Endocrinology and Metabolism

Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of BRAFV600E in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.: Minho Shong, Young Suk Jo, Heung kyu Ro; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(4):245-251. Published online August 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.4.245

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.: Hyejin Lee, Yeon ah Sung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(4):252-256. Published online August 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.4.252

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The Evaluation and Follow-up of Adrenal Incidentaloma.: Sin Gon Kim, Dong Seop Choi; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(4):257-259. Published online August 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.4.257

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Characterization of Incidentally Detected Adrenal Pheochromocytoma
Soon Jib Yoo, Woohyeon Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2012; 27(2): 116. CrossRef

Clinical Characteristics for 132 Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma.: Hyun Seung Jeong, Hee Joung Kim, Hae Sung Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Do Joon Park, Kyung Soo Park, Hak Cheol Jang, Seong Yeon Kim, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(4):260-265. Published online August 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.4.260

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BACKGROUND
Recently, the detection rate for adrenal incidentaloma in Korea has been on the increase. We describe here the clinical characteristics of these tumors and describe appropriate guidelines of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: We analyzed age, sex, location, size, function, and the pathological findings for 132 patients with an adrenal mass by CT, USG, and MRI undertaken for health examinations or non-adrenal disease from January 2000 to March 2005. RESULTS: Adrenal masses were most commonly found in patients in their sixties (31%). 62.1% of the patients were men and 37.9% were women. For the location of the masses, 53% were found in the left gland, 43.2% were found in the right gland and 3.8% were found in both glands. Of all of the masses analyzed, 66% were 1 cm to 4 cm in size, and an adenoma-like appearance was the most common finding (69.7%) seen in images. All of the pheochromocytomas and carcinomas were above 4 cm in size. Patients with a functional mass were seen in 18 cases (13.6%) and pheochromocytomas were seen in 12 cases (67%). Three patients were found with cancer (2.3%), two cases (1.5%) of a primary carcinoma and one case of a metastasis (0.8%). CONCLUSION: The frequency and characteristics of benign nonfunctional, functional and malignant masses that were found in our hospital were similar to those presented in studies conducted outside of Korea. Therefore, it may be possible to apply previously established guidelines to domestic patients.

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Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentaloma: the Korean Endocrine Society, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines
Jung-Min Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Koh, Bo-Yeon Kim, Sang-Wan Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Hae-Jin Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Juri Park, Jung-Soo Lim, Seong Yeon Kim, Young Kee Shong, Soon Jib Yoo
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2017; 92(1): 4. CrossRef
Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentaloma
Jung-Min Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Koh, Bo-Yeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Juri Park, Jung Soo Lim, Seong Yeon Kim, Young Kee Shong, Soon Jib Yoo
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(2): 200. CrossRef
Clinical Characteristics for 348 Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma
Jongho Kim, Kwi Hyun Bae, Yeon Kyung Choi, Ji Yun Jeong, Keun Gyu Park, Jung Guk Kim, In Kyu Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2013; 28(1): 20. CrossRef
Clinical characteristics and follow-up of Korean patients with adrenal incidentalomas
Yoon Young Cho, Sunghwan Suh, Ji Young Joung, Hyemin Jeong, Dongmo Je, Hongseok Yoo, Taek Kyu Park, Yong-Ki Min, Kwang-Won Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2013; 28(5): 557. CrossRef
Characterization of Incidentally Detected Adrenal Pheochromocytoma
Soon Jib Yoo, Woohyeon Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2012; 27(2): 116. CrossRef
Different diagnostic cut-off values of urinary fractionated metanephrines according to sex for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in Korean subjects
Seo Young Sohn, Hyung Doo Park, Soo Youn Lee, Jung Han Kim, Byong Chang Jung, Hye Jeong Kim, Hye Won Jang, Kwang Won Kim, Moon Kyu Lee, Yong Ki Min, Jae Hyeon Kim
Endocrine Journal.2012; 59(9): 831. CrossRef
Characterization of Incidentally Detected Adrenal Pheochromocytoma
Ye An Kim, Yul Hwangbo, Min Joo Kim, Hyung Jin Choi, Je Hyun Seo, Yenna Lee, Soo Heun Kwak, Eu Jeong Ku, Tae Jung Oh, Eun Roh, Jae Hyun Bae, Jung Hee Kim, Kyoung Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2012; 27(2): 132. CrossRef
The Evaluation and Follow-up of Adrenal Incidentaloma
Sin Gon Kim, Dong Seop Choi
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2007; 22(4): 257. CrossRef

A Case of Turner's Syndrome with Transient Hypopituitarism.: Ji Sun Nam, Min Ho Cho, Jung Min Roh, Hai Jin Kim, Ji Eun Yoon, Han Young Jung, Jong Suk Park, Eun Seok Kang, Chul Woo Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Eun Jig Lee, Sung Kil Lim, Kyung Rae Kim, Hyun Chul Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(4):266-271. Published online August 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.4.266

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Abstract PDF: Turner's syndrome is characterized by short stature and gonadal dysgenesis, and it is often associated with various systemic manifestations, such as cardiovascular, renal, thyroidal, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal disorders. Though very rare, it can also be accompanied by hypopituitarism. It is important to give a meticulous medical attention to short females with gonadal dysgenesis so that neither disease is neglected or gets delayed diagnosis. In this case, Turner's syndrome and hypopituitarism were diagnosed almost simultaneously, but hypopiuitarism was transient, and the normal pituitary function was recovered spontaneously without any treatment. Initial sella MRI showed mild congenital hypoplastic hypopituitarism, and combined pituitary function test was compatible with hypopituitarism, but after 5 years, though growth hormone deficiency was still present, otherwise normal pituitary function was noted without any change in MRI. Herein, we are reporting a case of Turner's syndrome with transient idiopathic hypopituitarism with the review of literature.

A Case of Idiopathic Central Diabetes Insipidus together with Primary Empty Sella and Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency.: Sun Young Ahn, Kyu Hwan Bae, Myung Hwan Kim, Ji Hyun Lee, Ho Sang Shon, Eui Dal Jung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(4):272-276. Published online August 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.4.272

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Abstract PDF: Central diabetes insipidus is a heterogeneous condition that is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia, and this is due to a deficiency of arginine vasopressin. Central diabetes insipidus is rare in children and young adults, and up to 50 percent of cases are idiopathic. Genetic abnormalities in the homeobox genes have recently been shown, on sellar magnetic resonance imaging, to be associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency with pituitary defect. We report here on a 44-year-old female who suffered from polydipsia, polyuria and primary amenorrhea since childhood. She was diagnosed with idiopathic central diabetes insipidus together with primary empty sella and combined pituitary hormone deficiency. On the genetic analysis, she was proven to have a point mutation of the PROP-1 gene, which is known as a cause of combined pituitary hormone deficiency.

A Case of Resistance Syndrome to Thyroid Hormone Associated with Mutation (G345D) in the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta Gene.: Tae Jin Park, Joon Koo Kang, Kyoung Woo Seo, Hae Jin Kim, Yoon Sok Chung, Kwan Woo Lee, Seon Yong Jeong, Hyon Ju Kim, Dae Jung Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(4):277-281. Published online August 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.4.277

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Resistance syndrome to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that is characterized by decreased tissue responsiveness to thyroid hormone, and it is mainly due to mutations of the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) gene. We report here on a 36-years old male who had mild thyroid goiter and general weakness. The thyroid function test showed elevated levels of total T3 and free T4. The levels of TSH and the free alpha subunit were in normal ranges. Mutation analysis of the THRB gene revealed the missense mutation G345D. We report here on the clinical features and THRB gene mutation analysis of a case of RTH.

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A Case of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone with Thyroid Cancer
Hee Kyung Kim, Doi Kim, Eun Hyung Yoo, Ji In Lee, Hye Won Jang, Alice Hyun Kyung Tan, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Kwang-Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Sun Wook Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(9): 1368. CrossRef

A Case of Neutropenic Enterocolitis Complicating Methimazole-induced Agranulocytosis.: Sang Hyun Park, In Sung Cho, Hyun Jin Kim, Soo Jung Gong, Nae You Kim, Jung Ae Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(4):282-286. Published online August 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.4.282

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Abstract PDF: Agranulocytosis is a rare complication of antithyroid drug therapy. Neutropenic enterocolitis is characterized by neutropenia plus cecal and ascending colon inflammation, and this is the most feared side effect of agranulocytosis. This is a rare complication of chemotherapy for treating hematological malignancies and less commonly, of the medication used for treating other diseases (e.g., hyperthyroidism). The mortality rate varies from 50 to 100%, with most deaths being due to bowel perforation and sepsis. Therefore, early recognition and proper medical management of neutropenic enterocolitis is important. Recently, early recognition and progress in the management have probably reduced the mortality of this malady, yet there have been no prospective randomized trials or high-quality retrospective studies on the treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis. Therefore, standardized recommendations concerning the indications for surgery cannot be made, but most of these patients are probably not candidates for surgical intervention. Non-surgical management may be a reasonable initial approach for those patients presenting without significant complications such as peritonitis, perforation or bleeding. We report here on a case that was treated with successful medical management for neutropenic enterocolitis that occurred when administering methimazole therapy as an antithyroid drug.

Solitary Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (0.3 cm in Diameter) Presenting Multiple Distant Metastases at the Time of Diagnosis.: Tae Hyun Kim, Jung Han Kim, Young Lyun Oh, You Cheol Hwang, Jung Hwa Jung, Hye Seung Jung, Mira Kang, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(4):287-291. Published online August 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.4.287

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Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is defined as being 1 cm or less in diameter. Although the prognosis of PTMC is known to be more favorable than that of papillary thyroid carcinoma greater than 1 cm in diameter, pathologic factors suggesting aggressiveness, such as multifocality and lymph node invasion, have been reported to be highly prevalent in PTMC. However, the rate of distant metastasis in patients with PTMC is very low. Many investigators have reported that initial distant metastasis was detected only in patients with PTMC greater than 0.4 cm in diameter, however these cases have involved only one organ, usually the lung. We report here on an extremely unusual case of solitary PTMC (0.3 cm in diameter) presenting multiple distant metastases at the time of diagnosis.

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Clinico-pathologic Characteristics of the Primary Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Breast Cancer
Hyun Won Shin, Hye Won Jang, Ji Young Park, Jae Hoon Chung, Young-Ki Min, Myung-Shik Lee, Moon-Kyu Lee, Kwang-Won Kim, Sun Wook Kim
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2009; 24(4): 240. CrossRef

A Case of Primary Hyperparathyroidism due to Cystic Parathyroid Adenoma Presenting as Hypercalcemic Crisis Associated with Intracranial Hemorrhage.: Jin Ook Chung, Gwi Hong Jeong, Se In Hong, Dong Hyeok Cho, Dong Jin Chung, Min Young Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(4):292-298. Published online August 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.4.292

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Most patients with hypercalcemia are asymptomatic or they have non-specific symptoms at diagnosis. Yet hypercalcemic crisis is a potentially fatal complication of hyperparathyroidism. Cystic parathyroid adenoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemic crisis. A 52-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital due to her relapsed drowsy mental state and renal insufficiency that occurred in course of her management for intracranial hemorrhage with manitol. The total serum calcium was 16.2 mg/dL and the intact parathyroid hormone was 546 pg/mL. Neck computed tomography showed a 3.1 x 1.8 cm sized cystic mass on the right thyroid lower pole. 99mTc-labelled sestamibi scintigraphy showed no significant uptake. In addition to prompt saline infusion and loop diuretics, the patient was given pamidronate to lower the serum calcium, and she was improved to an alert mental state with normal renal function. Surgical excision of the parathyroid cyst was performed. A histological examination confirmed a cystic parathyroid adenoma. The levels of plasma PTH and serum calcium were normalized after resection.

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Can Biochemical Markers and Ultrasonographical Diameters Be Used to Predict Histopathological Diagnosis in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism?
Ahmet Dirikoc, Husniye Baser, Burcak Polat, Cevdet Aydin, Aylin Kilic Yazgan, Mehmet Kilic, Didem Ozdemir, Bekir Cakir
Indian Journal of Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Preoperative Predictive Factors for Parathyroid Carcinoma in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Jae Hyun Bae, Hyung Jin Choi, Yenna Lee, Min Kyong Moon, Young Joo Park, Chan Soo Shin, Do Jun Park, Hak Chul Jang, Seong Yeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2012; 27(8): 890. CrossRef

Two Cases of Simple Virilizing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia with Compound Heterozygous Mutations of CYP21 Gene.: Koon Soon Kim, Yun Sun Choi, Youn Sun Bai, So Young Rha, Young Suk Jo, Minho Shong; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(4):299-304. Published online August 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.4.299

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Abstract PDF: Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most frequent cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which is an inherited inability to synthesize cortisol. Actually, CAH is caused by mutations in the CYP21 gene encoding the steroid 21-hydroxylase enzyme. In some cases, discordance has been observed between the genotype and the phenotype. We recently experienced two cases of simple virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia with compound heterozygous mutations of the CYP21 gene. The patients had primary amenorrhea and showed virilization. We have described these two cases along with a review of the literature.

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