Endocrinology and Metabolism

Soo Kyoung Kim (Kim SK)

9 Articles

Clinical Study
Predictive Performance of Glycated Hemoglobin for Incident Diabetes Compared with Glucose Tolerance Test According to Central Obesity: Suji Yoo, Jaehoon Jung, Hosu Kim, Kyoung Young Kim, Soo Kyoung Kim, Jungwha Jung, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Jong Ha Baek; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):873-881. Published online December 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.798

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Background
To examine whether glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test would be a suitable screening tool for detecting high-risk subjects for diabetes compared to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to accompanied central obesity.
Methods
In this prospective population-based cohort study, both OGTT and HbA1c tests were performed and continued every 2 years up to 12 years among individuals with non-diabetic state at baseline (aged 40 to 69 years, n=7,512). Incident diabetes was established by a doctor, HbA1c ≥6.5%, and/or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL, and/or 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG) level based on OGTT ≥200 mg/dL. Discriminative capacities of high HbA1c (≥5.7%) versus high 2hPG (≥140 mg/dL) for predicting incident diabetes were compared using Cox-proportional hazard regression and C-index.
Results
During the median 11.5 years of follow-up period, 1,341 (17.6%) developed diabetes corresponding to an incidence of 22.1 per 1,000 person-years. Isolated high 2hPG was associated with higher risk for incident diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 4.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.56 to 5.17) than isolated high HbA1c (HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.40 to 3.26; P<0.05). In addition, high 2hPG provided better discriminatory capacity than high HbA1c (C-index 0.79 vs. 0.75, P<0.05). Meanwhile, in subjects with central obesity, the HR (3.95 [95% CI, 3.01 to 5.18] vs. 2.82 [95% CI, 2.30 to 3.46]) and discriminatory capacity of incident diabetes (C-index 0.75 vs. 0.75) between two subgroups became comparable.
Conclusion
Even though the overall inferior predictive capacity of HbA1c test than OGTT, HbA1c test might plays a complementary role in identifying high risk for diabetes especially in subjects with central obesity with increased sensitivity.

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Assessing blood sugar measures for predicting new-onset diabetes and cardiovascular disease in community-dwelling adults
Jung-Hwan Kim, Yaeji Lee, Chung-Mo Nam, Yu-Jin Kwon, Ji-Won Lee
Endocrine.2024; 86(2): 528. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide Level Is Associated with the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Sunghwan Suh, Mi Yeon Kim, Soo Kyoung Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Mi Kyoung Park, Duk Kyu Kim, Nam H. Cho, Moon-Kyu Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(1):134-141. Published online March 16, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.1.134

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Background

Incretin hormone levels as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus have not been fully investigated. Therefore, we measured incretin hormone levels to examine the relationship between circulating incretin hormones, diabetes, and future diabetes development in this study.

Methods

A nested case-control study was conducted in a Korean cohort. The study included the following two groups: the control group (n=149), the incident diabetes group (n=65). Fasting total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and total glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) levels were measured and compared between these groups.

Results

Fasting total GIP levels were higher in the incident diabetes group than in the control group (32.64±22.68 pmol/L vs. 25.54±18.37 pmol/L, P=0.034). There was no statistically significant difference in fasting total GLP-1 levels between groups (1.14±1.43 pmol/L vs. 1.39±2.13 pmol/L, P=0.199). In multivariate analysis, fasting total GIP levels were associated with an increased risk of diabetes (odds ratio, 1.005; P=0.012) independent of other risk factors.

Conclusion

Fasting total GIP levels may be a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This association persisted even after adjusting for other metabolic parameters such as elevated fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and obesity in the pre-diabetic period.

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Mendelian randomization analyses suggest a causal role for circulating GIP and IL-1RA levels in homeostatic model assessment-derived measures of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in Africans without type 2 diabetes
Karlijn A. C. Meeks, Amy R. Bentley, Themistocles L. Assimes, Nora Franceschini, Adebowale A. Adeyemo, Charles N. Rotimi, Ayo P. Doumatey
Genome Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Glucose- and Bile Acid-Stimulated Secretion of Gut Hormones in the Isolated Perfused Intestine Is Not Impaired in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Jenna E. Hunt, Jens J. Holst, Sara L. Jepsen
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Combined treatment with a gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor antagonist and a peptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor improves metabolic abnormalities in diabetic mice
Fei Yang, Shan Dang, Hongjun LV, Bingyin Shi
Journal of International Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Elevated levels of fasting serum GIP may be protective factors for diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
LingHong Huang, JingXiong Zhou, Bo Liang, HuiBin Huang, LiangYi Li
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries.2021; 41(4): 543. CrossRef
Enteroendocrine K and L cells in healthy and type 2 diabetic individuals
Tina Jorsal, Nicolai A. Rhee, Jens Pedersen, Camilla D. Wahlgren, Brynjulf Mortensen, Sara L. Jepsen, Jacob Jelsing, Louise S. Dalbøge, Peter Vilmann, Hazem Hassan, Jakob W. Hendel, Steen S. Poulsen, Jens J. Holst, Tina Vilsbøll, Filip K. Knop
Diabetologia.2018; 61(2): 284. CrossRef
Articles inEndocrinology and Metabolismin 2016
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(1): 62. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Recovery of Adrenal Function in Patients with Glucocorticoids Induced Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency: Jong Ha Baek, Soo Kyoung Kim, Jung Hwa Jung, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Jaehoon Jung; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(1):153-160. Published online March 16, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.1.153

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Background

The chronic use of glucocorticoids (GC) suppresses function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and often results in secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI). The present study aimed to determine the recovery rate of adrenal function in patients with secondary AI within 1 to 2 years and to assess the factors predictive of adrenal function recovery.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study that enrolled patients diagnosed with GC-induced secondary AI between 2007 and 2013. AI was defined by peak serum cortisol levels <18 µg/dL during a standard-dose short synacthen test (SST). A follow-up SST was performed after 1 to 2 years, and responders were defined as those with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulated peak serum cortisol levels ≥18 µg/dL.

Results

Of the total 34 patients diagnosed with GC-induced secondary AI at first, 20 patients (58.8%) recovered normal adrenal function by the time of the follow-up SST (median follow-up period, 16.5 months). Although the baseline serum ACTH and cortisol levels at the first SST did not differ between responders and non-responders, the incremental cortisol response during the first SST was higher in responders than that of non-responders (7.88 vs. 3.56, P<0.01). Additionally, higher cortisol increments during the first SST were an independent predictive factor of the adrenal function recovery (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 2.46; P<0.05).

Conclusion

In the present study, adrenal function recovery was achieved frequently in patients with GC-induced secondary AI within 1 to 2 years. Additionally, an incremental cortisol response at the first SST may be an important predictive factor of adrenal function recovery.

Citations

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European Society of Endocrinology and Endocrine Society Joint Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and therapy of glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency
Felix Beuschlein, Tobias Else, Irina Bancos, Stefanie Hahner, Oksana Hamidi, Leonie van Hulsteijn, Eystein S Husebye, Niki Karavitaki, Alessandro Prete, Anand Vaidya, Christine Yedinak, Olaf M Dekkers
European Journal of Endocrinology.2024; 190(5): G25. CrossRef
European Society of Endocrinology and Endocrine Society Joint Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Therapy of Glucocorticoid-induced Adrenal Insufficiency
Felix Beuschlein, Tobias Else, Irina Bancos, Stefanie Hahner, Oksana Hamidi, Leonie van Hulsteijn, Eystein S Husebye, Niki Karavitaki, Alessandro Prete, Anand Vaidya, Christine Yedinak, Olaf M Dekkers
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(7): 1657. CrossRef
Safely Withdrawing Glucocorticoid Therapy: A Case-Based Approach
Mohammed Alenazi, Khaled Aldahmani, Syed Ali Imran
Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice.2024; 07(03): 129. CrossRef
Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency: Recent Updates and New Directions for Diagnosis and Management
Lucinda M. Gruber, Irina Bancos
Endocrine Practice.2022; 28(1): 110. CrossRef
Oral corticosteroid elimination via a personalised reduction algorithm in adults with severe, eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (PONENTE): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm study
Andrew Menzies-Gow, Mark Gurnell, Liam G Heaney, Jonathan Corren, Elisabeth H Bel, Jorge Maspero, Timothy Harrison, David J Jackson, David Price, Njira Lugogo, James Kreindler, Annie Burden, Alex de Giorgio-Miller, Kelly Padilla, Ubaldo J Martin, Esther G
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.2022; 10(1): 47. CrossRef
Development and Resolution of Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency after an Intra-Articular Steroid Injection
Jia Wei Tan, Sachin K. Majumdar, Osamu Isozaki
Case Reports in Endocrinology.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Long‐term corticosteroid use, adrenal insufficiency and the need for steroid‐sparing treatment in adult severe asthma
M. Gurnell, L. G. Heaney, D. Price, A. Menzies‐Gow
Journal of Internal Medicine.2021; 290(2): 240. CrossRef
Glucocorticoid Withdrawal—An Overview on When and How to Diagnose Adrenal Insufficiency in Clinical Practice
Katarzyna Pelewicz, Piotr Miśkiewicz
Diagnostics.2021; 11(4): 728. CrossRef
Morning Serum Cortisol as a Predictor for the HPA Axis Recovery in Cushing’s Disease
Q. Cui, D. Liu, B. Xiang, Q. Sun, L. Fan, M. He, Y. Wang, X. Zhu, H. Ye, Giorgio Borretta
International Journal of Endocrinology.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Dexamethasone-related adrenal insufficiency in patients with brain and skull base tumours
H. Benghiat, P. Sanghera, D. Stange, P. Nightingale, A. Hartley, M.W O’Reilly, N. Nundall, H. Currie, M. Ali, G. Cruickshank, D. Spooner, A. Toogood
Supportive Care in Cancer.2018; 26(12): 4031. CrossRef
Articles inEndocrinology and Metabolismin 2016
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(1): 62. CrossRef
The unresolved riddle of glucocorticoid withdrawal
F. Guerrero Pérez, A. P. Marengo, C. Villabona Artero
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2017; 40(11): 1175. CrossRef
Lessons from iatrogenic Cushing syndrome in children
Betty P Messazos, Margaret R Zacharin
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health.2016; 52(12): 1106. CrossRef

Thyroid
Delayed Surgery for Parathyroid Adenoma Misdiagnosed as a Thyroid Nodule and Treated with Radiofrequency Ablation: Ho-Su Kim, Bong Hoi Choi, Jung Rang Park, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Jung Hwa Jung, Soo Kyoung Kim, Sungsu Kim, Kyong-Young Kim, Soon Il Chung, Tae Sik Jung; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(3):231-235. Published online September 13, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.3.231

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Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs as a result of isolated parathyroid adenoma in 80% to 85% of all cases. A ^99mtechnetium (^99mTc) sestamibi scan or neck ultrasonography is used to localize the neoplasm prior to surgical intervention. A 53-year-old female was referred for the exclusion of metabolic bone disease. She presented with low back pain that had persisted for the past 6 months and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (1,253 IU/L). Four years previously, she had been diagnosed at a local hospital with a 2.3-cm thyroid nodule, which was determined to be pathologically benign. Radiofrequency ablation was performed at the same hospital because the nodule was still growing during the follow-up period 2 years before the visit to our hospital, and the procedure was unsuccessful in reducing the size of the nodule. The results of the laboratory tests in our hospital were as follows: serum calcium, 14.6 mg/dL; phosphorus, 3.5 mg/dL; and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 1,911 pg/mL. Neck ultrasonography and ^99mTc sestamibi scan detected a 5-cm parathyroid neoplasm in the left lower lobe of the patient's thyroid; left parathyroidectomy was performed. This case indicated that thyroid ultrasonographers and pathologists need to be experienced enough to differentiate a parathyroid neoplasm from a thyroid nodule; ^99mTc sestamibi scan, serum calcium, and iPTH levels can help to establish the diagnosis of parathyroid neoplasm.

Citations

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Complications after radiofrequency ablation of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease
Li-Ping Lin, Miao Lin, Song-Song Wu, Wei-hua Liu, Li Zhang, Yi-ping Ruan, Mei-zhu Gao, Fu-Yuan Hong
Renal Failure.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors influencing cure of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for primary hyperparathyroidism
Fangyi Liu, Li Zang, Yang Liu, Xiaoling Yu, Zhigang Cheng, Zhiyu Han, Jie Yu, Ping Liang
International Journal of Hyperthermia.2022; 39(1): 258. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation versus parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients: a single-center retrospective study
Mian Ren, Danna Zheng, Juan Wu, Yueming Liu, Chengzhong Peng, Wei Shen, Bo Lin
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Radiofrequency Ablation of Parathyroid Adenoma: A Novel Treatment Option for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Iram Hussain, Shahzad Ahmad, Jules Aljammal
AACE Clinical Case Reports.2021; 7(3): 195. CrossRef
Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Parathyroid Hyperplasia: Single Session vs. Two-Session for Effect on Hypocalcemia
Zeng Zeng, Cheng-Zhong Peng, Ji-Bin Liu, Yi-Wen Li, Hong-Feng He, Qiao-Hong Hu, Bo Lin, Xiao-Gang Shen
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of microwave ablation for ectopic secondary hyperparathyroidism: a feasibility study
Xin Li, Ying Wei, Hongzeng Shao, Lili Peng, Chao An, Ming-An Yu
International Journal of Hyperthermia.2019; 36(1): 646. CrossRef
US-guided Microwave Ablation of Hyperplastic Parathyroid Glands: Safety and Efficacy in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease—A Pilot Study
Li Zhuo, Li-li Peng, Yu-mei Zhang, Zhi-hong Xu, Gu-ming Zou, Xin Wang, Wen-ge Li, Ming-de Lu, Ming-an Yu
Radiology.2017; 282(2): 576. CrossRef
Safety and efficiency of microwave ablation for recurrent and persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy: A retrospective pilot study
Ming-An Yu, Li Yao, Ling Zhang, Lili Peng, Li Zhuo, Yumei Zhang, Wenge Li, Ming-De Lv
International Journal of Hyperthermia.2016; 32(2): 180. CrossRef
A nonfunctioning parathyroid carcinoma misdiagnosed as a follicular thyroid nodule
Filomena Cetani, Gianluca Frustaci, Liborio Torregrossa, Silvia Magno, Fulvio Basolo, Alberto Campomori, Paolo Miccoli, Claudio Marcocci
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Brief Review of Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2013
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(3): 251. CrossRef

Differential Diagnostic Value of Total T3/Free T4 Ratio in Graves' Disease and Painless Thyroiditis Presenting Thyrotoxicosis.: Sang Min Lee, Soo Kyoung Kim, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Jung Hwa Jung, Ho Su Kim, Sungsu Kim, Soon Il Chung, Bong Hoi Choi, Tae Sik Jung; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(2):121-125. Published online June 20, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.2.121

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BACKGROUND
It is important to differentiate Graves' disease from that of painless thyroiditis in patients with thyrotoxicosis. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of total T3 to free T4 ratio in making a differential diagnosis between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of thyrotoxic patients, who had been diagnosed with Graves' disease or painless thyroiditis, from October 2009 to July 2011. We assessed clinical characteristics, serum levels of total T3, free T4, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin, and findings of 99mTechnetium thyroid scan. We analyzed the total T3/free T4 ratios between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis patients. RESULTS: A total of 76 untreated thyrotoxic patients "49 Graves' disease and 27 painless thyroiditis" were examined. The total T3, free T4 levels and the total T3/free T4 ratios were significantly higher in patients with Graves' disease than in those with painless thyroiditis (P < 0.001). In the total T3/free T4 ratio > 73, the possibility of Graves' disease was significantly higher than in painless thyroiditis (sensitivity, 75.5%; specificity, 70.3%). The sensitivity and specificity of the total T3/free T4 ratio in patients with free T4 < 3.6 ng/dL have been increased (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 71.4%). CONCLUSION: The total T3/free T4 ratios was useful for making a differential diagnosis between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of 99mTc Pertechnetate Thyroid Uptake Rates by Gamma Probe and Gamma Camera Methods for Differentiating Graves’ Disease and Thyroiditis
Meihua Jin, Jonghwa Ahn, Seong-gil Jo, Jangwon Park, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Jin-Sook Ryu
Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2022; 56(1): 42. CrossRef
Interpretation of puzzling thyroid function tests
Jee Hee Yoon, Ho-Cheol Kang
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2018; 61(4): 241. CrossRef
The High Proportion of Painless Thyroiditis as a Cause of Thyrotoxicosis in Korea
Sang Il Mo, A Jeong Ryu, Yeo Joo Kim, Sang Jin Kim
Journal of Korean Thyroid Association.2015; 8(1): 61. CrossRef

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Hyperglycemic Emergency State Accompanying Rhabdomyolysis.: Soo Kyoung Kim, Jong Ha Baek, Kyeong Ju Lee, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Jung Hwa Jung, Hee Jin Kim, Ho Su Kim, Sungsu Kim, Soon Il Chung, Tae Sik Jung; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(4):317-323. Published online December 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.4.317

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BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of rhabdomyolysis and its association with both clinical course and prognosis and to evaluate the factors associated with rhabdomyolysis in patients with hyperglycemic emergencies. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients with hyperglycemic emergencies who visited our hospital from May 2003 to April 2010. We assessed the clinical characteristics, biochemical profiles and clinical course of patients and analyzed these data according to the presence of rhabdomyolysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of rhabdomyolysis was 29 patients (28.4%) among 102 patients. Mean serum osmolarity, glucose and serum creatinine levels were higher in patients with rhabdomyolysis than those without rhabdomyolysis. Patients with rhabdomyolysis had higher rates of hemodialysis and mortality than those without the condition. The factors associated with rhabdomyolysis in the hyperglycemic emergency state were increased serum osmolarity and APACHE II score on admission (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Rhabdomyolysis commonly occurred in patients with hyperglycemic emergencies and this could aggravate their clinical course and increase mortality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Acute diabetes complications
Salvatore Piro, Francesco Purrello
Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2021; 69(4): 269. CrossRef
The Authors Reply: Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Elderly Patients With Hyperglycemic Emergency State at a Single Institution
Yong Jung Cho
Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2017; 21(1): 38. CrossRef
Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Elderly Patients With Hyperglycemic Emergency State at a Single Institution
Yun Jae Shin, Dae In Kim, Dong Won Lee, Beung Kwan Jeon, Jung Geun Ji, Jung Ah Lim, Young Jung Cho, Hong Woo Nam
Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2016; 20(4): 185. CrossRef

Sustained Maintenance of Normal Insulin-like Growth Factor-I during Pregnancy and Successful Delivery in an Acromegalic Patient with Octreotide-LAR(R) Treatment.: Soo Kyoung Kim, Jung Hwa Jung, Jae Hyeon Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Alice Hyun Tan, Hee Kyung Kim, Ji In Lee, Hye Soo Chung, Kwang Won Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):213-216. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.213

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Abstract PDF: We report here on a 34-year-old Korean woman with active acromegaly and who received Octreotide-LAR(R) for 12 months following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. During Octreotide-LAR(R) treatment, the clinical improvement was paralleled with the decrease of the growth hormone levels to 1.1 ng/mL and the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels to 345.5 ng/mL. Octreotide-LAR(R) was discontinued when the patient was found to be at the 12th week of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the patient experienced clinical well-being and she maintained her IGF-I levels within the normal range for her age-matched despite discontinuation of Octreotide-LAR(R) treatment at early gestation. She delivered a full-term healthy male infant. The serum IGF-I levels of the patient increased progressively increased after delivery. This report describes a successful pregnancy in an acromegalic woman who was exposed to Octreotide-LAR(R) during the early gestational period. She and who showed an unexpected pattern of persistently normal IGF-I levels through the pregnancy despite discontinuation of Octreotide-LAR(R) therapy.

The Case of Accelerated Linear Growth Despite Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Deficiency.: Kyeong Ju Lee, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Tae Sik Jung, Jung Hwa Jung, Soo Kyoung Kim, Jong Ha Baek, Won Hyun Lee, Han wook Yoo, Soon Il Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(3):206-211. Published online September 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.3.206

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Abstract PDF: Here we describe a male patient who attained normal height despite combined hypopituitarism with an abnormal growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis. When he was an 18-year-old, he presented with a short stature and underdeveloped external genitalia. The patient had not undergone normal pubertal development and he displayed a height below the fifth percentile. Hormonal and radiological studies revealed the findings of severe anterior pituitary hormone deficiency and an atrophic pituitary gland. There had been no recent follow-ups with the patient or medical treatment since that time. In the current presentation, the patient, now 22 years of age, had attained normal height, yet he remained prepubertal and showed manifestations of delayed bone age and combined hypopituitarism. In addition, the patient's IGF-II levels were increased for his age.

A Case of Central Diabetes Insipitus Combined with Septo-Optic Dysplasia and Schizencephaly in 31-year-old Woman.: Soo Kyoung Kim, Tae Sik Jung, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Sang Min Lee, Sung Won Moon, Kyeong Ju Lee, Soon Il Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(5):339-343. Published online October 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.5.339

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A 31-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for evaluation and management of poorly controlled epilepsy. The patient had been taking anti-epileptic drugs for six years. An MRI imaging study showed septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) and schizencephaly. SOD is a syndrome characterized by agenesis of the septum pellucidum or corpus callosum, optic nerve dysplasia and congenital hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency. The patient was referred to the endocrine clinic for exclusion of any pituitary hormonal deficiencies. In a systemic review, the patient complained of polydipsia and polyuria for 20 years. In laboratory tests, measurements showed a serum osmolarity of 281 mOsm/kg, a serum sodium concentration of 144.7 mmol/L, a spot urine osmolarity of 183 mOsm/kg and a spot urine sodium concentration of 32 mmol/L. The patient underwent a water deprivation test, and was diagnosed with central diabetes insipidus. We report a case of central diabetes insipitus combined with SOD, schizencephaly and epilepsy.

Citations

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A Case of Septo-Optic Dysplasia Resulting in Central Diabetes Insipidus and Nonobstructive Bilateral Hydronephrosis
Jong Hyun Kim, Kwang Bok Lee, Jeonghun Lee, Soo Min Nam, Kang-Woo Lee, Eu Gene Hwang, Geon Gil
Korean Journal of Medicine.2014; 87(2): 209. CrossRef
A Case of Septo-optic Dysplasia Associated with Anterior Pituitary Hormone Abnormalities
Jin-Woo Lee, Eui-Kyung Hwang, Tae-Ho Kim, Hyung-Young Yoon, Jae Ho Jung, Yong Won Choi, Suk-Woo Yong, Jae-Hong Ahn, Sun-Yong Kim, Ho Sung Kim, Yoon-Sok Chung
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2009; 24(1): 33. CrossRef

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