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Volume 37(4); August 2022
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Review Articles
Calcium & Bone Metabolism
A Key Metabolic Regulator of Bone and Cartilage Health
Elizabeth Pérez-Hernández, Jesús Javier Pastrana-Carballo, Fernando Gómez-Chávez, Ramesh C. Gupta, Nury Pérez-Hernández
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):559-574.   Published online August 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1443
  • 7,343 View
  • 330 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Taurine, a cysteine-derived zwitterionic sulfonic acid, is a common ingredient in energy drinks and is naturally found in fish and other seafood. In humans, taurine is produced mainly in the liver, and it can also be obtained from food. In target tissues, such as the retina, heart, and skeletal muscle, it functions as an essential antioxidant, osmolyte, and antiapoptotic agent. Taurine is also involved in energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Taurine plays a considerable role in bone growth and development, and high-profile reports have demonstrated the importance of its metabolism for bone health. However, these reports have not been collated for more than 10 years. Therefore, this review focuses on taurine–bone interactions and covers recently discovered aspects of taurine’s effects on osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, bone structure, and bone pathologies (e.g., osteoporosis and fracture healing), with due attention to the taurine–cartilage relationship.

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Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Metabolomics analysis of the potential mechanism of Yi-Guan-Jian decoction to reverse bone loss in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
    Mengxing Yin, Dezhi Zhou, Fu Jia, Xiaosan Su, Xiufang Li, Ruifen Sun, Junmin Li
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • An in-silico approach to the potential modulatory effect of taurine on sclerostin (SOST) and its probable role during osteoporosis
    Mazumder Adhish, I. Manjubala
    Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics.2023; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Flattening the biological age curve by improving metabolic health: to taurine or not to taurine, that’ s the question
    Kwok M. Ho, Anna Lee, William Wu, Matthew T.V. Chan, Lowell Ling, Jeffrey Lipman, Jason Roberts, Edward Litton, Gavin M. Joynt, Martin Wong
    Journal of Geriatric Cardiology.2023; 20(11): 813.     CrossRef
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Lipoprotein Lipase: Is It a Magic Target for the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia
Joon Ho Moon, Kyuho Kim, Sung Hee Choi
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):575-586.   Published online August 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.402
  • 6,841 View
  • 411 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
High levels of triglycerides (TG) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) confer a residual risk of cardiovascular disease after optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)–lowering therapy. Consensus has been made that LDL-C is a non-arguable primary target for lipid lowering treatment, but the optimization of TGRL for reducing the remnant risk of cardiovascular diseases is urged. Omega-3 fatty acids and fibrates are used to reduce TG levels, but many patients still have high TG and TGRL levels combined with low high-density lipoprotein concentration that need to be ideally treated. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key regulator for TGs that hydrolyzes TGs to glycerol and free fatty acids in lipoprotein particles for lipid storage and consumption in peripheral organs. A deeper understanding of human genetics has enabled the identification of proteins regulating the LPL activity, which include the apolipoproteins and angiopoietin-like families. Novel therapeutic approach such as antisense oligonucleotides and monoclonal antibodies that regulate TGs have been developed in recent decades. In this article, we focus on the biology of LPL and its modulators and review recent clinical application, including genetic studies and clinical trials of novel therapeutics. Optimization of LPL activity to lower TG levels could eventually reduce incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in conjunction with successful LDL-C reduction.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The chylomicron saga: time to focus on postprandial metabolism
    Alejandro Gugliucci
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sanghuangporus vaninii extract ameliorates hyperlipidemia in rats by mechanisms identified with transcriptome analysis
    Ning Gao, Yuanzhen Liu, Guangjie Liu, Bo Liu, Yupeng Cheng
    Food Science & Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Targeting host-specific metabolic pathways—opportunities and challenges for anti-infective therapy
    Monika I. Konaklieva, Balbina J. Plotkin
    Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the obesity medicine association and the National Lipid Association 2024
    Harold Edward Bays, Carol Kirkpatrick, Kevin C. Maki, Peter P. Toth, Ryan T. Morgan, Justin Tondt, Sandra Michelle Christensen, Dave Dixon, Terry A. Jacobson
    Obesity Pillars.2024; : 100108.     CrossRef
  • Role of Fenofibrate Use in Dyslipidemia and Related Comorbidities in the Asian Population: A Narrative Review
    Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Sin Gon Kim, Yu-Cheng Chang
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(2): 184.     CrossRef
  • High producer variant of lipoprotein lipase may protect from hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-associated cirrhosis
    Franziska Schmalz, Janett Fischer, Hamish Innes, Stephan Buch, Christine Möller, Madlen Matz-Soja, Witigo von Schönfels, Benjamin Krämer, Bettina Langhans, Alexandra Klüners, Michael Soyka, Felix Stickel, Jacob Nattermann, Christian P. Strassburg, Thomas
    JHEP Reports.2023; 5(4): 100684.     CrossRef
  • Measurement of Serum Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triglyceride-Rich Remnant Cholesterol as Independent Predictors of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Possibilities and Limitations
    Dieter Lütjohann, Hans-Ulrich Klör, Frans Stellaard
    Nutrients.2023; 15(9): 2202.     CrossRef
  • Influence of antipsychotic medications on hyperlipidemia risk in patients with schizophrenia: evidence from a population-based cohort study and in vitro hepatic lipid homeostasis gene expression
    Tien-Yuan Wu, Ni Tien, Cheng-Li Lin, Yu-Cun Cheah, Chung Y. Hsu, Fuu-Jen Tsai, Yi-Jen Fang, Yun-Ping Lim
    Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism: Key Regulators of Their Flux
    Alejandro Gugliucci
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(13): 4399.     CrossRef
  • Sugar and Dyslipidemia: A Double-Hit, Perfect Storm
    Alejandro Gugliucci
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(17): 5660.     CrossRef
  • Dyslipidemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Updated Overview
    Sang Heon Suh, Soo Wan Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 612.     CrossRef
  • Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
    Elena Valeria Fuior, Evangelia Zvintzou, Theodosios Filippatos, Katerina Giannatou, Victoria Mparnia, Maya Simionescu, Anca Violeta Gafencu, Kyriakos E. Kypreos
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(10): 2696.     CrossRef
  • Developing a model to predict the early risk of hypertriglyceridemia based on inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL): a translational study
    Julia Hernandez-Baixauli, Gertruda Chomiciute, Juan María Alcaide-Hidalgo, Anna Crescenti, Laura Baselga-Escudero, Hector Palacios-Jordan, Elisabet Foguet-Romero, Anna Pedret, Rosa M. Valls, Rosa Solà, Miquel Mulero, Josep M. Del Bas
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Adrenal Gland
Long-Term Outcomes of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Anna Nordenström, Svetlana Lajic, Henrik Falhammar
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):587-598.   Published online July 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1528
  • 29,967 View
  • 265 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
A plethora of negative long-term outcomes have been associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The causes are multiple and involve supra-physiological gluco- and mineralocorticoid replacement, excess adrenal androgens both intrauterine and postnatal, elevated steroid precursor and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, living with a congenital condition as well as the proximity of the cytochrome P450 family 21 subfamily A member 2 (CYP21A2) gene to other genes. This review aims to discuss the different long-term outcomes of CAH.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Increased Prevalence of Accidents and Injuries in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Population-based Cohort Study
    Henrik Falhammar, Angelica Lindén Hirschberg, Agneta Nordenskjöld, Henrik Larsson, Anna Nordenström
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(3): e1175.     CrossRef
  • Low renin forms of monogenic hypertension: review of the evidence
    Ugochi Chinenye Okorafor, Uchechi Chioma Okorafor
    Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan.2024; 21(1): 14.     CrossRef
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: New biomarkers and adult treatments
    Bleuenn Dreves, Yves Reznik, Antoine Tabarin
    Annales d'Endocrinologie.2023; 84(4): 472.     CrossRef
  • Interpretation of Steroid Biomarkers in 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency and Their Use in Disease Management
    Kyriakie Sarafoglou, Deborah P Merke, Nicole Reisch, Hedi Claahsen-van der Grinten, Henrik Falhammar, Richard J Auchus
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 108(9): 2154.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Newborn Screening on Adult Height in Patients With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
    Heike Hoyer-Kuhn, Alexander J Eckert, Gerhard Binder, Walter Bonfig, Angelika Dübbers, Stefan Riedl, Joachim Woelfle, Helmuth G Dörr, Reinhard W Holl
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 108(11): e1199.     CrossRef
  • Specialty grand challenge in adrenal endocrinology
    Henrik Falhammar
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Contexts of care for people with differences of sex development
    Alexandra E. Kulle, Martina Jürgensen, Ulla Döhnert, Lisa Malich, Louise Marshall, Olaf Hiort
    Medizinische Genetik.2023; 35(3): 181.     CrossRef
  • Cardiovascular risk in Cuban adolescents and young adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    Tania M. Espinosa Reyes, Alba Katherine Pesántez Velepucha, Julio Oscar Cabrera Rego, Wendy Valdés Gómez, Emma Domínguez Alonso, Henrik Falhammar
    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Landscape of Adrenal Tumours in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Mara Carsote, Ana-Maria Gheorghe, Claudiu Nistor, Alexandra-Ioana Trandafir, Oana-Claudia Sima, Anca-Pati Cucu, Adrian Ciuche, Eugenia Petrova, Adina Ghemigian
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(11): 3081.     CrossRef
  • Editorial: Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
    Semra Çaglar Çetinkaya
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • International Newborn Screening Practices for the Early Detection of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Tracey A. Conlon, Colin P. Hawkes, Jennifer J. Brady, J. Gerard Loeber, Nuala Murphy
    Hormone Research in Paediatrics.2023; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Approach of Heterogeneous Spectrum Involving 3beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2 Deficiency
    Andreea Gabriela Nicola, Mara Carsote, Ana-Maria Gheorghe, Eugenia Petrova, Alexandru Dan Popescu, Adela Nicoleta Staicu, Mihaela Jana Țuculină, Cristian Petcu, Ionela Teodora Dascălu, Tiberiu Tircă
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(9): 2168.     CrossRef
  • Effetti di Crinecerfont sulla secrezione di ACTH nell’iperplasia surrenalica congenita: uno studio di fase 2
    Marianna Rita Stancampiano, Silvia Laura Carla Meroni, Giovanna Weber, Gianni Russo
    L'Endocrinologo.2022; 23(6): 662.     CrossRef
Close layer
Adrenal Gland
Clinical and Technical Aspects in Free Cortisol Measurement
Man Ho Choi
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):599-607.   Published online August 19, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1549
  • 4,441 View
  • 277 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Accurate measurement of cortisol is critical in adrenal insufficiency as it reduces the risk associated with misdiagnosis and supports the optimization of stress dose. Comprehensive assays have been developed to determine the levels of bioactive free cortisol and their clinical and analytical efficacies have been extensively discussed because the level of total cortisol is affected by changes in the structure or circulating levels of corticoid-binding globulin and albumin, which are the main reservoirs of cortisol in the human body. Antibody-based immunoassays are routinely used in clinical laboratories; however, the lack of molecular specificity in cortisol assessment limits their applicability to characterize adrenocortical function. Improved specificity and sensitivity can be achieved by mass spectrometry coupled with chromatographic separation methods, which is a cutting-edge technology to measure individual as well as a panel of steroids in a single analytical run. The purpose of this review is to introduce recent advances in free cortisol measurement from the perspectives of clinical specimens and issues associated with prospective analytical technologies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Highly Responsive Bioassay for Quantification of Glucocorticoids
    Mathias Flensted Poulsen, Martin Overgaard, Christian Brix Folsted Andersen, Andreas Lodberg
    Analytical Chemistry.2024; 96(5): 2000.     CrossRef
  • An LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Insulin, Cortisol, Glucagon-like Peptide 1, Ghrelin, and Osteocalcin
    Zhichao Zhang, Hareem Siddiqi, Yu-Ping Huang, Shannon McClorry, Peng Ji, Daniela Barile, Carolyn M. Slupsky
    Separations.2024; 11(2): 41.     CrossRef
  • Determination of cortisol cut-off limits and steroid dynamics in the ACTH stimulation test: a comparative analysis using Roche Elecsys Cortisol II immunoassay and LC-MS/MS
    Sema Okutan, Nanna Thurmann Jørgensen, Lars Engers Pedersen, Stina Willemoes Borresen, Linda Hilsted, Lennart Friis Hansen, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Marianne Klose
    Endocrine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Osteopathic Manipulation as a Method of Cortisol Modification: A Systematic Review
    Dylan Thibaut, Valentine Santarlas, Joseph Hoppes, Alejandra Vásquez-Castillo, Alexa Morrow, Eddie Oviedo, James Toldi
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pitfalls in the Diagnosis and Management of Hypercortisolism (Cushing Syndrome) in Humans; A Review of the Laboratory Medicine Perspective
    Kade C. Flowers, Kate E. Shipman
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(8): 1415.     CrossRef
  • Electrochemical sensors for cortisol detection: Principles, designs, fabrication, and characterisation
    Gopi Karuppaiah, Min-Ho Lee, Shekhar Bhansali, Pandiaraj Manickam
    Biosensors and Bioelectronics.2023; 239: 115600.     CrossRef
  • The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in depression across the female reproductive lifecycle: current knowledge and future directions
    Liisa Hantsoo, Kathleen M. Jagodnik, Andrew M. Novick, Ritika Baweja, Teresa Lanza di Scalea, Aysegul Ozerdem, Erin C. McGlade, Diana I. Simeonova, Sharon Dekel, Sara L. Kornfield, Michelle Nazareth, Sandra J. Weiss
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • РІВЕНЬ СТРЕСУ В ДІТЕЙ ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ З COVID-19
    Г. А. Павлишин, О. І. Панченко
    Здобутки клінічної і експериментальної медицини.2023; (4): 119.     CrossRef
  • Corticotropin-stimulated steroid profiles to predict shock development and mortality in sepsis: From the HYPRESS study
    Josef Briegel, Patrick Möhnle, Didier Keh, Johanna M. Lindner, Anna C. Vetter, Holger Bogatsch, Dorothea Lange, Sandra Frank, Ludwig C. Hinske, Djillali Annane, Michael Vogeser, Michael Bauer, Thorsten Brenner, Patrick Meybohm, Markus Weigand, Matthias Gr
    Critical Care.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Advances in Pituitary Surgery
Yoon Hwan Byun, Ho Kang, Yong Hwy Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):608-616.   Published online August 19, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1546
  • 3,057 View
  • 149 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Pituitary surgery has advanced considerably in recent years with the exploration and development of various endoscopic approaches and techniques. Different endoscopic skull base approaches are being applied to access sellar tumors in different locations. Moreover, extracapsular dissection and cavernous sinus exploration have enabled gross total resection of sellar tumors where it could not have been achieved in the past. Techniques for skull base reconstruction have also progressed, allowing surgeons to remove larger and more complicated tumors than before. This review article discusses different endoscopic skull base approaches, surgical techniques for removing pituitary adenomas, and reconstruction methods for repairing postoperative low-flow and high-flow cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

Citations

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  • Serum and hair steroid profiles in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma undergoing surgery: A prospective observational study
    Seung Shin Park, Yong Hwy Kim, Ho Kang, Chang Ho Ahn, Dong Jun Byun, Man Ho Choi, Jung Hee Kim
    The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2023; 230: 106276.     CrossRef
  • Pituitary disease and anaesthesia
    Kim Rhodes, Robert John, Astri Luoma
    Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine.2023; 24(6): 348.     CrossRef
  • Орфанні ендокринні захворювання: сучасні тенденції хірургічного лікування в Україні
    M.D. Tronko, B.B. Guda
    Endokrynologia.2022; 27(4): 287.     CrossRef
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Editorial
Calcium & Bone Metabolism
A Meaningful Journey to Predict Fractures with Deep Learning
Jeonghoon Ha
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):617-619.   Published online August 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.403
  • 1,310 View
  • 83 Download
PDFPubReader   ePub   
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Original Articles
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
The Effects of Irisin on the Interaction between Hepatic Stellate Cell and Macrophage in Liver Fibrosis
Dinh Vinh Do, So Young Park, Giang Thi Nguyen, Dae Hee Choi, Eun-Hee Cho
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):620-629.   Published online July 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1412
  • 4,288 View
  • 194 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the central players interacting with multiple cell types in liver fibrosis. The crosstalk between HSCs and macrophages has recently become clearer. Irisin, an exercise-responsive myokine, was known to have a potentially protective role in liver and renal fibrosis, especially in connection with stellate cells. This study investigated the effects of irisin on the interaction between HSCs and macrophages.
Methods
Tamm-Horsfall protein-1 (THP-1) human monocytes were differentiated into macrophages, polarized into the inflammatory M1 phenotype with lipopolysaccharide. Lieming Xu-2 (LX-2) cells, human HSCs, were treated with conditioned media (CM) from M1 macrophages, with or without recombinant irisin. HSCs responses to CM from M1 macrophages were evaluated regarding activation, proliferation, wound healing, trans-well migration, contractility, and related signaling pathway.
Results
CM from M1 macrophages significantly promoted HSC proliferation, wound healing, transwell migration, and contractility, but not activation of HSCs. Irisin co-treatment attenuated these responses of HSCs to CM. However, CM and irisin treatment did not induce any changes in HSC activation. Further, irisin co-treatment alleviated CM-induced increase of phopho-protein kinase B (pAKT), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1).
Conclusion
These findings suggested that irisin may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, especially when working in the crosstalk between HSCs and macrophages.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Matrix metalloproteinases induce extracellular matrix degradation through various pathways to alleviate hepatic fibrosis
    Liang Shan, Fengling Wang, Dandan Zhai, Xiangyun Meng, Jianjun Liu, Xiongwen Lv
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2023; 161: 114472.     CrossRef
  • Potential role of irisin in digestive system diseases
    Yueming Zhang, Linxian Zhao, Huan Gao, Jinghui Zhai, Yanqing Song
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2023; 166: 115347.     CrossRef
  • The effect of sarcopenia and serum myokines on prognosis and survival in cirrhotic patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study
    Salih Boga, Abdullah Emre Yildirim, Enver Ucbilek, Ali Riza Koksal, Sevil Tokdemir Sisman, Ibrahim Durak, Ilker Sen, Beril Dogu, Erdinc Serin, Ayse Bolat Ucbilek, Makbule Ozge Yildirim, Sukru Mehmet Erturk, Huseyin Alkim, Canan Alkim
    European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2022; 34(12): 1261.     CrossRef
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
High Cardiorespiratory Fitness Protects against Molecular Impairments of Metabolism, Heart, and Brain with Higher Efficacy in Obesity-Induced Premature Aging
Patcharapong Pantiya, Chanisa Thonusin, Natticha Sumneang, Benjamin Ongnok, Titikorn Chunchai, Sasiwan Kerdphoo, Thidarat Jaiwongkam, Busarin Arunsak, Natthaphat Siri-Angkul, Sirawit Sriwichaiin, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):630-640.   Published online August 5, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1430
  • 3,785 View
  • 119 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) protects against age-related diseases. However, the mechanisms mediating the protective effect of high intrinsic CRF against metabolic, cardiac, and brain impairments in non-obese versus obese conditions remain incompletely understood. We aimed to identify the mechanisms through which high intrinsic CRF protects against metabolic, cardiac, and brain impairments in non-obese versus obese untrained rats.
Methods
Seven-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n=8 per group) to receive either a normal diet or a highfat diet (HFD). At weeks 12 and 28, CRF, carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation, cardiac function, and metabolic parameters were evaluated. At week 28, behavior tests were performed. At the end of week 28, rats were euthanized to collect heart and brain samples for molecular studies.
Results
The obese rats exhibited higher values for aging-related parameters than the non-obese rats, indicating that they experienced obesity-induced premature aging. High baseline CRF levels were positively correlated with several favorable metabolic, cardiac, and brain parameters at follow-up. Specifically, the protective effects of high CRF against metabolic, cardiac, and brain impairments were mediated by the modulation of body weight and composition, the lipid profile, substrate oxidation, mitochondrial function, insulin signaling, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, cardiac function, neurogenesis, blood-brain barrier, synaptic function, accumulation of Alzheimer’s disease-related proteins, and cognition. Interestingly, this effect was more obvious in HFD-fed rats.
Conclusion
The protective effect of high CRF is mediated by the modulation of several mechanisms. These effects exhibit greater efficacy under conditions of obesity-induced premature aging.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Interplay between obesity and aging on myocardial geometry and function: Role of leptin-STAT3-stress signaling
    Wei Jin, Fei Tu, Feng Dong, Qinqin Deng, Miyesaier Abudureyimu, Wei Yu, Guo-jun Cai, Jian-ming Pei, Zhaohui Pei, Jun Ren
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects.2023; 1867(2): 130281.     CrossRef
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    Jaime A. Gallo-Villegas, Juan C. Calderón
    European Journal of Applied Physiology.2023; 123(5): 945.     CrossRef
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Han-sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Jin Yu, Joonyub Lee, Yeoree Yang, Jeonghoon Ha, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Hun-Sung Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):641-651.   Published online August 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1501
  • 5,949 View
  • 162 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The prevalence of young-onset diabetes (YOD) has been increasing worldwide. As the incidence of YOD increases, it is necessary to determine the characteristics of YOD and the factors that influence its development and associated complications.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we recruited patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus between June 2001 and December 2021 at a tertiary hospital. The study population was categorized according to age: YOD (age <40 years), middle-age-onset diabetes (MOD, 40≤ age <65 years), and late-onset diabetes (LOD, age ≥65 years). We examined trends in glycemic control by analyzing fasting glucose levels during the first year in each age group. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to determine the relative risk of developing complications according to glycemic control trends.
Results
The fasting glucose level at the time of diagnosis was highest in the YOD group (YOD 149±65 mg/dL; MOD 143±54 mg/dL; and LOD 140±55 mg/dL; p=0.009). In the YOD group, glucose levels decreased at 3 months, but increased by 12 months. YOD patients and those with poor glycemic control in the first year were at a higher risk of developing complications, whereas the risk in patients with LOD was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
YOD patients had higher glucose levels at diagnosis, and their glycemic control was poorly maintained. As poor glycemic control can influence the development of complications, especially in young patients, intensive treatment is necessary for patients with YOD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Complications and Treatment of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
    Fahimeh Soheilipour, Naghmeh Abbasi Kasbi, Mahshid Imankhan, Delaram Eskandari
    International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Increased risk of incident mental disorders in adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes diagnosed after the age of 19: a nationwide cohort study
    Seohyun Kim, Gyuri Kim, So Hyun Cho, Rosa Oh, Ji Yoon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism.2023; : 101505.     CrossRef
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    Han-sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Jin Yu, Joonyub Lee, Yeoree Yang, Jeonghoon Ha, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Hun-Sung Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 945.     CrossRef
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    Anju Virmani, Stuart J. Brink, Angela Middlehurst, Fauzia Mohsin, Franco Giraudo, Archana Sarda, Sana Ajmal, Julia E. von Oettingen, Kuben Pillay, Supawadee Likitmaskul, Luis Eduardo Calliari, Maria E. Craig
    Pediatric Diabetes.2022; 23(8): 1529.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)
    May Thu Hla Aye, Sajid Adhi Raja, Vui Heng Chong
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 943.     CrossRef
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Thyroid
Frequency of TERT Promoter Mutations in Real-World Analysis of 2,092 Thyroid Carcinoma Patients
Heera Yang, Hyunju Park, Hyun Jin Ryu, Jung Heo, Jung-Sun Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Jun-Ho Choe, Jung Han Kim, Jee Soo Kim, Hye Won Jang, Tae Hyuk Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):652-663.   Published online July 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1477
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  • 189 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations are associated with increased recurrence and mortality in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Previous studies on TERT promoter mutations were retrospectively conducted on a limited number of patients.
Methods
We prospectively collected data on all consecutive patients who underwent thyroid carcinoma surgery between January 2019 and December 2020 at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. We included 2,092 patients with thyroid carcinoma.
Results
Of 2,092 patients, 72 patients (3.4%) had TERT promoter mutations. However, the frequency of TERT promoter mutations was 0.5% in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) ≤1 cm and it was 5.8% in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) >1 cm. The frequency of TERT promoter mutations was significantly associated with older age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; P<0.001), larger primary tumor size (OR, 2.02; P<0.001), and aggressive histological type (OR, 7.78 in follicular thyroid carcinoma; OR, 10.33 in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma; OR, 45.92 in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; P<0.001). Advanced T stage, advanced N stage, and distant metastasis at diagnosis were highly prevalent in mutated thyroid cancers. However, initial distant metastasis was not present in patients with TERT promoter mutations in PTMC. Although the C228T mutation was more highly detected than the C250T mutation (64 cases vs. 7 cases), there were no significant clinicopathological differences.
Conclusion
This study is the first attempt to investigate the frequency of TERT promoter mutations in a real-world setting. The frequency of TERT promoter mutations in PTC was lower than expected, and in PTMC, young patients, and female patients, the frequency was very low.

Citations

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  • TERT Promoter Mutations Frequency Across Race, Sex, and Cancer Type
    Talal El Zarif, Marc Machaalani, Rashad Nawfal, Amin H Nassar, Wanling Xie, Toni K Choueiri, Mark Pomerantz
    The Oncologist.2024; 29(1): 8.     CrossRef
  • Gene mutations as predictors of central lymph mode metastasis in cN0 PTC: A meta‐analysis
    Jiaqi Ji, Xinlong Shi
    Clinical Genetics.2024; 105(2): 130.     CrossRef
  • Risk stratification by combining common genetic mutations and TERT promoter methylation in papillary thyroid cancer
    Ye Sang, Guanghui Hu, Junyu Xue, Mengke Chen, Shubin Hong, Rengyun Liu
    Endocrine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Shortened telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes is associated with cumulative radioactive iodine doses in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
    Hoonsung Choi, Sun Wook Cho, Hwan Hee Kim, Ka Hee Yi, Do Joon Park, Young Joo Park
    Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Deciphering the Functions of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Head and Neck Cancer
    Tsung-Jang Yeh, Chi-Wen Luo, Jeng-Shiun Du, Chien-Tzu Huang, Min-Hung Wang, Tzer-Ming Chuang, Yuh-Ching Gau, Shih-Feng Cho, Yi-Chang Liu, Hui-Hua Hsiao, Li-Tzong Chen, Mei-Ren Pan, Hui-Ching Wang, Sin-Hua Moi
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(3): 691.     CrossRef
  • 2023 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules
    Young Joo Park, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Song, Soo Hwan Kang, Bon Seok Koo, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Seung-Kuk Baek, So Won Oh, Min Kyoung Lee, Sang-Woo Lee, Young Ah Lee, Yong Sang Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Leehi Joo, Yuh-Seog Jung, Chan Kwon Jung
    International Journal of Thyroidology.2023; 16(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid Cancer, Iodine, and Gene Mutation
    Jae Hoon Chung
    International Journal of Thyroidology.2023; 16(1): 89.     CrossRef
  • Mortality rate and causes of death in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
    Jung Heo, Hyun Jin Ryu, Hyunju Park, Tae Hyuk Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Jae Hoon Chung
    Endocrine.2023; 83(3): 671.     CrossRef
  • TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer
    Michiko Matsuse, Norisato Mitsutake
    Endocrine Journal.2023; 70(11): 1035.     CrossRef
  • TERT Promoter and BRAF V600E Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Single-Institution Experience in Korea
    Min Jhi Kim, Jin Kyong Kim, Gi Jeong Kim, Sang-Wook Kang, Jandee Lee, Jong Ju Jeong, Woong Youn Chung, Daham Kim, Kee-Hyun Nam
    Cancers.2022; 14(19): 4928.     CrossRef
  • Frequency of TERT Promoter Mutations in Real-World Analysis of 2,092 Thyroid Carcinoma Patients (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:652-63, Heera Yang et al.)
    Hyunju Park, Jae Hoon Chung
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 949.     CrossRef
  • Frequency of TERT Promoter Mutations in Real-World Analysis of 2,092 Thyroid Carcinoma Patients (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:652-63, Heera Yang et al.)
    Sue Youn Kim, Chan Kwon Jung
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 947.     CrossRef
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Thyroid
Quality of Life of Survivors of Thyroid Cancer Is Not Inferior to That in Subjects without Cancer: Long-Term after Over 5 Years
Jeongmin Lee, Youn-Ju Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Jung-Min Lee, Sang-Ah Chang, Min-Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):664-673.   Published online August 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1499
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  • 178 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Patients with thyroid cancer undergo less extensive surgery and additional therapies compared to those with other cancers. We aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) between patients with thyroid cancer and healthy subjects using representative data from Korea. Differences in QoL of thyroid cancer survivors according to the duration after cancer diagnosis was also evaluated.
Methods
This population-based cohort study included 50,278 subjects who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2017. QoL was compared between patients with thyroid cancer and healthy subjects using self-reported data from the EuroQoL (EQ)-5 dimension (5D) and EQ-visual analog scale (VAS). Propensity score matching was used to match thyroid cancer survivors to healthy subjects (1:5 matching).
Results
Linear regression with univariate analysis showed that the presence of thyroid cancer was positively correlated with better EQ-5D index scores (β-coefficient=0.010, p=0.046). After adjusting for multiple covariables, statistical significance was maintained. EQ-VAS fails to demonstrate any significant correlation. Among the EQ-5D categories, patients with thyroid cancer showed better self-care than healthy subjects. Thyroid cancer duration did not correlate with the EQ-5D index score. In subgroup analyses, compared to patients with thyroid cancer duration of <5 years, no significant difference was observed in the correlation between the EQ-5D index score and survival duration in those with thyroid cancer duration of 5 to 9 years and ≥10 years.
Conclusion
Using a large-scale nationwide population-based database, our study demonstrated better QoL, especially in terms of self-care, among thyroid cancer survivors than among healthy subjects without cancer.

Citations

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  • Quality of Life Considerations in Patients Treated for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
    Jie Liu
    Clinical Thyroidology.2023; 35(4): 160.     CrossRef
  • The psychosocial impact of thyroid cancer
    Parker Haymart, Nina Jackson Levin, Megan R. Haymart
    Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity.2023; 30(5): 252.     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal Changes in Quality of Life Before and After Thyroidectomy in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
    Byung Hun Kim, Soo Rack Ryu, Jin Won Lee, Chang Myeon Song, Yong Bae Ji, Seok Hyun Cho, Seung Hwan Lee, Kyung Tae
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Calcium & Bone Metabolism
Development of a Spine X-Ray-Based Fracture Prediction Model Using a Deep Learning Algorithm
Sung Hye Kong, Jae-Won Lee, Byeong Uk Bae, Jin Kyeong Sung, Kyu Hwan Jung, Jung Hee Kim, Chan Soo Shin
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):674-683.   Published online August 5, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1461
  • 3,624 View
  • 206 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Since image-based fracture prediction models using deep learning are lacking, we aimed to develop an X-ray-based fracture prediction model using deep learning with longitudinal data.
Methods
This study included 1,595 participants aged 50 to 75 years with at least two lumbosacral radiographs without baseline fractures from 2010 to 2015 at Seoul National University Hospital. Positive and negative cases were defined according to whether vertebral fractures developed during follow-up. The cases were divided into training (n=1,416) and test (n=179) sets. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based prediction algorithm, DeepSurv, was trained with images and baseline clinical information (age, sex, body mass index, glucocorticoid use, and secondary osteoporosis). The concordance index (C-index) was used to compare performance between DeepSurv and the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and Cox proportional hazard (CoxPH) models.
Results
Of the total participants, 1,188 (74.4%) were women, and the mean age was 60.5 years. During a mean follow-up period of 40.7 months, vertebral fractures occurred in 7.5% (120/1,595) of participants. In the test set, when DeepSurv learned with images and clinical features, it showed higher performance than FRAX and CoxPH in terms of C-index values (DeepSurv, 0.612; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.571 to 0.653; FRAX, 0.547; CoxPH, 0.594; 95% CI, 0.552 to 0.555). Notably, the DeepSurv method without clinical features had a higher C-index (0.614; 95% CI, 0.572 to 0.656) than that of FRAX in women.
Conclusion
DeepSurv, a CNN-based prediction algorithm using baseline image and clinical information, outperformed the FRAX and CoxPH models in predicting osteoporotic fracture from spine radiographs in a longitudinal cohort.

Citations

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  • Automated detection of vertebral fractures from X-ray images: A novel machine learning model and survey of the field
    Li-Wei Cheng, Hsin-Hung Chou, Yu-Xuan Cai, Kuo-Yuan Huang, Chin-Chiang Hsieh, Po-Lun Chu, I-Szu Cheng, Sun-Yuan Hsieh
    Neurocomputing.2024; 566: 126946.     CrossRef
  • Application of radiomics model based on lumbar computed tomography in diagnosis of elderly osteoporosis
    Baisen Chen, Jiaming Cui, Chaochen Li, Pengjun Xu, Guanhua Xu, Jiawei Jiang, Pengfei Xue, Yuyu Sun, Zhiming Cui
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Spinal Injury: A Narrative Review of Algorithms in Diagnosis and Prognosis
    Satoshi Maki, Takeo Furuya, Masahiro Inoue, Yasuhiro Shiga, Kazuhide Inage, Yawara Eguchi, Sumihisa Orita, Seiji Ohtori
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(3): 705.     CrossRef
  • A CT-based Deep Learning Model for Predicting Subsequent Fracture Risk in Patients with Hip Fracture
    Yisak Kim, Young-Gon Kim, Jung-Wee Park, Byung Woo Kim, Youmin Shin, Sung Hye Kong, Jung Hee Kim, Young-Kyun Lee, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin
    Radiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and Validation of a Convolutional Neural Network Model to Predict a Pathologic Fracture in the Proximal Femur Using Abdomen and Pelvis CT Images of Patients With Advanced Cancer
    Min Wook Joo, Taehoon Ko, Min Seob Kim, Yong-Suk Lee, Seung Han Shin, Yang-Guk Chung, Hong Kwon Lee
    Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research.2023; 481(11): 2247.     CrossRef
  • Automated Opportunistic Trabecular Volumetric Bone Mineral Density Extraction Outperforms Manual Measurements for the Prediction of Vertebral Fractures in Routine CT
    Sophia S. Goller, Jon F. Rischewski, Thomas Liebig, Jens Ricke, Sebastian Siller, Vanessa F. Schmidt, Robert Stahl, Julian Kulozik, Thomas Baum, Jan S. Kirschke, Sarah C. Foreman, Alexandra S. Gersing
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(12): 2119.     CrossRef
  • Machine learning‐based prediction of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with clinical examined features: A quantitative clinical study
    Kainat A. Ullah, Faisal Rehman, Muhammad Anwar, Muhammad Faheem, Naveed Riaz
    Health Science Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Skeletal Fracture Detection with Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Review
    Zhihao Su, Afzan Adam, Mohammad Faidzul Nasrudin, Masri Ayob, Gauthamen Punganan
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(20): 3245.     CrossRef
  • Deep learning system for automated detection of posterior ligamentous complex injury in patients with thoracolumbar fracture on MRI
    Sang Won Jo, Eun Kyung Khil, Kyoung Yeon Lee, Il Choi, Yu Sung Yoon, Jang Gyu Cha, Jae Hyeok Lee, Hyunggi Kim, Sun Yeop Lee
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Vertebra Segmentation Based Vertebral Compression Fracture Determination from Reconstructed Spine X-Ray Images
    Srinivasa Rao Gadu, Chandra Sekhar Potala
    International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research.2023; 11(4): 1225.     CrossRef
  • Computer Vision in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture Risk Prediction: A Systematic Review
    Anthony K. Allam, Adrish Anand, Alex R. Flores, Alexander E. Ropper
    Neurospine.2023; 20(4): 1112.     CrossRef
  • A Meaningful Journey to Predict Fractures with Deep Learning
    Jeonghoon Ha
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(4): 617.     CrossRef
  • New Horizons: Artificial Intelligence Tools for Managing Osteoporosis
    Hans Peter Dimai
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Miscellaneous
Protective Effect of Delta-Like 1 Homolog Against Muscular Atrophy in a Mouse Model
Ji Young Lee, Minyoung Lee, Dong-Hee Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):684-697.   Published online August 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1446
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Background
Muscle atrophy is caused by an imbalance between muscle growth and wasting. Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), a protein that modulates adipogenesis and muscle development, is a crucial regulator of myogenic programming. Thus, we investigated the effect of exogenous DLK1 on muscular atrophy.
Methods
We used muscular atrophy mouse model induced by dexamethasone (Dex). The mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) control group, (2) Dex-induced muscle atrophy group, and (3) Dex-induced muscle atrophy group treated with DLK1. The effects of DLK1 were also investigated in an in vitro model using C2C12 myotubes.
Results
Dex-induced muscular atrophy in mice was associated with increased expression of muscle atrophy markers and decreased expression of muscle differentiation markers, while DLK1 treatment attenuated these degenerative changes together with reduced expression of the muscle growth inhibitor, myostatin. In addition, electron microscopy revealed that DLK1 treatment improved mitochondrial dynamics in the Dex-induced atrophy model. In the in vitro model of muscle atrophy, normalized expression of muscle differentiation markers by DLK1 treatment was mitigated by myostatin knockdown, implying that DLK1 attenuates muscle atrophy through the myostatin pathway.
Conclusion
DLK1 treatment inhibited muscular atrophy by suppressing myostatin-driven signaling and improving mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, DLK1 might be a promising candidate to treat sarcopenia, characterized by muscle atrophy and degeneration.
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Letter
Thyroid
Efficient Dissociation Protocol for Generation of Single Cell Suspension from Human Thyroid Tissue for Single Cell RNA Sequencing
Shinae Yi, Hyun Jung Kim, Bon Seok Koo, Seong Eun Lee, Jahyun Choi, Yea Eun Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):698-700.   Published online August 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1536
  • 1,746 View
  • 118 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Unraveling the role of the mitochondrial one-carbon pathway in undifferentiated thyroid cancer by multi-omics analyses
    Seong Eun Lee, Seongyeol Park, Shinae Yi, Na Rae Choi, Mi Ae Lim, Jae Won Chang, Ho-Ryun Won, Je Ryong Kim, Hye Mi Ko, Eun-Jae Chung, Young Joo Park, Sun Wook Cho, Hyeong Won Yu, June Young Choi, Min-Kyung Yeo, Boram Yi, Kijong Yi, Joonoh Lim, Jun-Young K
    Nature Communications.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Erratum
Miscellaneous
Erratum: Correction of Figures. Association between the Blautia/Bacteroides Ratio and Altered Body Mass Index after Bariatric Surgery
Yoonhong Kim, Dooheon Son, Bu Kyung Kim, Ki Hyun Kim, Kyung Won Seo, Kyoungwon Jung, Seun Ja Park, Sanghyun Lim, Jae Hyun Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):701-702.   Published online July 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.401
Corrects: Endocrinol Metab 2022;37(3):475
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Endocrinol Metab : Endocrinology and Metabolism