Clinical Characteristics of Ectopic Thyroid in Korea Ji Sung Yoon, Kyu Chang Won, Ihn Ho Cho, Jae Tae Lee, Hyoung Woo Lee Thyroid.2007; 17(11): 1117. CrossRef
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The Effects of 12-Weeks Intensive Intervention Program on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Adipocytokines and Nutrients Intakes in Industrial Male Workers Kieun Moon, Ill Keun Park, Yeon Sang Jo, Yun Kyun Chang, Yun Mi Paek, Tae In Choi The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2011; 44(4): 292. CrossRef
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is a fat cell-secreted cytokine, which has been reported to improve insulin sensitivity and have antiatherogenic properties. However, it is still unclear whether resistin plays a significant role in the development of insulin resistance in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the adiponectin and resistin concentrations with insulin resistance, metabolic markers and adiposity in healthy and type 2 diabetic subjects. METHODS: Eighty-three type 2 diabetic and 139 healthy subjects were studied. Blood samples were drawn after fasting to determine the fasting plasma glucose, insulin, resistin, adiponectin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels. The subcutaneous and visceral fat areas were measured at the umbilical level using computed tomography. RESULTS: The serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in the diabetic(6.7+/-2.3microgram/mL) than in the obese(8.2+/-2.4microgram/mL, P<0.01) and non-obese subjects(9.9+/-4.5microgram/mL, P<0.01). The serum resistin concentrations were Similar between the non-obese, obese and type 2 diabetic subjects. From a multiple regression analysis, the fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol and HOMA-IR were found to be independent determinants of the log of the adiponectin level in the diabetes group. In healthy subjects, the gender, BMI, HOMA-IR, visceral fat area and HDL-cholesterol were associated with the log of the adiponectin level. However, the log of the resistin level was not associated with the markers of insulin resistance and obesity. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the serum adiponectin concentration was closely related to the insulin resistance marker in both healthy and type 2 diabetic subjects. However, the resistin concentration was not associated with the markers of insulin resistance and/or obesity.
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Effect of Simvastatin on induced apical periodontitis in rats: a tomographic and biochemical analysis Jussara Machado PEREIRA, Alex SEMENOFF-SEGUNDO, Natalino Francisco da SILVA, Álvaro Henrique BORGES, Tereza Aparecida Delle Vedove SEMENOFF Revista de Odontologia da UNESP.2016; 45(4): 189. CrossRef
Relationships among Serum Adiponectin, Leptin and Vitamin D Concentrations and the Metabolic Syndrome in Farmers Seo-Eun Yeon, Hee-Ryoung Son, Jung-Sook Choi, Eun-Kyung Kim Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(1): 12. CrossRef
Comparison of Serum Adiponectin Levels According to Body Mass Index and Dietary Behaviors of Female University Students in Seoul Mi Joung Kim, Hyun Young Jun, Hye Bog Rha Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(4): 354. CrossRef
The Effects of 12-Weeks Intensive Intervention Program on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Adipocytokines and Nutrients Intakes in Industrial Male Workers Kieun Moon, Ill Keun Park, Yeon Sang Jo, Yun Kyun Chang, Yun Mi Paek, Tae In Choi The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2011; 44(4): 292. CrossRef
The Effects of D-Chiro-Inositol on Glucose Metabolism in 3T3-L1 Cells Kang Seo Park, Jae Min Lee, Bon Jeong Ku, Young Suk Jo, Seong Kyu Lee, Kyung Wan Min, Kyung Ah Han, Hyo Jeong Kim, Hyun Jin Kim Korean Diabetes Journal.2008; 32(3): 196. CrossRef
BACKGROUND There have been recent reports that the fat distribution within skeletal muscle and the amount of muscle mass are associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated the impacts of visceral fat and thigh muscle from patients with T2DM and healthy subjects on atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. METHODS: Forty-two patients with newly-developed T2DM and 11 healthy subjects were selected for the study. The diabetic patients were subdivided into two groups, those under 40 years of age, as the young T2DM (n=21) group, and 40 years-old or greater, as the old T2DM (n=21) group. CT scans were obtained for all patients at the L4-L5 level and at the mid-portion between the greater trochanter and upper margin patella. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was also measured using high resolution B-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS: The mean visceral fat area (VFA) in the old T2DM group was 169.4+/-13.2cm2, which was significantly greater than that found in the healthy subjects (67.9+/-7.92cm2, P<0.001) and young T2DM group (127.1+/-10.4cm2, P<0.05). The mean visceral fat to normal density muscle area ratio (VMNR) in the old T2DM group was 1.50+/-0.19, which was greater than in the healthy subjects (0.46+/-0.52, P<0.001) and young T2DM group (1.01+/-0.10, P<0.05). The total thigh muscle areas in the young and old T2DM groups were smaller than that in the healthy subjects, but without statistical significance. VMNR showed a positive correlation with the IMT and HOMA-IR. However, the total thigh muscle area was negatively correlated with the IMT. The normal density muscle area also showed significant negative correlations with the IMT and HOMA-IR. In a multiple regression analysis, age and VMNR were the most important independent risk factors of an increased carotid IMT. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the role of thigh muscle, as well as that of visceral fat, played a very important role in the occurrence of atherosclerosis. VMNR was found to be an especially important independent factor for an increased carotid IMT.
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High fat stores in ectopic compartments in men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: an anthropometric determinant of carotid atherosclerosis and insulin resistance S-K Kim, S-W Park, I-J Hwang, Y-K Lee, Y-W Cho International Journal of Obesity.2010; 34(1): 105. CrossRef
Hyeon Kyu Kim, Min Ho Cho, Choel Young Park, Seong Jin Lee, Gi Weon Oh, In Kyung Jeong, Eun Gyung Hong, Sung Hee Ihm, Doo Man Kim, Jae Myung Yu, Moon Gi Choi, Hyung Joon Yoo, Sung Woo Park, Jin Hwan Kim, Young Soo Rho
J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(5):460-466. Published online October 1, 2005
BACKGROUND Radioiodine treatment is effective for the removal of remnant thyroid tissues after thyroidectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. To induce the elevation of serum TSH level which facilitates the uptake of radioiodine into remnants, a 4 to 6 week interval between thyroidectomy and radioiodine administration has been established. During the period of preparation, most patients have experienced overt symptoms of hypothyroidism which have led to the development of alternative strategies. Some reports have suggested that the interval could be reduced to about 3 weeks with less symptoms. We reevaluated the adequate time needed for the elevation of serum TSH level above 30microU/mL after thyroidectomy. METHODS: Forty five patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma were investigated. Serum TSH and free T4 levels were measured one or more times within 3 weeks after operation(total 97 blood samples). Eighty nine blood samples were obtained within 15 days. RESULTS: In 41 patients (91.1%) serum TSH levels increased to 30 microU/mL until 15 days after operation. Until postoperative 21 days, serum TSH levels in all the other patients reached 30microU/mL. In linear equation, the daily increment of serum TSH levels was 2.62microU/mL for the first 8 days after operation and 5.34micorU/mL for the next 7 days. The half-life of serum free T4 levels showed marked individual variations. CONCLUSION: Measurement of serum TSH level at about 15 days after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma may be useful in determining the time of radioiodine administration.
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is a central feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and hyperinsulinemia contributes to anovulation, oligo or amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism and infertility in women with PCOS. The use of insulin sensitizers, such as metformin or thiazolidinedione, in PCOS is becoming increasingly accepted. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of metformin and rosiglitazone on the metabolic and reproductive derangement, and find parameters predicting their therapeutic efficacy in Korean PCOS women. METHODS: Sixty-two women with PCOS were recruited. The baseline characteristics, including BMI, glucose tolerance test, lipid profiles, sex hormones and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test, were assessed. After the administration of the insulin sensitizer (metformin 1.5g/day or rosiglitazone 4mg/day) for 3 months, the insulin sensitivity was reassessed. A drug response was defined as menstrual restoration or pregnancy. RESULTS: Of the 62 women with PCOS, 36 gained restored regular menstruation, and a further 5 conceived (a drug response rate of 66.7%). There were no significant clinical differences between responders and nonresponders. Twelve weeks after taking the drugs, the insulin sensitivity was significantly improved (M-value 4.7+/-0.2 vs. 5.5+/-0.4mg/kg/min, P<0.05), and the free testosterone levels(72.5+/-39.9 vs. 45.8 +/-3.8pmol/L, P<0.05) were significantly decreased, without significant weight reduction. CONCLUSION: Metformin and rosiglitazone restored menstruation in 66.1% of women with PCOS. Hyperandrogenemia and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved with the use of the two drugs. However, metabolic or hormonal markers for predicting the drug response could not be found.
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Hyejin Lee, Yeon-ah Sung Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2007; 22(4): 252. CrossRef
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has shown a biochemical link between increased oxidative stress and reduced bone density. In our previous study, alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA), a thiol antioxidant, suppressed both osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, and also prevented TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis of osteoblast lineages. The effects of alpha-LA were investigated on bone metabolism in rats with a low bone mass. METHODS: An ovariectomy (OVX) or Talc injection (inflammation-mediated osteopenia, IMO) was performed in 12 week old female Sprague-Dawley rats. Diets containing either 0.3%, 0.5% or 1.0% alpha-LA were administered to the OVX rats for 16 weeks, and to the IMO rats for 21 days. The bone mineral densities (BMD) of the anterior-posterior lumbar spine and total femur were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR 4500-A), with small animal software. The plasma bone specific alkaline phosphatase activity (BSAP) and urinary free deoxypyridinoline concentration (DPD) were determined using enzyme immunoassay methods. RESULTS: The body weights were significantly decreased in the OVX rats on the diets containing 0.3 and 0.5% alpha-LA than in the OVX control. No significant differences in the BMD at either site were noted between rats administered the diets with or without alpha-LA. However, the administration of various doses of alpha-LA noticeably decreased the level of urinary DPD in both the OVX and IMO rats. High doses of alpha-LA (0.5% and/or 1.0%) also decreased the levels of plasma BSAP in both models. CONCLUSION: Although no increase in BMD was demonstrated by the administration of alpha-LA, these results suggest that alpha-LA suppresses the rates of bone turnover in rats with a low bone mass
BACKGROUND The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons represent the final output cells of the neural network that controls fertility. Dopamine (DA) has been shown to control gonadotropin release in many species. However, the direct membrane effects of DA and the related receptors on GnRH neurons remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct actions of DA on GnRH neurons and the related receptors using brain slice electrophysiology. METHODS: Gramicidin-perforated patch clamp recordings were made from the GnRH neurons to examine the direct membrane effects of DA in GnRH-EGFP mut5 mice. RESULTS: DA induced hyperpolarization of the GnRH neurons, which was maintained in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a Na+ channel blocker, suggesting a direct, rather than indirect, action of DA on GnRH neurons. DA-induced hyperpolarizing effects were blocked by prazosin, an alpah1-adrenergic antagonist, and mimicked by phenylephrine (PE), an alpha1-adrenergic agonist. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that DA exerts a direct inhibitory effect on GnRH neurons via the alpha1- adrenergic receptors. These results support the general concept that dopaminergic afference represents a predominantly inhibitory component of the GnRH neuronal network.
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Herein, a case of a solitary primary paraganglioma arising in the mesentery, found in a hypertensive 70-year-old woman, who presented with nausea and postprandial abdominal discomfort, is reported. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a hypervascular mass abutting the second portion of the duodenum. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a 5.5 x 5.3 x 5cm sized mass in the mesentery of the transverse colon, which was histologically proven to be a paraganglioma. No intraoperative hemodynamic changes developed, and the postoperative course was uneventful. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a paraganglioma arising in the mesentery reported in Korea. Considering the unusual locations and the associated operative risk, it is necessary to rule out the possibility of a functioning paraganglioma in the preoperative differential diagnosis of an abdominal mass.
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Primary aldosteronism is due to either a unilateral adrenal adenoma or bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex in most cases. A unilateral adrenalectomy in hypertensive and hypokalemic patients, with a well-documented adrenal adenoma, is usually followed by the correction of hypokalemia in all subjects, with the cure of hypertension in 60 to 87% of patients. Here, a unique case, in which a unilateral adrenalectomy for the removal of an adrenal adenoma was followed by severe hyperkalemia, low levels of plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone, suggestive of chronic suppression of the renin-aldosterone axis, is reported. In a follow-up Lasix stimulation test on the 70th day after surgery, the suppression of the renin-aldosterone axis was resolved, indicating the suppression was transient. Patients undergoing a unilateral adrenalectomy for an aldosterone-producing adenoma should be closely followed up to avoid severe hyperkalemia.
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Papillary carcinomas account for 85~90% of all thyroid cancers, with the tumor size considered an important prognostic factor. As the use of high-resolution ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration biopsy have increased, the diagnosis of papillary microcarcinomas of the thyroid gland; defined by the World Health Organization as being less than 1 cm in diameter, has increased. They are generally associated with an excellent prognosis, with distant metastasis being extremely rare. They usually remain clinically silent until their incidental histological diagnosis by autopsy or surgical material. The incidence discovered at autopsy varies between 3 and 36%. Cervical lymph node metastases from papillary microcarcinomas have often been discovered, which may be the first and sole manifestation of the disease, without clinical suspicion of a thyroid tumor. Herein, the case of a papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, diagnosed after a total thyroidectomy due to its first presentation as a contralateral cervical lymph node metastasis, without evidence of a clinical thyroid tumor, is described.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis can cause central diabetes insipidus. Here, a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis invading the pituitary stalk was experienced. The patient was 15 years old boy, with complaint of polydipsia and polyuria. A water deprivation test was carried out, and the urine osmolarity was increased from 165 to 469 mosm/kg following an injection of AVP to confirm the diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus. A pituitary function stimulation test gave a normal response. A sellar MRI was performed, which showed a thickened pituitary stalk mass (about 5.7mm), with an increased size, 6.9 mm, on a second MRI 2 month later. A tissue biopsy was performed, which showed aggregates of histiocytes and inflammatory cells, with prominent eosinophils (H&E), and also revealed strong reactivity to anti-CD1a antibody on the immunohistochemistry. After confirmative tissue diagnosis, the patient received radiotherapy (900 cGy). The thickened mass of the pituitary stalk disappeared on the MRI following the radiotherapy. The patient was managed with DDAVP nasal spray, after which the polyuric symptoms were completely relieved.
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Methimazole is a widely used and generally well-tolerated antithyroid agent. Adverse reactions occur in 1~5% of patients taking methimazole medication, but these are most commonly transient, benign leukopenia and a skin rash. Severe cholestatic jaundice, combined with agranulocytosis, has been known as a rare complication. Herein, a case of methimazole induced cholestatic jaundice, with agranulocytosis, is reported.
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Alcohol ingestion during pregnancy can be damaging to embryonic and fetal development. A specific pattern of malformation, identified as Fetal alcohol syndrome, has been documented in 1~2 of every 1,000 live infant births Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by growth deficiency, facial abnormalities, cardiac defects, minor joint and limb abnormalities, as well as central nervous system dysfunction, including microcephaly, mental retardation and abnormal neurobehavioral development. However, there are few reports of fetal alcohol syndrome associated with hormonal abnormality or amenorrhea. Recently, a case of secondary amenorrhea, which developed in a 19-year-old woman with fetal alcohol syndrome, was experienced at our institute, but the exact cause of the amenorrhea was difficulty to find. Herein, this case is reported, with a review of the literature.
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