Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Differences in Abdominal Body Composition According to Glycemic Status: An Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting Analysis: Seungbong Han, Young-Jee Jeon, Gyung-Min Park, Tae Young Lee, Soon Eun Park, Gyeongseok Yu, Byung Ju Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):855-864. Published online August 11, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1086; Funded: Korea Health Information Service, Ministry of Health and Welfare

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Background
Several studies have reported that abdominal fat and muscle changes occur in diabetic patients. However, there are few studies about such changes among prediabetic patients. In this study, we evaluated the differences in abdominal fat and muscles based on abdominopelvic computed tomography in prediabetic and diabetic subjects compared to normal subjects.
Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study using health examination data from March 2014 to June 2019 at Ulsan University Hospital and classified subjects into normal, prediabetic, and diabetic groups. We analyzed the body mass index corrected area of intra-abdominal components among the three groups using inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis.
Results
Overall, 8,030 subjects were enrolled; 5,137 (64.0%), 2,364 (29.4%), and 529 (6.6%) subjects were included in the normal, prediabetic, and diabetic groups, respectively. After IPTW adjustment of baseline characteristics, there were significant differences in log visceral adipose tissue index (VATI; 1.22±0.64 cm²/[kg/m²] vs. 1.30±0.63 cm²/[kg/m²] vs. 1.47±0.64 cm²/[kg/m²], P<0.001) and low-attenuation muscle index (LAMI; 1.02±0.36 cm²/[kg/m²] vs. 1.03±0.36 cm²/[kg/m²] vs. 1.09±0.36 cm²/[kg/m²], P<0.001) among the normal, prediabetic, and diabetic groups. Prediabetic subjects had higher log VATI (estimated coefficient= 0.082, P<0.001), and diabetic subjects had higher log VATI (estimated coefficient=0.248, P<0.001) and LAMI (estimated coefficient=0.078, P<0.001) compared to normal subjects.
Conclusion
Considering that VATI and LAMI represented visceral fat and lipid-rich skeletal muscle volumes, respectively, visceral obesity was identified in both prediabetic and diabetic subjects compared to normal subjects in this study. However, intra-muscular fat infiltration was observed in diabetic subjects only.

Citations

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Testosterone is associated with abdominal body composition derived from computed tomography: a large cross sectional study
Seungbong Han, Young-Jee Jeon, Tae Young Lee, Gyung-Min Park, Sungchan Park, Seong Cheol Kim
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Lower High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration Is Independently Associated with Greater Future Accumulation of Intra-Abdominal Fat: Sun Ok Song, You-Cheol Hwang, Han Uk Ryu, Steven E. Kahn, Donna L. Leonetti, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Edward J. Boyko; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):835-844. Published online August 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1130; Funded: National Institutes of Health, University of Washington

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Background
Both intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are known to be associated with cardiometabolic health. We evaluated whether the accumulation of computed tomography (CT)-measured IAF over 5 years was related to baseline HDL-C concentration in a prospective cohort study.
Methods
All participants were Japanese-Americans between the ages of 34 and 74 years. Plasma HDL-C concentration and CT measurements of IAF, abdominal subcutaneous fat (SCF), and thigh SCF cross-sectional areas were assessed at baseline and at 5-year follow-up visits.
Results
A total of 397 subjects without diabetes were included. The mean±standard deviation HDL-C concentration was 51.6±13.0 mg/dL in men and 66.0±17.0 mg/dL in women, and the IAF was 91.9±48.4 cm² in men and 63.1±39.5 cm² in women. The baseline plasma concentration of HDL-C was inversely associated with the change in IAF over 5 years using multivariable regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, family history of diabetes, weight change over 5 years, and baseline measurements of body mass index, IAF, abdominal SCF, abdominal circumference, thigh SCF, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that HDL-C concentration significantly predicts future accumulation of IAF over 5 years independent of age, sex, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in Japanese-American men and women without diabetes.

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Fenofibrate add-on to statin treatment is associated with low all-cause death and cardiovascular disease in the general population with high triglyceride levels
Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
Metabolism.2022; 137: 155327. CrossRef
The associations between lipid profiles and visceral obesity among gastrointestinal cancer patients: a cross-sectional study
Bo Gao, Xiangrui Li, Wenqing Chen, Shu’an Wang, Jian He, Yu Liu, Chao Ding, Xiaotian Chen
Lipids in Health and Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Non-Laboratory-Based Simple Screening Model for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Developed Using Multi-Center Cohorts: Jiwon Kim, Minyoung Lee, Soo Yeon Kim, Ji-Hye Kim, Ji Sun Nam, Sung Wan Chun, Se Eun Park, Kwang Joon Kim, Yong-ho Lee, Joo Young Nam, Eun Seok Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):823-834. Published online August 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1074; Funded: Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Korean Endocrine Society

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Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor that accelerates NAFLD progression, leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Thus, here we aimed to develop a simple model to predict the presence of NAFLD based on clinical parameters of patients with T2DM.
Methods
A total of 698 patients with T2DM who visited five medical centers were included. NAFLD was evaluated using transient elastography. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential contributors to NAFLD, followed by multivariable logistic regression analyses to create the final prediction model for NAFLD.
Results
Two NAFLD prediction models were developed, with and without serum biomarker use. The non-laboratory model comprised six variables: age, sex, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), dyslipidemia, and smoking status. For a cutoff value of ≥60, the prediction accuracy was 0.780 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.743 to 0.817). The second comprehensive model showed an improved discrimination ability of up to 0.815 (95% CI, 0.782 to 0.847) and comprised seven variables: age, sex, waist circumference, BMI, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, and alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio. Our non-laboratory model showed non-inferiority in the prediction of NAFLD versus previously established models, including serum parameters.
Conclusion
The new models are simple and user-friendly screening methods that can identify individuals with T2DM who are at high-risk for NAFLD. Additional studies are warranted to validate these new models as useful predictive tools for NAFLD in clinical practice.

Citations

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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—The Chicken or the Egg Dilemma
Marcin Kosmalski, Agnieszka Śliwińska, Józef Drzewoski
Biomedicines.2023; 11(4): 1097. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Tetrahydrocurcumin Ameliorates Kidney Injury and High Systolic Blood Pressure in High-Fat Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice: Weerapon Sangartit, Kyung Bong Ha, Eun Soo Lee, Hong Min Kim, Upa Kukongviriyapan, Eun Young Lee, Choon Hee Chung; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):810-822. Published online August 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.988; Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT

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Background
Activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney injury and hypertension. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of tetrahydrocurcumin (THU) on intrarenal RAS expression, kidney injury, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetic mice.
Methods
Eight-week-old male mice were fed a regular diet (RD) or HFD for 12 weeks, and THU (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) was intragastrically administered with HFD. Physiological and metabolic changes were monitored and the expression of RAS components and markers of kidney injury were assessed.
Results
HFD-fed mice exhibited hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia compared to those in the RD group (P<0.05). Kidney injury in these mice was indicated by an increase in the ratio of albumin to creatinine, glomerular hypertrophy, and the effacement of podocyte foot processes. Expression of intrarenal angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II type I receptor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-4, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was also markedly increased in HFD-fed mice. HFD-fed mice exhibited elevated SBP that was accompanied by an increase in the wall thickness and vascular cross-sectional area (P<0.05), 12 weeks post-HFD consumption. Treatment with THU (100 mg/kg/day) suppressed intrarenal RAS activation, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced SBP, thus, attenuating kidney injury in these mice.
Conclusion
THU alleviated kidney injury in mice with HFD-induced type 2 diabetes, possibly by blunting the activation of the intrarenal RAS/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase IV (NOX4)/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) axis and by lowering the high SBP.

Citations

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The Development of Dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Cardiovascular Damage, and the Protective Effects of Curcuminoids
Zeltzin Alejandra Ceja-Galicia, Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera, Isabel Amador-Martínez, Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo, Edilia Tapia, Joyce Trujillo, Victoria Ramírez, José Pedraza-Chaverri
Foods.2023; 12(5): 921. CrossRef
Translation Animal Models of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Biochemical and Histological Phenotypes, Advantages and Limitations
Wenting Luo, Shiyun Tang, Xiang Xiao, Simin Luo, Zixuan Yang, Wei Huang, Songqi Tang
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2023; Volume 16: 1297. CrossRef
Curcumin ameliorates focal segmental glomerulosclerosis by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress in podocytes
Hui Zhang, Qing-Qing Dong, Hua-Pan Shu, Yu-Chi Tu, Qian-Qian Liao, Li-Jun Yao
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics.2023; 746: 109728. CrossRef
An examination of the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of curcumin, a polyphenol curcuminoid in diabetic nephropathy
Xiaoyu Zhu, Xingli Xu, Chigang Du, Yanping Su, Lixue Yin, Xiaoqiu Tan, Hui Liu, Yiru Wang, Lei Xu, Xinghua Xu
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 153: 113438. CrossRef
An integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental study identified key biomarkers CD300A or CXCL1, pathways and immune infiltration in diabetic nephropathy mice
WEI LIANG, QIANG LUO, ZONGWEI ZHANG, KEJU YANG, ANKANG YANG, QINGJIA CHI, HUAN HU
BIOCELL.2022; 46(8): 1989. CrossRef

Thyroid
Association between Iodine Intake, Thyroid Function, and Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Case-Control Study: Kyungsik Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Young Joo Park, Kyu Eun Lee, Dong-Wook Lee, Sue K. Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):790-799. Published online August 11, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1034; Funded: Korean Foundation for Cancer Research, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power

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Background
This study aimed to assess the effects of iodine intake, thyroid function, and their combined effect on the risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).
Methods
A case-control study was conducted including 500 community-based controls who had undergone a health check-up, and 446 overall PTC cases (209 PTC and 237 PTMC) from the Thyroid Cancer Longitudinal Study. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), was used as an indicator of iodine intake, and serum for thyroid function. The risk of PTC and PTMC was estimated using unconditional logistic regression.
Results
Excessive iodine intake (UIC ≥220 μg/gCr) was associated with both PTC (odds ratio [OR], 18.13 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.87 to 37.04) and PTMC (OR, 8.02; 95% CI, 4.64 to 13.87), compared to adequate iodine intake (UIC, 85 to 219 μg/gCr). Free thyroxine (T4) levels ≥1.25 ng/dL were associated with PTC (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.87) and PTMC (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 2.01 to 4.41), compared to free T4 levels of 0.7 to 1.24 ng/dL. Individuals with excessive iodine intake and high free T4 levels had a greatly increased OR of PTC (OR, 43.48; 95% CI, 12.63 to 149.62), and PTMC (OR, 26.96; 95% CI, 10.26 to 70.89), compared to individuals with adequate iodine intake and low free T4 levels.
Conclusion
Excessive iodine intake using creatinine-adjusted UIC and high free T4 levels may have a synergistic effect on PTC and PTMC. Considering both iodine intake and thyroid function is important to assess PTC and PTMC risk.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between urinary iodine concentration and the risk of papillary thyroid cancer by sex and age: a case–control study
Yerin Hwang, Hyun-Kyung Oh, Jae Hoon Chung, Sun Wook Kim, Jung-Han Kim, Jee Soo Kim, Myung-Hee Shin
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between iodine nutrition and cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Hengqiang Zhao, Jin Hu, Le Cui, Yiping Gong, Tao Huang
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Sex-specific Associations between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Incidence among Korean Adults
Kyoung-Nam Kim, Kyungsik Kim, Sangjun Lee, Sue K. Park
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2023; 32(9): 1227. CrossRef
Nomogram Model Based on Iodine Nutrition and Clinical Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to Predict Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis
Junrong Wang, Yuzhang Gao, Yuxuan Zong, Weitong Gao, Xueying Wang, Ji Sun, Susheng Miao
Cancer Control.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Content of Copper, Iron, Iodine, Rubidium, Strontium and Zinc in Thyroid Malignant Nodules and Thyroid Tissue adjacent to Nodules
Vladimir Zaichick, Qiping Dong
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Pathology.2022; 1(4): 7. CrossRef
Distinguish Thyroid Malignant from Benign Alterations using Trace Element Contents in Nodular Tissue determined by Neutron Activation and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Vladimir Zaichick
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Pathology.2022; 1(4): 18. CrossRef
Seaweed and Iodine Intakes and SLC5A5 rs77277498 in Relation to Thyroid Cancer
Tung Hoang, Eun Kyung Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Yul Hwangbo, Jeongseon Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(3): 513. CrossRef
Iodine nutrition and papillary thyroid cancer
Xueqi Zhang, Fan Zhang, Qiuxian Li, Chuyao Feng, Weiping Teng
Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship between urinary iodine concentration and papillary thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Xueqi Zhang, Fan Zhang, Qiuxian Li, Renaguli Aihaiti, Chuyao Feng, Deshi Chen, Xu Zhao, Weiping Teng
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Screening and validation of lymph node metastasis risk-factor genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Qiaoyue Zhang, Jing Li, Hengyan Shen, Xinyu Bai, Tao Zhang, Ping Liu
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnosis of Thyroid Malignancy using Levels of Chemical Element Contents in Nodular Tissue
Vladimir Zaichick
Journal of Health Care and Research.2022; 3(1): 16. CrossRef
Associations of Habitual Mineral Intake with New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis
Claire F. Norbitt, Wandia Kimita, Juyeon Ko, Sakina H. Bharmal, Maxim S. Petrov
Nutrients.2021; 13(11): 3978. CrossRef

Thyroid
The Positive Association between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Newly-Diagnosed Hypertension Is More Explicit in Female Individuals Younger than 65: Xichang Wang, Haoyu Wang, Li Yan, Lihui Yang, Yuanming Xue, Jing Yang, Yongli Yao, Xulei Tang, Nanwei Tong, Guixia Wang, Jinan Zhang, Youmin Wang, Jianming Ba, Bing Chen, Jianling Du, Lanjie He, Xiaoyang Lai, Yanbo Li, Zhaoli Yan, Eryuan Liao, Chao Liu, Libin Liu, Guijun Qin, Yingfen Qin, Huibiao Quan, Bingyin Shi, Hui Sun, Zhen Ye, Qiao Zhang, Lihui Zhang, Jun Zhu, Mei Zhu, Yongze Li, Weiping Teng, Zhongyan Shan; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):778-789. Published online August 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1101; Funded: National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Chinese Medical Association

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Background
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the most common thyroid dysfunction, and its relationship with blood pressure (BP) has been controversial. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between SCH and newly-diagnosed hypertension.
Methods
Based on data from the Thyroid disease, Iodine nutrition and Diabetes Epidemiology (TIDE) study, 49,433 euthyroid individuals and 7,719 SCH patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled. Patients with a history of hypertension or thyroid disease were excluded. SCH was determined by manufacturer reference range. Overall hypertension and stage 1 and 2 hypertension were diagnosed according to the guidelines issued by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association in 2017.
Results
The prevalence of overall hypertension (48.7%), including stage 1 (28.9%) and 2 (19.8%) hypertension, increased significantly in SCH patients compared with euthyroid subjects. With elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, the hypertension prevalence also increased significantly from the euthyroid to different SCH subgroups, which was more profound in females or subjects aged <65 years. The age- and sex-specific regression analysis further demonstrated the same trends in the general population and in the 1:1 propensity matched population. Similarly, several BP components (i.e., systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP) were positively associated with TSH elevation, and regression analysis also confirmed that all BP components were closely related with SCH in female subjects aged <65 years.
Conclusion
The prevalence of hypertension increases for patients with SCH. SCH tends to be associated with hypertension and BP components in females younger than 65 years.

Citations

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of levothyroxine effect on blood pressure in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
Bahar Darouei, Reza Amani-Beni, Amir Parsa Abhari, Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri, Davood Shafie, Maryam Heidarpour
Current Problems in Cardiology.2024; 49(2): 102204. CrossRef
Gender-Specific Associations Between Metabolic Disorders and Thyroid Nodules: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study from China
Fan Zhang, Di Teng, Nanwei Tong, Guixia Wang, Yongze Li, Xiaohui Yu, Zhongyan Shan, Weiping Teng
Thyroid.2022; 32(5): 571. CrossRef
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Xichang Wang, Haoyu Wang, Qiuxian Li, Ping Wang, Yumin Xing, Fan Zhang, Jiashu Li, Zhongyan Shan
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 107(9): 2674. CrossRef

Review Articles

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Effects of Intermittent Fasting on the Circulating Levels and Circadian Rhythms of Hormones: Bo Hye Kim, Yena Joo, Min-Seon Kim, Han Kyoung Choe, Qingchun Tong, Obin Kwon; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):745-756. Published online August 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.405; Funded: Seoul National University, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT

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Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular strategy in losing weight and associated reduction in obesity-related medical complications. Overwhelming studies support metabolic improvements from intermittent fasting in blood glucose levels, cardiac and brain function, and other health benefits, in addition to weight loss. However, concerns have also been raised on side effects including muscle loss, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalance. Of particular concern, the effect of intermittent fasting on hormonal circadian rhythms has received little attention. Given the known importance of circadian hormonal changes to normal physiology, potential detrimental effects by dysregulation of hormonal changes deserve careful discussions. In this review, we describe the changes in circadian rhythms of hormones caused by intermittent fasting. We covered major hormones commonly pathophysiologically involved in clinical endocrinology, including insulin, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids. Given that intermittent fasting could alter both the level and frequency of hormone secretion, decisions on practicing intermittent fasting should take more considerations on potential detrimental consequences versus beneficial effects pertaining to individual health conditions.

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Cristina Manuela Drăgoi, Alina Crenguţa Nicolae, Anca Ungurianu, Denisa Marilena Margină, Daniela Grădinaru, Ion-Bogdan Dumitrescu
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Nutrients.2021; 13(10): 3420. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Exercise/Resistance Training and Muscle Stem Cells: So-ichiro Fukada, Ayasa Nakamura; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):737-744. Published online August 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.401; Funded: National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry

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Skeletal muscle has attracted attention as endocrine organ, because exercise-dependent cytokines called myokines/exerkines are released from skeletal muscle and are involved in systemic functions. While, local mechanical loading to skeletal muscle by exercise or resistance training alters myofiber type and size and myonuclear number. Skeletal muscle-resident stem cells, known as muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), are responsible for the increased number of myonuclei. Under steady conditions, MuSCs are maintained in a mitotically quiescent state but exit from that state and start to proliferate in response to high physical activity. Alterations in MuSC behavior occur when myofibers are damaged, but the lethal damage to myofibers does not seem to evoke mechanical loading-dependent MuSC activation and proliferation. Given that MuSCs proliferate without damage, it is unclear how the different behaviors of MuSCs are controlled by different physical activities. Recent studies demonstrated that myonuclear number reflects the size of myofibers; hence, it is crucial to know the properties of MuSCs and the mechanism of myonuclear accretion by MuSCs. In addition, the elucidation of mechanical load-dependent changes in muscle resident cells, including MuSCs, will be necessary for the discovery of new myokines/exerkines and understating skeletal muscle diseases.

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Qian Guo, Qing Luo, Guanbin Song
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2024; 15(2): 466. CrossRef
Resistance exercise preconditioning prevents disuse muscle atrophy by inhibiting apoptosis and protein degradation via SESN2 in C57BL/6J mice
Yating Huang, Chenxin Jiang, Xiuru Li, Sujuan Liu, Yanmei Niu, Li Fu
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease.2024; 1870(4): 167111. CrossRef
Anthropometric, muscle and serum myokine levels effects of physical exercise with an online platform in female patients with obesity
David Primo, Olatz Izaola, Juan Jose Lopez Gomez, Daniel de Luis
Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición.2023; 70(7): 484. CrossRef
Anthropometric, muscle and serum myokine levels effects of physical exercise with an online platform in female patients with obesity
David Primo, Olatz Izaola, Juan Jose Lopez Gomez, Daniel de Luis
Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed.).2023; 70(7): 484. CrossRef
The muscle stem cell niche at a glance
Margaret Hung, Hsiao-Fan Lo, Grace E. L. Jones, Robert S. Krauss
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Molecular mechanisms of exercise contributing to tissue regeneration
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Thyroid
The Concept of Economic Evaluation and Its Application in Thyroid Cancer Research: Kyungsik Kim, Mijin Kim, Woojin Lim, Bo Hyun Kim, Sue K. Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):725-736. Published online August 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1164; Funded: Ministry of Health and Welfare

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Economic evaluation is a type of comparative analysis between interventions in terms of both their resource use and health outcomes. Due to the good prognosis of thyroid cancer (TC), the socioeconomic burden of TC patients post-diagnosis is increasing. Therefore, economic evaluation studies focusing on TC are recommended. This study aimed to describe the concept and methods of economic evaluation and reviewed previous TC studies. Several previous studies compared the costs of interventions or evaluated recurrence, complications, or quality of life as measures of their effectiveness. Regarding costs, most studies focused on direct costs and applied hypothetical models. Cost-minimization analysis should be distinguished from simple cost analysis. Furthermore, due to the universality of the term “cost-effectiveness analysis” (CEA), several studies have not distinguished CEA from cost-utility analysis; this point needs to be considered in future research. Cost-benefit analyses have not been conducted in previous TC research. Since TC has a high survival rate and good prognosis, the need for economic evaluations has recently been pointed out. Therefore, correct concepts and methods are needed to obtain clear economic evaluation results. On this basis, it will be possible to provide appropriate guidelines for TC treatment and management in the future.

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Role of Prehabilitation and Rehabilitation on Functional Recovery and Quality of Life in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Comprehensive Review
Lorenzo Lippi, Alessio Turco, Stefano Moalli, Marco Gallo, Claudio Curci, Antonio Maconi, Alessandro de Sire, Marco Invernizzi
Cancers.2023; 15(18): 4502. CrossRef
Sex-specific Associations between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Incidence among Korean Adults
Kyoung-Nam Kim, Kyungsik Kim, Sangjun Lee, Sue K. Park
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2023; 32(9): 1227. CrossRef
Active Surveillance Versus Immediate Surgery for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Patients in South Korea: A Cost-Minimization Analysis from the MAeSTro Study
Kyungsik Kim, June Young Choi, Su-jin Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Ki Lee, Jun Sun Ryu, Kyu Eun Lee, Jae Hoon Moon, Young Joo Park, Sun Wook Cho, Sue K. Park
Thyroid.2022; 32(6): 648. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation of Thyroid Cancer
Mijin Kim, Woojin Lim, Kyungsik Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Byung Joo Lee, Bon Seok Koo, Eun Kyung Lee, Eu Jeong Ku, June Young Choi, Bo Hyun Kim, Sue K. Park
International Journal of Thyroidology.2022; 15(2): 74. CrossRef

Thyroid
Active Surveillance as an Effective Management Option for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):717-724. Published online August 11, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1042; Correction in: Endocrinol Metab 2022;37(1):180; Funded: Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Ministry of Health and Welfare

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Active surveillance (AS) for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has been accepted worldwide as safe and effective. Despite the growing acceptance of AS in the management of low-risk PTMCs, there are barriers to AS in real clinical settings, and it is important to understand and establish appropriate AS protocol from initial evaluation to follow-up. PTMC management strategies should be decided upon after careful consideration of patient and tumor characteristics by a multidisciplinary team of thyroid cancer specialists. Patients should understand the risks and benefits of AS, participate in decision-making and follow structured monitoring strategies. In this review, we discuss clinical outcomes of AS from previous studies, optimal indications and follow-up strategies for AS, and unresolved questions about AS.

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Serum thyroglobulin testing after thyroid lobectomy in patients with 1–4 cm papillary thyroid carcinoma
Ahreum Jang, Meihua Jin, Chae A Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Gu Kim
Endocrine.2023; 81(2): 290. CrossRef
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Active Surveillance Against Surgery. Considerations of an Italian Working Group From a Systematic Review
Giuseppina Orlando, Gregorio Scerrino, Alessandro Corigliano, Irene Vitale, Roberta Tutino, Stefano Radellini, Francesco Cupido, Giuseppa Graceffa, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Giuseppe Salamone, Giuseppina Melfa
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognosis of Patients with 1–4 cm Papillary Thyroid Cancer Who Underwent Lobectomy: Focus on Gross Extrathyroidal Extension Invading Only the Strap Muscles
Ahreum Jang, Meihua Jin, Won Woong Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Tae-Yon Sung, Dong Eun Song, Tae Yong Kim, Ki-Wook Chung, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Yu-Mi Lee, Won Gu Kim
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2022; 29(12): 7835. CrossRef

Thyroid
The Role of Thyroid Hormone in the Regulation of Cerebellar Development: Sumiyasu Ishii, Izuki Amano, Noriyuki Koibuchi; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):703-716. Published online August 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1150; Funded: Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences

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The proper organized expression of specific genes in time and space is responsible for the organogenesis of the central nervous system including the cerebellum. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression is tightly regulated by an intrinsic intracellular genetic program, local stimuli such as synaptic inputs and trophic factors, and peripheral stimuli from outside of the brain including hormones. Some hormone receptors are expressed in the cerebellum. Thyroid hormones (THs), among numerous circulating hormones, are well-known major regulators of cerebellar development. In both rodents and human, hypothyroidism during the postnatal developmental period results in abnormal morphogenesis or altered function. THs bind to the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in the nuclei and with the help of transcriptional cofactors regulate the transcription of target genes. Gene regulation by TR induces cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, which are necessary for brain development and plasticity. Thus, the lack of TH action mediators may directly cause aberrant cerebellar development. Various kinds of animal models have been established in a bid to study the mechanism of TH action in the cerebellum. Interestingly, the phenotypes differ greatly depending on the models. Herein we summarize the actions of TH and TR particularly in the developing cerebellum.

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Zi-Hao Li, Bin Li, Xiao-Yang Zhang, Jing-Ning Zhu
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Exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of tri(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity via thyroid hormone disruption in zebrafish by multi-omics analysis
Ying Xu, Lei Yang, Yanguo Teng, Jian Li, Na Li
Aquatic Toxicology.2023; 258: 106510. CrossRef
Association of Maternal TSH, FT4 With Children's BMI Trajectories, and Obesity: A Birth Cohort Study
Mengting Yang, Shanshan Zhang, Yuzhu Teng, Xue Ru, Linlin Zhu, Yan Han, Xingyong Tao, Hui Cao, Shuangqin Yan, Fangbiao Tao, Kun Huang
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 109(1): e190. CrossRef
Thyroid hormone receptor beta: Relevance in human health and diseases
Ghausiya Rehman, Neha Kumari, Farhad Bano, Rakesh K. Tyagi
Endocrine and Metabolic Science.2023; 13: 100144. CrossRef
Targeting Thyroid Hormone/Thyroid Hormone Receptor Axis: An Attractive Therapy Strategy in Liver Diseases
Qianyu Tang, Min Zeng, Linxi Chen, Nian Fu
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Histone Deacetylase 3 Inhibitor Alleviates Cerebellar Defects in Perinatal Hypothyroid Mice by Stimulating Histone Acetylation and Transcription at Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Gene Loci
Alvin Susetyo, Sumiyasu Ishii, Yuki Fujiwara, Izuki Amano, Noriyuki Koibuchi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(14): 7869. CrossRef
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Long-term depression–inductive stimulation causes long-term potentiation in mouse Purkinje cells with a mutant thyroid hormone receptor
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Original Articles

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Heart Rate Variability in Postoperative Patients with Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma: Jeonghoon Ha, Hansang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Minsoo Yeo, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Ki-Hyun Baek, Moo Il Kang, Dong-Jun Lim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):678-687. Published online June 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.978; Funded: Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea

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Background
Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) has been reported to be associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Hypopituitarism in nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is often linked to increased cardiovascular mortality. We therefore hypothesized that postoperative NFPA patients with hormone deficiency have an elevated risk of HRV alterations indicating cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
Methods
A total of 22 patients with NFPA were enrolled in the study. Between 3 and 6 months after surgery, a combined pituitary function test (CPFT) was performed, and HRV was measured. The period of sleep before the CPFT was deemed the most stable period, and the hypoglycemic period that occurred during the CPFT was defined as the most unstable period. Changes in HRV parameters in stable and unstable periods were observed and compared depending on the status of hormone deficiencies.
Results
In patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency with other pituitary hormone deficiencies, the low frequency to high frequency ratio, which represents overall autonomic function and is increased in the disease state, was higher (P=0.005). Additionally, the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval, which decreases in the autonomic dysfunction state, was lower (P=0.030) during the hypoglycemic period. In panhypopituitarism, the low frequency to high frequency ratio during the hypoglycemic period was increased (P=0.007).
Conclusion
HRV analysis during CPFT enables estimation of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with NFPA who develop ACTH deficiency with other pituitary hormone deficiencies or panhypopituitarism after surgery. These patients may require a preemptive assessment of cardiovascular risk.

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Heart Rate Variability in Subjects with Severe Allergic Background Undergoing COVID-19 Vaccination
Maria Bernadette Cilona, Filippo D’Amico, Chiara Asperti, Giuseppe Alvise Ramirez, Stefano Turi, Giovanni Benanti, Shai Marc Bohane, Serena Nannipieri, Rosa Labanca, Matteo Gervasini, Federica Russetti, Naomi Viapiana, Martina Lezzi, Giovanni Landoni, Lor
Vaccines.2023; 11(3): 567. CrossRef
Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Jeonghoon Ha, Kyoung Min Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(14): 4799. CrossRef
Effect of a 16-Session Qigong Program in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Keyla Vargas-Román, Emilia I. De la Fuente-Solana, Jonathan Cortés-Martín, Juan Carlos Sánchez-García, Christian J. González-Vargas, Lourdes Díaz-Rodríguez
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(12): 3421. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Reference Values for Skeletal Muscle Mass at the Third Lumbar Vertebral Level Measured by Computed Tomography in a Healthy Korean Population: Ja Kyung Yoon, Sunyoung Lee, Kyoung Won Kim, Ji Eun Lee, Jeong Ah Hwang, Taeyong Park, Jeongjin Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):672-677. Published online June 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1041; Funded: Ministry of Science and ICT, Institute of Information and communications Technology Planning and Evaluation

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Background
Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass and is associated with negative clinical outcomes. This study aimed to establish sex-specific cutoff values for the skeletal muscle area (SMA) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the third lumbar vertebral (L3) level using computed tomography (CT) imaging to identify sarcopenia in healthy Korean liver donors.
Methods
This retrospective study included 659 healthy liver donors (408 men and 251 women) aged 20 to 60 years who had undergone abdominal CT examinations between January 2017 and December 2018. Assessment of body composition was performed with an automated segmentation technique using a deep-learning system. Sex-specific SMA and SMI distributions were assessed, and cutoff values for determining sarcopenia were defined as values at either two standard deviations (SDs) below the mean reference value or below the fifth percentile.
Results
Using the SD definition, cutoff values for SMA and SMI were 117.04 cm² and 39.33 cm²/m², respectively, in men and 71.39 cm² and 27.77 cm²/m², respectively, in women. Using the fifth percentile definition, cutoff values for SMA and SMI were 126.88 cm² and 40.96 cm²/m², respectively, in men and 78.85 cm² and 30.60 cm²/m², respectively, in women.
Conclusion
Our data provide sex-specific cutoff values for the SMA and SMI at the L3 level measured by CT imaging in a healthy Korean population, which may be applicable for identifying sarcopenia in this population.

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Myosteatosis is associated with poor survival after kidney transplantation: a large retrospective cohort validation
Jie Chen, Yue Li, Chengjie Li, Turun Song
Abdominal Radiology.2024; 49(4): 1210. CrossRef
The effect of biological agent on body composition in patients with Crohn’s disease
Eun Jeong Choi, Dong Hoon Baek, Hong Sub Lee, Geun Am Song, Tae Oh Kim, Yong Eun Park, Chang Min Lee, Jong Hoon Lee
BMC Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Association between the L3 Skeletal Muscle Index Derived from Computed Tomography and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in the Emergency Department
Jinjoo An, Seung Pill Choi, Jae Hun Oh, Jong Ho Zhu, Sung Wook Kim, Soo Hyun Kim
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(15): 5024. CrossRef
Validity of computed tomography defined body composition as a prognostic factor for functional outcome after kidney transplantation
Tim D. A. Swaab, Evelien E. Quint, Lisa B. Westenberg, Marcel Zorgdrager, Dorry L. Segev, Mara A. McAdams‐DeMarco, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Alain R. Viddeleer, Robert A. Pol
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2023; 14(6): 2532. CrossRef
Assessment of the Diaphragm Thickness Decrease in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: Could Computed Tomography Be of Aid Regarding Diaphragm Muscle Mass?
Oana-Elena Branea, Sanda Maria Copotoiu, Diana Andreea Becica, AnaMaria Romina Budeanu, Razvan Gabriel Budeanu, Mihai Emanuel Becica, Dragos Constantin Cucoranu, Septimiu Voidazan, Monica Chis, Alexandra Elena Lazar
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical implication of thoracic skeletal muscle volume as a predictor of ventilation-weaning failure in brain-injured patients: A retrospective observational study
Jimi Oh, Hyun Lim, Chang Won Jeong, Min Su Kim, Jinseok Lee, Wu Seong Kang, Ui Ri An, Joo Un Park, Youngick Ahn, Youe Ree Kim, Chul Park
Medicine.2023; 102(43): e35847. CrossRef
Estimation of Muscle Mass Using Creatinine/Cystatin C Ratio in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older People
Hiroshi Kusunoki, Yasuharu Tabara, Shotaro Tsuji, Yosuke Wada, Kayoko Tamaki, Koutatsu Nagai, Masako Itoh, Kyoko Sano, Manabu Amano, Hatsuo Maeda, Hideyuki Sugita, Yoko Hasegawa, Hiromitsu Kishimoto, Soji Shimomura, Michiya Igase, Ken Shinmura
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Defining reference values for low skeletal muscle index at the L3 vertebra level based on computed tomography in healthy adults: A multicentre study
Ming Kong, Nan Geng, Ying Zhou, Ning Lin, Wenyan Song, Manman Xu, Shanshan Li, Yuetong Piao, Zuoqing Han, Rong Guo, Chao Yang, Nan Luo, Zhong Wang, Mengyuan Jiang, Lili Wang, Wanchun Qiu, Junfeng Li, Daimeng Shi, Rongkuan Li, Eddie C. Cheung, Yu Chen, Zho
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The Value of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Imaging in Identifying Diagnostic Markers of Sarcopenia in Patients with Cancer
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Disease Markers.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Assessment of Muscle Quantity, Quality and Function
Bo Kyung Koo
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Computed Tomography-Derived Skeletal Muscle Radiodensity Is an Early, Sensitive Marker of Age-Related Musculoskeletal Changes in Healthy Adults
Yeon Woo Jung, Namki Hong, Joon Chae Na, Woong Kyu Han, Yumie Rhee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(6): 1201. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Expression of LONP1 Is High in Visceral Adipose Tissue in Obesity, and Is Associated with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: Ju Hee Lee, Saet-Byel Jung, Seong Eun Lee, Ji Eun Kim, Jung Tae Kim, Yea Eun Kang, Seul Gi Kang, Hyon-Seung Yi, Young Bok Ko, Ki Hwan Lee, Bon Jeong Ku, Minho Shong, Hyun Jin Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):661-671. Published online June 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1023; Funded: Korean Diabetes Association, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT

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Background
The nature and role of the mitochondrial stress response in adipose tissue in relation to obesity are not yet known. To determine whether the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR^mt) in adipose tissue is associated with obesity in humans and rodents.
Methods
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was obtained from 48 normoglycemic women who underwent surgery. Expression levels of mRNA and proteins were measured for mitochondrial chaperones, intrinsic proteases, and components of electron-transport chains. Furthermore, we systematically analyzed metabolic phenotypes with a large panel of isogenic BXD inbred mouse strains and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data.
Results
In VAT, expression of mitochondrial chaperones and intrinsic proteases localized in inner and outer mitochondrial membranes was not associated with body mass index (BMI), except for the Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial, and the corresponding gene LONP1, which showed high-level expression in the VAT of overweight or obese individuals. Expression of LONP1 in VAT positively correlated with BMI. Analysis of the GTEx database revealed that elevation of LONP1 expression is associated with enhancement of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in VAT. Mice with higher Lonp1 expression in adipose tissue had better systemic glucose metabolism than mice with lower Lonp1 expression.
Conclusion
Expression of mitochondrial LONP1, which is involved in the mitochondrial quality control stress response, was elevated in the VAT of obese individuals. In a bioinformatics analysis, high LONP1 expression in VAT was associated with enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism.

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LONP1 ameliorates liver injury and improves gluconeogenesis dysfunction in acute-on-chronic liver failure
Muchen Wu, Jing Wu, Kai Liu, Minjie Jiang, Fang Xie, Xuehong Yin, Jushan Wu, Qinghua Meng
Chinese Medical Journal.2024; 137(2): 190. CrossRef
Mitochondrial quality control proteases and their modulation for cancer therapy
Jiangnan Zhang, Wenliang Qiao, Youfu Luo
Medicinal Research Reviews.2023; 43(2): 399. CrossRef
Effects of Obesity and Calorie Restriction on Cancer Development
Ekaterina Sergeeva, Tatiana Ruksha, Yulia Fefelova
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(11): 9601. CrossRef
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with mtDNA in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
Natalia Todosenko, Olga Khaziakhmatova, Vladimir Malashchenko, Kristina Yurova, Maria Bograya, Maria Beletskaya, Maria Vulf, Natalia Gazatova, Larisa Litvinova
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(15): 12012. CrossRef
Down‐regulation of Lon protease 1 lysine crotonylation aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome
Yuan Xie, Shuwen Chen, Zaixin Guo, Ying Tian, Xinyu Hong, Penghui Feng, Qiu Xie, Qi Yu
MedComm.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response: A multitasking giant in the fight against human diseases
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Ageing Research Reviews.2022; 81: 101702. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Efficacy and Safety of the New Appetite Suppressant, Liraglutide: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials: Shinje Moon, Jibeom Lee, Hye Soo Chung, Yoon Jung Kim, Jae Myung Yu, Sung Hoon Yu, Chang-Myung Oh; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):647-660. Published online June 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.934; Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education

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Background
Obesity is a chronic disease associated with metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved liraglutide as an anti-obesity drug for nondiabetic patients in 2014, it has been widely used for weight control in overweight and obese people. This study aimed to systematically analyze the effects of liraglutide on body weight and other cardiometabolic parameters.
Methods
We investigated articles from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to search randomized clinical trials that examined body weight changes with liraglutide treatment.
Results
We included 31 studies with 8,060 participants for this meta-analysis. The mean difference (MD) between the liraglutide group and the placebo group was −4.19 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], −4.84 to −3.55), with a −4.16% change from the baseline (95% CI, −4.90 to −3.43). Liraglutide treatment correlated with a significantly reduced body mass index (MD: −1.55; 95% CI, −1.76 to −1.34) and waist circumference (MD: −3.11 cm; 95% CI, −3.59 to −2.62) and significantly decreased blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, MD: −2.85 mm Hg; 95% CI, −3.36 to −2.35; diastolic blood pressure, MD: −0.66 mm Hg; 95% CI, −1.02 to −0.30), glycated hemoglobin (MD: −0.40%; 95% CI, −0.49 to −0.31), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: –2.91 mg/dL; 95% CI, −5.28 to −0.53; MD: −0.87% change from baseline; 95% CI, −1.17 to −0.56).
Conclusion
Liraglutide is effective for weight control and can be a promising drug for cardiovascular protection in overweight and obese people.

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