Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volume 23(6); December 2008

Review Articles

Meta-analysis.: Juneyoung Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):361-378. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.361

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Abstract PDF

No abstract available.

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A Meta-Analytic Approach for Examining the Effects of STEAM Education Programs in South Korea
Hye-Mi Jeong, Hyuksoo Kwon, Sung-Ha Kim
Innovation and Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Carbohydrate Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Unhui Jo, Kyong Park
Nutrients.2023; 15(7): 1740. CrossRef
Establishment of Joint Attention and Parental Cues in Interaction between Hearing Parents and Young Children Who are Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jinju Kim, Youngmee Lee, Gangeun Lee
Communication Sciences & Disorders.2023; 28(2): 340. CrossRef
Attachment- and Relationship-Based Interventions during NICU Hospitalization for Families with Preterm/Low-Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review of RCT Data
Soo-Yeon Kim, Ah Rim Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(3): 1126. CrossRef
Effect of Treatment Adherence Improvement Program in Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hana Kim, I. Seul Jeong, Mi-Kyoung Cho
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(18): 11657. CrossRef
A Review of Clinical Studies for Chinese Medicine Treatment of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Using the CNKI Database
Ji-eun Bae, Jae-won Park, Jun-kyu Lim, Mi-so Park, Jeong-su Hong, Dong-jin Kim
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2022; 43(6): 1045. CrossRef
The Effect of Sagunja Decoction on Functional Dyspepsia - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kyong-lim Kim, Yu-ran Je, Kyoung-min Kim
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2021; 42(3): 259. CrossRef
Comparison on Efficacy of Administration Time of Levothyroxine in Patients with Hypothyroidism: A Meta-analysis
Ki Pyo Lee, Young-Mi Ah, Hye Duck Choi
Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy.2020; 30(2): 87. CrossRef
Efficacy of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hokeun Won, Jeonggyo Lim, Yun Hee Noh, Injoong Yoon, Han Sang Yoo
Vaccines.2020; 8(4): 642. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Outcomes Research in the Hospital Pharmacists’ Interventions in South Korea
So Young Lee, Eun Cho
Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy.2019; 29(3): 193. CrossRef
Meta-analysis of Change in Weight and Heart Rate for Phentermine in Obesity
Yeonju Woo, Hyomi Jeong
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2018; 43(4): 290. CrossRef
Clinical Effectiveness of Traditional Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Chemotherapy-induced Leukopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Min-serh Kim, Yu-jin Jung, Sang-hoon Hong
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2018; 39(4): 520. CrossRef
Blood Pressure Response to Meditation and Yoga: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Seong-Hi Park, Kuem Sun Han
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2017; 23(9): 685. CrossRef
Effects of Non-pharmacological Interventions on Primary Insomnia in Adults Aged 55 and Above: A Meta-analysis
Ji Hyun Kim, Pok Ja Oh
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2016; 28(1): 13. CrossRef
Trends of Meta-analysis in Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases
Chang Seok Bang, Gwang Ho Baik
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2015; 15(2): 80. CrossRef
Effects of Dignity Interventions on Psychosocial and Existential Distress in Terminally ill Patients: A Meta-analysis
Pok Ja Oh, Sung-Rae Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(5): 471. CrossRef
Effects of Psychosocial Interventions on Cortisol and Immune Parameters in Patients with Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Pok Ja Oh, Eun-su Jang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(4): 446. CrossRef
Effects of exercise programs on depressive symptoms, quality of life, and self-esteem in older people: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Seong-Hi Park, Kuem Sun Han, Chang-Bum Kang
Applied Nursing Research.2014; 27(4): 219. CrossRef
Meta-analysis of the Effects of Obesity Management Program for Children.
Kyung Suk Sung, Young Mi Yoon, Eun Joo Kim
Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(4): 262. CrossRef
A Quality Assessment of Meta-Analyses of Nursing in South Korea
Jung-Hee Kim, Ae-Kyung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(6): 736. CrossRef
The Effect of Patient Education Interventions on Distress, Self-Care Knowledge and Self-Care Behavior of Oncology Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Pok-Ja Oh, Hyeong-Ji Choi
Asian Oncology Nursing.2012; 12(4): 257. CrossRef

Evidence Based Medicine in Endocrinology.: Sang Youl Rhee, Young Seol Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):379-390. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.379

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Editorial

Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules Detected by Ultrasonography in Adults for Health Check-up and Analysis of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.: Jae Hoon Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):391-394. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.391

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6 Crossref

Abstract PDF

No abstract available.

Citations

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Analysis of 5 years' experience of a head and neck surgeon with radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodule
Min-Ki Lee, Seung Won Lee
American Journal of Otolaryngology.2023; 44(2): 103715. CrossRef
Relationship between the Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome in Healthy Adults: Using Health Examination Data at One Medical Institution’s Health Examination Center (2020)
Soyeon Kim, Yong-Jin Cho, Hwang-Sik Shin, Jung-Eun Oh, Sung-Ho Hong, Byung-Wook Yoo, Hyun Joe, Kyung-Suk Shin, Doo-Yong Son
Korean Journal of Family Practice.2022; 12(4): 268. CrossRef
Epidemiologic Association between Obesity and Thyroid Nodules
Hwa Young Ahn
International Journal of Thyroidology.2017; 10(1): 1. CrossRef
Overdiagnosis in health care: impact of cancer screening
Hyeong Sik Ahn
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2017; 60(4): 323. CrossRef
A Refutation against Unfounded Reports on Thyroid Cancer
Jae Hoon Chung
Journal of Korean Thyroid Association.2014; 7(1): 1. CrossRef
Influences of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis as Prognostic Factor of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Hyun Ju Park, Dong Kun Lee, Ji Won Seo, Myung Koo Kang, Heon Soo Park, Rock Bum Kim, Sung Hwan Suh, Mi Kyoung Park, Duk Kyu Kim, Jong Chul Hong
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2014; 57(5): 320. CrossRef

Original Articles

Discrepancy between the Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Concentrations in Patients with Acromegaly.: Ji Won Yoon, Mi Yeon Kang, Hwa Young Ahn, Jee Hyun An, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Kyong Soo Park, Hak Chul Jang, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee, Seong Yeon Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):395-403. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.395

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
This study was performed to evaluate the frequency and clinical characteristics of patients with active acromegaly and who show discordance of the growth hormone (GH) level and the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) level. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of the patients who were diagnosed with acromegaly between 01/01/1995 and 6/30/2007 at Seoul National University Hospital. We selected only the patients whose basal GH and IGF-I levels were available. We investigated the pre- and post-operative clinical characteristics, as well as the blood concentrations of GH and IGF-I. The concordance rate between the two hormones was examined. The patients were considered to have active disease on the basis of their IGF-I levels above the normal range, after adjustment for age and gender, and their mean basal GH value was > or = 2.5 microgram/L. The hormone levels and the clinical parameters were compared between the hormone concordant and discordant groups. RESULTS: We reviewed the preoperative records of 103 acromegalic patients, and these patients met the above-mentioned criteria. 53 postoperative patients who were not cured by operation were monitored without them receiving radiation or medical therapy. Both the basal GH and IGF-I levels were above normal in 103 patients preoperatively, and the discordant rate was 0% (0/103 cases). Postoperatively, the discordant rate between the two hormones was increased to 30.2% (16/53 cases). Age, gender, body mass index and tumor size were insignificantly different between the concordant and discordant groups. However, postoperative residual tumors were less frequently observed in the discordant group (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: For the patients with acromegaly, unlike the 0% discordance preoperatively, 30.2% of patients showed a discrepancy between their GH and IGF-I levels postoperatively. The patients who had hormonal discrepancy were less likely to have residual tumors after operation. Considering the frequency of this hormonal discrepancy, both hormone levels should be measured to evaluate the disease activity after treatment. Further, oral glucose tolerance testing should be performed and especially for the patients with an increased GH level, but who have a normal IGF-I concentration.

Alanine Aminotransferase as a Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome in Koreans.: Ji Hae Kwon, Yong Seong An, Yang Ho Kang, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):404-412. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.404

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Abstract PDF

AIMS: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is associated with insulin resistance, and is independent of the general metabolic measures. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is regarded as a predictor of diabetes mellitus. We analyzed which of ALT or GGT is better tool to preestimate the development of metabolic syndrome. METHOD: A total of 1203 Koreans who visited the Institute of Health in Pusan National University Hospital from January 2005 to August 2006 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Their median age was 51 years old, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 16.4% (n = 197). We excluded the subjects with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and viral hepatitis or those subjects with a level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or gamma-glutamyltransferase (r-GGT) > 80 IU/L. RESULTS: For all the patients in the metabolic syndrome group, the median homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the waist circumference, the fasting blood glucose level, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were all associated with the ALT level (P < 0.05). For the nonmetabolic syndrome group, all the metabolic risk factors were associated with the ALT level (P < 0.05). On logistic regression analysis, after correction for age, alcohol intake, HOMA-IR and body mass index, the logALT maintained a highly predictive value for metabolic syndrome, and this was better than the logGGT [odds ratio (OR) of logALT: 18.489, odds ratio of logGGT: 2.024] (P < 0.001). The risk of developing metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the above 50 percentile and the above 75 percentile of ALT than in the lowest quartile. [for men - OR: 3.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2-5.9; OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 4.3-10.9] [for women - OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.5-4.7; OR: 6.5; 95% CI: 3.8-11] (P < 0.001). The cut-off value of ALT by the ROC curve was 24 IU/L for men (sensitivity: 64.3%, specificity: 66%, negative predictive value: 99.5%) and 20 IU/L for women (sensitivity: 78.9%, specificity: 61.4%, negative predictive value: 84.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Even although patients can have an ALT level that's included within the upper normal level, we may consider the probability that these patients will have metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, in our analysis, the ALT level is a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than the GGT level.

Citations

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Nutritional Status of Hypertensive Men in Gyeongnam Area
Hae-Jin Park, Ye-Ji Choi, Sung-Hee Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2016; 26(4): 297. CrossRef
Risks of borderline liver enzyme abnormalities to the incidence of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus: a 7 year follow up study of workers
Jin-Hyun Yu, Jin-Seok Kim, Mee-Ra Lee, Seong-Yong Yoon, Seong-Yong Cho, Seung-Hyun Yoo, Boo-Il Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Risk Factors of Elderly Residents in Andong Rural Area 2. Based on the Biochemical Measurements and Nutrient Intakes
Hye-Sang Lee, Chong-Suk Kwon
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2010; 39(10): 1459. CrossRef

Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules Detected by Ultrasonography in Adults for Health Check-Ups and Analysis of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.: Won Jun Kim, Joo Hyong Kim, Dong Won Park, Chang Beom Lee, Yong Soo Park, Dong Sum Kim, Woong Hwan Choi, Tae Wha Kim, You Hern Ahn; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):413-419. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.413

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of thyroid nodules in healthy adults without a history of thyroid disease and the results of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). METHODS: We retrospectively studied 4,832 adults (2,427 women, 2,405 men) over the age of 20 who had visited our health care center from January, 2005, to March, 2008. Subjects with previous thyroid disease were excluded. All were screened by thyroid ultrasonography and FNAC was performed on large or potentially malignant nodules. RESULTS: Thyroid nodules were present in 686 women (28.3%) and 396 men (16.5%), with a female predominance (odds ratio = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.35~1.60). The prevalence of a thyroid nodule was significantly correlated with age in both women and men (P < 0.001). Multinodularity also increased according to age in both groups. Ninety patients were tested with conventional FNAC and 195 underwent ultrasonography-guided FNAC. The rate of inadequate cytology by ultrasonographic guidance was lower than by freehand methods, and the total rate of malignant cytology per patient was 17.9%. Ultrasonographic characteristics that significantly correlated with histologically-confirmed papillary carcinoma included a solid component, hypoechogenecity, irregular margin, and the presence of microcalcification or macrocalcification. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of thyroid nodules detected by ultrasonography was 28.3% in healthy women and 16.5% in healthy men population. The prevalence and multinodularity was significantly correlated with age in both groups. It's useful to examine thyroid by ultrasonography because of detecting more nodules, providing guidance of FNAC, achieving more adequate sampling and not missing small malignant nodules.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and the Morphological Analysis of Malignant Nodules on Ultrasonography
An Hyun, Ji Tae-jeong, Lee Hyo-young, Im In-chul
Journal of Radiological Science and Technology.2019; 42(3): 201. CrossRef
Ultrasonographic Characteristics of the Hyperfunctioning Thyroid Nodule and Predictive Factors for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Suppression
Won Sang Yoo, Hoon Sung Choi
International Journal of Thyroidology.2019; 12(1): 35. CrossRef
Prevalence and Annual Incidence of Thyroid Disease in Korea from 2006 to 2015: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Hyemi Kwon, Jin-hyung Jung, Kyung-Do Han, Yong-Gyu Park, Jung-Hwan Cho, Da Young Lee, Ji Min Han, Se Eun Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 33(2): 260. CrossRef
Prevalence of thyroid nodules and their associated clinical parameters: a large-scale, multicenter-based health checkup study
Jae Hoon Moon, Min Kyung Hyun, Ja Youn Lee, Jung Im Shim, Tae Hyuk Kim, Hoon Sung Choi, Hwa Young Ahn, Kyung Won Kim, Do Joon Park, Young Joo Park, Ka Hee Yi
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2018; 33(4): 753. CrossRef
Analysis of Fine Needle Aspiration Results of Thyroid Nodules in Ultrasonography
Jong-Gil Kwak, Jae-Bok Han, Jong-Nam Song, Il-Bong Moon, Nam-Gil Choi
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2016; 16(5): 290. CrossRef
Clinical Characteristics and Incidence of Thyroid Nodule in the Male Population for Health Check-up
Yeon Jin Jeon, Young Teag Koh, Seung Jong Oh, Min Young Koo
Korean Journal of Endocrine Surgery.2015; 15(4): 93. CrossRef
Clinical Characteristics and Incidence of Thyroid Nodule in the Male Population for Health Check-up
Yeon Jin Jeon, Young Teag Koh, Seung Jong Oh, Min Young Koo
Korean Journal of Endocrine Surgery.2015; 15(4): 93. CrossRef
Management of Thyroid Nodules and Cancers Arising in the Elderly
Eunyoung Kim, June Young Choi, Kyu Eun Lee
Journal of Korean Thyroid Association.2012; 5(2): 99. CrossRef
Screening of Thyroid Cancer and Management of Thyroid Incidentaloma
Jung Jin Cho
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2010; 31(2): 87. CrossRef

Case Reports

A Case of Methimazole-induced Agranulocytosis and Kikuchi's Disease in a Patient with Graves' Disease.: Seung Eun Lee, Jihyun Ahn, Jaetaek Kim, Yeon Sahng Oh, Yun Jae Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):420-424. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.420

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Abstract PDF: Methimazole-induced agranulocytosis is a rare, but critical side effect that should be recognized as soon as possible since it may induce a life-threatening condition when it was overlooked. Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is also called Kikuchi's lymphadenitis, and this is a rare form of lymphadenitis with a self-limited clinical course and this illness is accompanied by cervical lymph node enlargement, fever and malaise. We recently experienced a patient with methimazole-induced agranulocytosis and Graves' disease, and this was accompanied by Kikuchi's disease; the patient presented with sore throat and multiple enlarged cervical lymph nodes. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous report on methimazole-induced agranulocytosis combined with Kikuchi's disease. Therefore, we report here on this very rare case along with a brief review of the relevant literature.

A Case of Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis with Rhabdomyolysis.: Seo Hee Lee, Seong Yeol Kim, Hae Ri Lee, Jun Goo Kang, Ohk Hyun Ryu, Chul Sik Kim, Byung Wan Lee, Seong Jin Lee, Eun Gyoung Hong, Hyeon Kyu Kim, Doo Man Kim, Jae Myung Yu, Sung Hee Ihm, Moon Gi Choi, Hyung Joon Yoo; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):425-429. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.425

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Abstract PDF: Hyperthyroidism combined with rhabdomyolysis is extremely rare. There are only 6 reported cases of hyperthyroidism accompanied with rhabdomyolysis in the medical literature. Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome involving the breakdown of skeletal muscle, and this causes myoglobin and intracellular protein to leak into the circulation. The causes of rhabdomyolysis include trauma, electrolyte abnormality, infection, drug, toxin and hypothyroidism. We report here on a patient who presented with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis and rhabdomyolysis with hypokalemia. He complained of lower leg paralysis along with muscle tenderness, and the laboratory findings showed elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels. After treatment by hydration, potassium replacement and drug medication, including propylthiouracil and beta-blocker, his CK levels were normalized and his symptoms were much improved. For patient with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis and muscle tenderness, the possibility of rhabdomyolysis should be clarified by examining the CK levels.

Two Cases of the Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.: Hee Kwan Won, Myoung Jun Lee, Joo Ho Park, In Girl Song, Go Eun Lee, Ji Hyun Jeong, Jee Young Cheon, Hae Joung Sul, Dong Mi Lim, Keun Young Park; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):430-437. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.430

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Abstract PDF: The diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSPTC) is a rare histological subtype characterized by diffuse involvement of one or both thyroid lobes, widespread lymphatic permeation, prominent fibrosis, squamous metaplasia, abundant psammoma body and lymphatic infiltration. This subtype usually occurs in young female, and exhibits a higher frequency of cervical and distant metastasis. DSPTC clinically resembles Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and often delays the correct diagnosis. We experienced two patients with DSPTC: the one patient presented with a neck mass lasting for a month, and in the other patient, a thyroid lesion was incidentally found during a medical examination.

A Case of Painful Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Successfully Treated with Total Thyroidectomy.: Hee Kyung Kim, Hong Joon Shin, Ho Cheol Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):438-443. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.438

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Abstract PDF

Painful Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a subtype of HT characterized by thyroid pain with overt elevation in inflammatory markers and thyroid autoantibodies. The differential diagnosis of painful HT with subacute granulomatous thyroiditis is often difficult because initial clinical findings are very similar. Findings that favor the diagnosis of painful HT include preceding history of chronic goiter or autoimmune thyroid diseases, a high titer of thyroid autoantibodies, and repeated painful attacks even with chronic glucocorticoid therapy. Surgery is often needed to relieve the thyroid pain.

Citations

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Painful immunoglobulin G4-related thyroiditis treated by total thyroidectomy
Ihn Suk Lee, Jung Uee Lee, Kwan-Ju Lee, Yi Sun Jang, Jong Min Lee, Hye Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2016; 31(2): 399. CrossRef
A Case of Painful Hashimoto Thyroiditis that Mimicked Subacute Thyroiditis
Hye Mi Seo, Miyeon Kim, Jaeseok Bae, Jo-Heon Kim, Jeong Won Lee, Sang Ah Lee, Gwanpyo Koh, Dae Ho Lee
Chonnam Medical Journal.2012; 48(1): 69. CrossRef

A Case of MELAS Syndrome Manifested by Insulin-deficient Diabetes Mellitus.: Hee Seog Jeong, Ji Young Kang, Hyun Kim, Kyu Ho Lee, Dal Sic Lee, Guan Yong Choi, Tae Geun Oh, Hyen Jeong Jeon; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):444-449. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.444

2,316 View
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1 Crossref

Abstract PDF

MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) syndrome is characterized by stroke-like episodes before the age of 40, encephalopathy, seizures, dementia and lactic acidosis, and is caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Diabetes mellitus and cardiac involvement are also frequently seen in MELAS syndrome. It is a classic mitochondrial disorder that shows a slow, chronic, progressive course, and presents with multiple organ involvement including the central nervous system, skeletal muscle, eye, cardiac muscle and gastrointestinal system.

Citations

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Characteristic Neuroimaging Findings in a Patient with Acute Metabolic Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episodes Syndrome Distinguishable from that of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Hyodong Kim, Jung-ju Lee, Byung-kun Kim, Ohyun Kwon, Jong-moo Park, Kyusik Kang, Woong-woo Lee
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association.2020; 38(1): 37. CrossRef

A Case of Retroperitoneal Paraganglioma Manifested as Intractable Constipation with Paralytic Ileus and Aggravated Hyperglycemia.: Seung Joon Hwang, Mi kwang Kwon, Suk Chon; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):450-455. Published online December 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.450

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Abstract PDF: Paragangliomas are extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas that arise from specialized neural crest cells. They are distributed anywhere from the upper neck to the pelvic floor, and they are classified on the basis of their anatomic origin. Functioning paragangliomas can cause the same clinical manifestations as pheochromocytoma, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenergic spells and so on. We experienced a retroperitoneal paraganglioma that was found in 66 year-old male who suffered from intractable constipation, and his constipation was caused by paralytic ileus and uncontrolled hyperglycemia. After he was diagnosed, removal of the paraganglioma was done and his clinical symptoms and sustained hyperglycemia were successfully resolved.

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