant Damle
Indian Journal of Endocrine Surgery and Research.2024; 19(2): 70. CrossRef
A Rare Case of Hyperfunctioning Lipoadenoma Presenting as a Cystic Pararthyroid Lesion
Jinyoung Kim, Ohjoon Kwon, Tae-Jung Kim, So Lyung Jung, Eun Ji Han, Ki-Ho Song
Journal of Bone Metabolism.2023; 30(2): 201. CrossRef
Role of 18F-Fluorocholine Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) in Diagnosis of Elusive Parathyroid Adenoma
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Pitfalls of DualTracer 99m-Technetium (Tc) Pertechnetate and Sestamibi Scintigraphy before Parathyroidectomy: Between Primary-Hyperparathyroidism-Associated Parathyroid Tumour and Ectopic Thyroid Tissue
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Original Articles

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Association of Shift Work with Normal-Weight Obesity in Community-Dwelling Adults: Chul Woo Ahn, Sungjae Shin, Seunghyun Lee, Hye-Sun Park, Namki Hong, Yumie Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):781-790. Published online October 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1532

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Background
Shift work is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, this association in the normal-weight population remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether shift work is associated with normal-weight obesity (NWO).
Methods
From the nationally representative Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) dataset (2008 to 2011), 3,800 full-time workers aged ≥19 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≤25 kg/m² were analysed. We defined NWO as BMI ≤25 kg/m² and body fat percentage ≥25% in men and ≥37% in women. Working patterns were classified into “daytime,” “other than daytime,” and “shift.” Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between shift work and NWO.
Results
Shift work was associated with higher odds of NWO than daytime work (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 2.09) and night/evening work (aOR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.14) after adjustment for type of work, working hours, age, sex, BMI, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and other sociodemographic factors. In subgroup analyses, the association between shift work and NWO was more robust in those aged ≥60 years and those working ≥56 hours/week.
Conclusion
Shift work was associated with NWO in community-dwelling Korean adults, independent of age, sex, BMI, and other covariates.

Citations

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Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Aviation and Prospects for Their Correction
Elena Adeninskaya, Natalia Borisovna Zabrodina, Boris Grigorievich Potievsky, Andrey Yurievich Bushmanov, Alexey Vladimirovich Dorofeev
Science and Innovations in Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Work-Related Factors, Sleep Problems, and Metabolic Syndrome among Taiwanese Workers: Sex-Specific Implications for Occupational Health Nursing
Ching Wen Hu, Yi Ching Tsai, Kuan Pin Lin,
Advances in Nursing Science.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Investigating the Risk of Obesity in European Night Shift Workers: A Study Protocol for Cross-Sectional and Mechanistic Studies in the SHIFT2HEALTH Project
Katrin Scionti, Vanessa Schoissengeier, Ivana Vaclavkova, Hella Fleiss, Catalina Cuparencu, Annemarie Olsen, Hannah Jilani, Desiree A. Lucassen, Emilie de Zoete, Edith Feskens, Hendriek C. Boshuizen, Monique H. Vingerhoeds, Meeke Ummels, Sandra Haider, Ev
Obesity Facts.2026; : 1. CrossRef
The research progress and prospects of circadian rhythm in obesity: a bibliometric analysis
Ye Dou, Xiaojin Guo, Xuefei Wang, Aolong He, Fanghe Li, Kuo Gao
Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Normal Weight Obesity Overview and Update: A narrative review
Antonino De Lorenzo, Paola Gualtieri, Giulia Frank, Roselisa Palma, Rossella Cianci, Leonardo Romano, Lucilla Ciancarella, Glauco Raffaelli, Laura Di Renzo
Current Obesity Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and interpretation of a machine learning predictive model for early cognitive impairment in hypertension associated with environmental factors
Xia Zhong, Tianen Zhao, Shimeng Lv, Guangheng Zhang, Jing Li, Donghai Liu, Huachen Jiao
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Shift Work, Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits with Obesity Scales
Javier Tosoratto, Pedro Juan Tárraga López, Ángel Arturo López-González, Daniela Vallejos, Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá, José Ignacio Ramirez-Manent
Life.2024; 14(11): 1503. CrossRef
Impaired Melatonin Secretion, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Night Shift Work
Sorina Hohor, Cristina Mandanach, Andreea Maftei, Corina Aurelia Zugravu, Marina Ruxandra Oțelea
Antioxidants.2023; 12(4): 959. CrossRef
Normal-Weight Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Jeonghyeon Kim, Seamon Kang, Hyunsik Kang
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You Can’t Avoid Shift Work? Then Focus on Body Fat Rather than Weight
Eun Kyung Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(5): 756. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Effects of Single Vitamin D₃ Injection (200,000 Units) on Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Sclerostin Levels in Subjects with Vitamin D Deficiency: Dongdong Zhang, Da Hea Seo, Han Seok Choi, Hye-Sun Park, Yoon-Sok Chung, Sung-Kil Lim; Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(4):451-459. Published online December 14, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.451

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Background

Vitamin D deficiency remains common in all age groups and affects skeletal and non-skeletal health. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is a bone-derived hormone that regulates phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D homeostasis as a counter regulatory factor. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D stimulates fibroblast growth factor 23 synthesis in bone, while fibroblast growth factor 23 suppresses 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production in the kidney. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D₃ intramuscular injection therapy on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations, and several other parameters associated with bone metabolism such as sclerostin, dickkopf-1, and parathyroid hormone.

Methods

A total of 34 subjects with vitamin D deficiency (defined by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL) were randomly assigned to either the vitamin D injection group (200,000 units) or placebo treatment group. Serum calcium, phosphate, urine calcium/creatinine, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, fibroblast growth factor 23, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and dickkopf-1 levels were serially measured after treatment.

Results

Comparing the vitamin D injection group with the placebo group, no significant changes were observed in serum fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, or dickkopf-1 levels. Serum sclerostin concentrations transiently increased at week 4 in the vitamin D group. However, these elevated levels declined later and there were no statistically significant differences as compared with baseline levels.

Conclusion

Serum fibroblast factor 23, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and dickkopf-1 levels were not affected significantly by single intramuscular injection of vitamin D₃.

Citations

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Effect of vitamin D supplementation on circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 concentration in adults with prediabetes
Lisa Ceglia, Anastassios G. Pittas, Bess Dawson-Hughes
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2023; 35(3): 525. CrossRef
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in COVID-19: An Observational Study
Athena Myrou, Theodoros Aslanidis, Keli Makedou, Athanasios Mitsianis, Aikaterini Thisiadou, Paraskevi Karalazou, Georgios Chatzopoulos, Anastasios Papadopoulos, Antonios Kalis, Dimitrios Giagkoulis, Fotios Lezgidis, Christos Savopoulos
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The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor- 23: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Fatemeh Meshkini, Sepideh Soltani, Cain C.T. Clark, Vivian Tam, David Meyre, Omid Toupchian, Sahar Saraf-Bank, Shima Abdollahi
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Serum sclerostin levels in osteoporotic fracture patients
Erwin A. Gorter, Casper R. Reinders, Pieta Krijnen, Natasha M. Appelman-Dijkstra, Inger B. Schipper
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Clinical Utility of Preoperative Vitamin D3 Injection for Preventing Transient Hypocalcemia after Total Thyroidectomy
Kwangsoon Kim, Cho Rok Lee, Sang-Wook Kang, Jandee Lee, Jong Ju Jeong, Kee-Hyun Nam, Woong Youn Chung, Claudio Casella
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Pharmacodynamics of Oral Cholecalciferol in Healthy Individuals with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Open-Label Study
Angelo Fassio, Davide Gatti, Maurizio Rossini, Camilla Benini, Elena Fracassi, Eugenia Bertoldo, Ombretta Viapiana, Stefano Milleri, Matteo Gatti, Giovanni Adami
Nutrients.2021; 13(7): 2293. CrossRef
Vitamin D Deficiency at Mid-Pregnancy Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Postpartum Glucose Intolerance in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Kyung-Soo Kim, Seok Won Park, Yong-Wook Cho, Soo-Kyung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(1): 97. CrossRef
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone turnover markers and other bone-related substances in subjects with vitamin D deficiency
Rolf Jorde, Astrid Kamilla Stunes, Julia Kubiak, Ragnar Joakimsen, Guri Grimnes, Per Medbøe Thorsby, Unni Syversen
Bone.2019; 124: 7. CrossRef
Vitamin D Enhances the Efficacy of Topical Artificial Tears in Patients With Dry Eye Disease
Jin Sun Hwang, Yoon Pyo Lee, Young Joo Shin
Cornea.2019; 38(3): 304. CrossRef

Site-Specific Difference of Bone Geometry Indices in Hypoparathyroid Patients: Hye-Sun Park, Da Hea Seo, Yumie Rhee, Sung-Kil Lim; Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(1):68-76. Published online February 6, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.1.68

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Background

Hypoparathyroid patients often have a higher bone mineral density (BMD) than the general population. However, an increase in BMD does not necessarily correlate with a solid bone microstructure. This study aimed to evaluate the bone microstructure of hypoparathyroid patients by using hip structure analysis (HSA).

Methods

Ninety-five hypoparathyroid patients >20 years old were enrolled and 31 of them had eligible data for analyzing bone geometry parameters using HSA. And among the control data, we extracted sex-, age-, and body mass index-matched three control subjects to each patient. The BMD data were reviewed retrospectively and the bone geometry parameters of the patients were analyzed by HSA.

Results

The mean Z-scores of hypoparathyroid patients at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip were above zero (0.63±1.17, 0.48±1.13, and 0.62±1.10, respectively). The differences in bone geometric parameters were site specific. At the femoral neck and intertrochanter, the cross-sectional area (CSA) and cortical thickness (C.th) were higher, whereas the buckling ratio (BR) was lower than in controls. However, those trends were opposite at the femoral shaft; that is, the CSA and C.th were low and the BR was high.

Conclusion

Our study shows the site-specific effects of hypoparathyroidism on the bone. Differences in bone components, marrow composition, or modeling based bone formation may explain these findings. However, further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanism, and its relation to fracture risk.

Citations

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Case Report

Adrenal gland
Untreated Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia with 17-α Hydroxylase/17,20-Lyase Deficiency Presenting as Massive Adrenocortical Tumor: Su Jin Lee, Je Eun Song, Sena Hwang, Ji-Yeon Lee, Hye-Sun Park, Seunghee Han, Yumie Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(3):408-413. Published online August 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.3.408

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency is usually characterized by hypertension and primary amenorrhea, sexual infantilism in women, and pseudohermaphroditism in men. hypertension, and sexual infantilism in women and pseudohermaphroditism in men. In rare cases, a huge adrenal gland tumor can present as a clinical manifestation in untreated CAH. Adrenal cortical adenoma is an even more rare phenotype in CAH with 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency. A 36-year-old female presented with hypertension and abdominal pain caused by a huge adrenal mass. Due to mass size and symptoms, left adrenalectomy was performed. After adrenalectomy, blood pressure remained high. Based on hormonal and genetic evaluation, the patient was diagnosed as CAH with 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency. The possibility of a tumorous change in the adrenal gland due to untreated CAH should be considered. It is important that untreated CAH not be misdiagnosed as primary adrenal tumor as these conditions require different treatments. Adequate suppression of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in CAH is also important to treat and to prevent the tumorous changes in the adrenal gland. Herein, we report a case of untreated CAH with 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency presenting with large adrenal cortical adenoma and discuss the progression of adrenal gland hyperplasia due to inappropriate suppression of ACTH secretion.

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