Pituitary tumors represent the most common intracranial neoplasms accompanying serious morbidity through mass effects and inappropriate secretion of pituitary hormones. Understanding the etiology of pituitary tumorigenesis will facilitate the development of satisfactory treatment for pituitary adenomas. Although the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas is largely unknown, considerable evidence indicates that the pituitary tumorigenesis is a complex process involving multiple factors, including genetic and epigenetic changes. This review summarized the recent progress in the study of pituitary tumorigenesis, focusing on the role of tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and microRNAs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Plurihormonal Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Clinical Relevance of Immunohistochemical Analysis
  Roxana-Ioana Dumitriu-Stan, Iulia-Florentina Burcea, Ramona Dobre, Valeria Nicoleta Nastase, Raluca Amalia Ceausu, Marius Raica, Catalina Poiana
  Diagnostics.2024; 14(2): 170.     CrossRef
• Pituitary Adenoma: SSTR2 rs2236750, SSTR5 rs34037914, and AIP rs267606574 Genetic Variants, Serum Levels, and Ki-67 Labeling Index Associations
  Greta Gedvilaite-Vaicechauskiene, Loresa Kriauciuniene, Arimantas Tamasauskas, Vita Rovite, Ilona Mandrika, Sheng-Nan Wu, Chin-Wei Huang, Lina Poskiene, Rasa Liutkeviciene
  Medicina.2024; 60(8): 1252.     CrossRef
• LncRNA MYMLR promotes pituitary adenoma development by upregulating carbonyl reductase 1 via sponging miR-197-3p
  Tuo Wang, Ping Mao, Yan Zhang, Bo Cui, Mao-De Wang, Ya Li, Ke Gao
  Anti-Cancer Drugs.2022; 33(10): 1058.     CrossRef
• Transcriptomic Profiles of Normal Pituitary Cells and Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Cells
  Jun Y. Oh, Robert C. Osorio, Jangham Jung, Luis Carrete, Nikita Choudhary, Meeki Lad, Atul Saha, Manish K. Aghi
  Cancers.2022; 15(1): 110.     CrossRef
• EMT-Related Markers in Serum Exosomes are Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Invasive Pituitary Adenomas
  Kelin Chen, Guoge Li, Xixiong Kang, Pinan Liu, Lingye Qian, Yijun Shi, Rasha Alsamani Osman, Zhijun Yang, Guojun Zhang
  Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment.2021; Volume 17: 3769.     CrossRef
• The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in the Biology of Pituitary Adenomas
  Ozal Beylerli, Ilgiz Gareev, Valentin Pavlov, Xin Chen, Shiguang Zhao
  World Neurosurgery.2020; 137: 252.     CrossRef
• Sellar Tumors
  Katherine E. Schwetye, Sonika M. Dahiya
  Surgical Pathology Clinics.2020; 13(2): 305.     CrossRef
• Genomic and molecular characterization of pituitary adenoma pathogenesis: review and translational opportunities
  Mazin Elsarrag, Parantap D. Patel, Ajay Chatrath, Davis Taylor, John A. Jane
  Neurosurgical Focus.2020; 48(6): E11.     CrossRef
• Metabolic profiling reveals distinct metabolic alterations in different subtypes of pituitary adenomas and confers therapeutic targets
  Jie Feng, Hua Gao, Qi Zhang, Yang Zhou, Chuzhong Li, Sida Zhao, Lichuan Hong, Jinjin Yang, Shuyu Hao, Wan Hong, Zhengping Zhuang, Guowang Xu, Yazhuo Zhang
  Journal of Translational Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Quantitative Analysis of Proteome in Non-functional Pituitary Adenomas: Clinical Relevance and Potential Benefits for the Patients
  Tingting Cheng, Ya Wang, Miaolong Lu, Xiaohan Zhan, Tian Zhou, Biao Li, Xianquan Zhan
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• circOMA1-Mediated miR-145-5p Suppresses Tumor Growth of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas by Targeting TPT1
  Qiu Du, Bin Hu, Yajuan Feng, Zongming Wang, Xin Wang, Dimin Zhu, Yonghong Zhu, Xiaobing Jiang, Haijun Wang
  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2019; 104(6): 2419.     CrossRef
• Differential Expression of HMGA1 and HMGA2 in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors
  Sérgio Portovedo, Nadja Gaido, Bruno de Almeida Nunes, Ana Giselia Nascimento, Allysson Rocha, Marcelo Magalhães, Gilvan Cortes Nascimento, Denise Pires de Carvalho, Paula Soares, Christina Takiya, Manuel dos Santos Faria, Leandro Miranda-Alves
  Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.2019; 490: 80.     CrossRef
• Double Pituitary Adenomas with Synchronous Somatotroph and Corticotroph Clinical Presentation of Acromegaly and Cushing's Disease
  Naomi Collazo-Gutiérrez, Orlando de Jesús, Maria Villamil-Jarauta, Milliette Alvarado, Loida González, Margarita Ramírez, Victor J. Carlo-Chevere
  World Neurosurgery.2019; 132: 161.     CrossRef
• Association of ApoE haplotype with clinical evidence of pituitary adenoma
  Agne Sidaraite, Alvita Vilkeviciute, Brigita Glebauskiene, Loresa Kriauciuniene, Dalia Zaliuniene, Rasa Liutkeviciene
  Gene.2019; 706: 154.     CrossRef
• Next-generation sequencing of microRNAs reveals a unique expression pattern in different types of pituitary adenomas
  Zongze He, Longyi Chen, Xiao Hu, Jian Tang, Linfu He, Junting Hu, Fan Fei, Qi Wang
  Endocrine Journal.2019; 66(8): 709.     CrossRef
• Growth hormone and prolactin-staining tumors causing acromegaly: a retrospective review of clinical presentations and surgical outcomes
  Jonathan Rick, Arman Jahangiri, Patrick M. Flanigan, Ankush Chandra, Sandeep Kunwar, Lewis Blevins, Manish K. Aghi
  Journal of Neurosurgery.2019; 131(1): 147.     CrossRef
• Study of major genetic factors involved in pituitary tumorigenesis and their impact on clinical and biological characteristics of sporadic somatotropinomas and non-functioning pituitary adenomas
  R.K. Foltran, P.V.G.H. Amorim, F.H. Duarte, I.P.P. Grande, A.C.T.B. Freire, F.P. Frassetto, J.B. Dettoni, V.A. Alves, I. Castro, E.B. Trarbach, M.D. Bronstein, R.S. Jallad
  Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with pituitary tumors
  Gao Hua, He Yanjiao, Liu Qian, Wang Jichao, Zhang Yazhuo
  BMC Cancer.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Plurihormonal ACTH-GH Pituitary Adenoma: Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
  Elena Roca, Pier Paolo Mattogno, Teresa Porcelli, Luigi Poliani, Francesco Belotti, Alberto Schreiber, Filippo Maffezzoni, Marco Maria Fontanella, Francesco Doglietto
  World Neurosurgery.2018; 114: e158.     CrossRef
• The role of galectin-3 in the tumorigenesis and progression of pituitary tumors
  Bo Diao, Ying Liu, Guo‑Zheng Xu, Yi Zhang, Jun Xie, Jie Gong
  Oncology Letters.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Programmed cell senescence: role of IL-6 in the pituitary
  Melanie Sapochnik, Mariana Fuertes, Eduardo Arzt
  Journal of Molecular Endocrinology.2017; 58(4): R241.     CrossRef
• Selective molecular biomarkers to predict biologic behavior in pituitary tumors
  Aydin Sav, Fabio Rotondo, Luis V. Syro, Meric A. Altinoz, Kalman Kovacs
  Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2017; 12(3): 177.     CrossRef
• MicroRNA-200b inhibits pituitary tumor cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PKCα
  Yuanchuan Wang, Xiaohong Yin, Long Zhao, Shun Li, Jie Duan, Renzhao Kuang, Junwei Duan
  Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2017; 14(2): 1706.     CrossRef
• Increased expression of the microRNA 106b~25 cluster and its host gene MCM7 in corticotroph pituitary adenomas is associated with tumor invasion and Crooke’s cell morphology
  Filip Garbicz, Dawid Mehlich, Beata Rak, Emir Sajjad, Maria Maksymowicz, Wiktor Paskal, Grzegorz Zieliński, Paweł K. Włodarski
  Pituitary.2017; 20(4): 450.     CrossRef
• Bromocriptine Induces Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death in Pituitary Adenomas
  Xin Geng, Lixin Ma, Zefu Li, Zhenzhu Li, Jianmin Li, Meng Li, Qingbo Wang, Zheng Chen, Qikai Sun
  World Neurosurgery.2017; 100: 407.     CrossRef
• Biomarkers of pituitary carcinomas
  Aydin Sav, Fabio Rotondo, Luis V. Syro, Antonio Di Ieva, Michael D. Cusimano, Kalman Kovacs
  Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2016; 11(3): 253.     CrossRef
• MicroRNAs in the pituitary
  Erica Gentilin, Ettore degli Uberti, Maria Chiara Zatelli
  Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2016; 30(5): 629.     CrossRef
• Molecular markers in pituitary tumors
  Asha M. Robertson, Anthony P. Heaney
  Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity.2016; 23(4): 324.     CrossRef
• MicroRNA-106b promotes pituitary tumor cell proliferation and invasion through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting PTEN
  Kai Zhou, Tingrong Zhang, YanDong Fan, Serick, Guojia Du, Pengfei Wu, Dangmurenjiafu Geng
  Tumor Biology.2016; 37(10): 13469.     CrossRef
• Isolated double adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: A case report and review of the literature
  JIUJUN PU, ZHIMING WANG, HUI ZHOU, AILING ZHONG, KAI JIN, LUNLIANG RUAN, GANG YANG
  Oncology Letters.2016; 12(1): 585.     CrossRef
• Progress in Endocrine Neoplasia
  Samuel A. Wells
  Clinical Cancer Research.2016; 22(20): 4981.     CrossRef
• Pituitary adenomas: historical perspective, surgical management and future directions
  Debebe Theodros, Mira Patel, Jacob Ruzevick, Michael Lim, Chetan Bettegowda
  CNS Oncology.2015; 4(6): 411.     CrossRef
• Epidrug mediated re-expression of miRNA targeting the HMGA transcripts in pituitary cells
  Mark O. Kitchen, Kiren Yacqub-Usman, Richard D. Emes, Alan Richardson, Richard N. Clayton, William E. Farrell
  Pituitary.2015; 18(5): 674.     CrossRef
• Pituitary Adenoma and the Chemokine Network: A Systemic View
  Fabio Grizzi, Elena Monica Borroni, Alessandro Vacchini, Dorina Qehajaj, Manuela Liguori, Sanja Stifter, Maurizio Chiriva-Internati, Antonio Di Ieva
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
• MiR-132, miR-15a and miR-16 synergistically inhibit pituitary tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration by targeting Sox5
  Wang Renjie, Liang Haiqian
  Cancer Letters.2015; 356(2): 568.     CrossRef
• Brief Review of Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2013
  Won-Young Lee
  Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(3): 251.     CrossRef
• Epigenetics of pituitary tumours
  William E. Farrell
  Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity.2014; 21(4): 299.     CrossRef
• The Role of Genetic and Epigenetic Changes in Pituitary Tumorigenesis
  Hidenori FUKUOKA, Yutaka TAKAHASHI
  Neurologia medico-chirurgica.2014; 54(12): 943.     CrossRef