- Thyroid
Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
- Unveiling Risk Factors for Treatment Failure in Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea
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Jung A Kim, Kyeong Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Kyoung Jin Kim, Eyun Song, Ji Hee Yu, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Sin Gon Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(1):125-134. Published online January 13, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2093
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- Background
Antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment is the preferred initial treatment for Graves’ disease (GD) in South Korea, despite higher treatment failure rates than radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy or thyroidectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of treatment failure associated with the primary modalities for GD treatment in real-world practice.
Methods We included 452,001 patients diagnosed with GD between 2004 and 2020 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database. Treatment failure was defined as switching from ATD, RAI, or thyroidectomy treatments, and for ATD specifically, inability to discontinue medication for over 2 years.
Results Mean age was 46.2 years, with females constituting 70.8%. Initial treatments for GD included ATDs (98.0%), thyroidectomy (1.3%), and RAI (0.7%), with a noted increment in ATD application from 96.2% in 2004 to 98.8% in 2020. During a median follow- up of 8.5 years, the treatment failure rates were 58.5% for ATDs, 21.3% for RAI, and 2.1% for thyroidectomy. Multivariate analysis indicated that the hazard ratio for treatment failure with ATD was 2.81 times higher than RAI. RAI treatments ≥10 mCi had 37% lower failure rates than doses <10 mCi.
Conclusion ATDs are the most commonly used for GD in South Korea, followed by thyroidectomy and RAI. Although the risk of treatment failure for ATD is higher than that of RAI therapy, initial RAI treatment in South Korea is relatively limited compared to that in Western countries. Further studies are required to evaluate the cause of low initial RAI treatment rates in South Korea.
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- Treatment of Graves’ Disease: Faster Remission or Longer but Safe, That Is the Question
Chan-Hee Jung Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(1): 70. CrossRef
- Thyroid
- Treatment Patterns and Preferences for Graves’ Disease in Korea: Insights from a Nationwide Cohort Study
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Kyeong Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Soo Myoung Shin, Jung A Kim, Kyoung Jin Kim, Sin Gon Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(4):659-663. Published online August 5, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2042
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- Treatment patterns and preferences for patients with Graves’ disease (GD) vary across countries. In this study, we assessed the initial therapies and subsequent treatment modalities employed for GD in real-world clinical practice in Korea. We analyzed 452,001 patients with GD from 2004 to 2020, obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Initial treatments included antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy (98% of cases), thyroidectomy (1.3%), and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy (0.7%). The rates of initial treatment failure were 58.5% for ATDs, 21.3% for RAI, and 2.1% for thyroidectomy. Even among cases of ATD treatment failure or recurrence, the rates of RAI therapy remained low. Regarding initial treatment, the 5-year remission rate was 46.8% among patients administered ATDs versus 91.0% among recipients of RAI therapy; at 10 years, these rates were 59.2% and 94.0%, respectively. Our findings highlight a marked disparity in the use of RAI therapy in Korea compared to Western countries. Further research is required to understand the reasons for these differences in treatment patterns.
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Citations
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- 2025 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Patients with Hyperthyroidism
Kyeong Jin Kim, Eyun Song, Mijin Kim, Hyemi Kwon, Eu Jeong Ku, Hyun Woo Kwon, Jee Hee Yoon, Eun Kyung Lee, Won Woo Lee, Young Joo Park, Dong-Jun Lim, Sun Wook Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Jae Hoon Chung, Tae Yong Kim, Sin Gon Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Jee Soo Kim International Journal of Thyroidology.2025; 18(1): 65. CrossRef
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Sleep Duration and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Community-Based Cohort Study with a 16-Year Follow-up
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Da Young Lee, Inha Jung, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Kyeong Jin Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Seung Ku Lee, Chol Shin, Nan Hee Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):146-155. Published online February 6, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1582
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We aimed to investigate the moderating effects of obesity, age, and sex on the association between sleep duration and the development of diabetes in Asians.
Methods We analyzed data from a cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study conducted from 2001 to 2020. After excluding shift workers and those with diabetes at baseline, 7,407 participants were stratified into three groups according to sleep duration: ≤5 hours/night, >5 to 7 hours/night (reference), and >7 hours/night. The Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subgroup analyses were performed according to obesity, age, and sex.
Results During 16 years of follow-up, 2,024 cases of T2DM were identified. Individuals who slept ≤5 h/night had a higher risk of incident diabetes than the reference group (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.33). The subgroup analysis observed a valid interaction with sleep duration only for obesity. A higher risk of T2DM was observed in the ≤5 hours/night group in non-obese individuals, men, and those aged <60 years, and in the >7 hours/night group in obese individuals (HRs were 1.34 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.61], 1.22 [95% CI, 1 to 1.49], and 1.18 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.39], respectively).
Conclusion This study confirmed the effect of sleep deprivation on the risk of T2DM throughout the 16-year follow-up period. This impact was confined to non-obese or young individuals and men. We observed a significant interaction between sleep duration and obesity.
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Citations
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- Sleep features and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hongyi Liu, Hui Zhu, Qinkang Lu, Wen Ye, Tao Huang, Yuqiong Li, Bingqi Li, Yingxin Wu, Penghao Wang, Tao Chen, Jin Xu, Lindan Ji Annals of Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - The potential impact of habitual sleep quality on glycaemic control and inflammation: A study on geriatric patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Nadia Hussain, Amal Hussain Ibrahim Al Haddad, Saima Abbass, Zina Alfahl Sleep Medicine: X.2025; 9: 100139. CrossRef - The link between sleep duration and stroke risk
Yu Cheng, Yuchuan Ding, Ahmed Elmadhoun, Xunming Ji, Xiaokun Geng Brain Circulation.2025; 11(1): 1. CrossRef - Association between obstructive sleep apnea risk and atherosclerosis: A nationwide cross-sectional study in the Korean population
Il Rae Park, Yong Geun Chung, Seung Min Chung, Jun Sung Moon, Ji Sung Yoon, Kyu Chang Won, Qian Wu PLOS One.2025; 20(5): e0322897. CrossRef - Attention to Innate Circadian Rhythm and the Impact of Its Disruption on Diabetes
Da Young Lee, Inha Jung, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Kyeong Jin Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Nan Hee Kim Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(1): 37. CrossRef - Role of Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Cardiometabolic Risk: a Review and Update
Shaden O. Qasrawi, Ahmed S. BaHammam Current Sleep Medicine Reports.2024; 10(1): 34. CrossRef - Evaluating reliability in wearable devices for sleep staging
Vera Birrer, Mohamed Elgendi, Olivier Lambercy, Carlo Menon npj Digital Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Replication Study of Genome Wide Association Study of Sleep Duration in Korean Association Resources Cohort
Seok-Ho Cho, Seon-Ah Kim, Hyun-Seok Jin, Hong Sung Kim Biomedical Science Letters.2024; 30(2): 86. CrossRef - Insights into optimal BMI from the GlasVEGAS study
Chun-Kwan O, Juliana C. N. Chan Nature Metabolism.2024; 6(8): 1435. CrossRef - Mechanisms, consequences and role of interventions for sleep deprivation: Focus on mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease in elderly
Upasana Mukherjee, Ujala Sehar, Malcolm Brownell, P. Hemachandra Reddy Ageing Research Reviews.2024; 100: 102457. CrossRef - The Relationship Between the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Insomnia Severity and Sleep Duration in Academicians
Tuğba Bilgehan, Esra Çalık Var Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi.2024; 6(3): 203. CrossRef - All That Glitters Is Not Gold: The Same Sleep Time, but Different Diabetogenic Outcomes
Bohye Kim, Obin Kwon Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 78. CrossRef - The Link Between Sleeping and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Ali Darraj Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- How Can We Adopt the Glucose Tolerance Test to Facilitate Predicting Pregnancy Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?
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Kyeong Jin Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Jimi Choi, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Ju Lee
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):988-996. Published online October 15, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1107
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- Background
We investigated how 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results can be used to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients.
Methods We analyzed 1,059 pregnant women who completed the 100-g OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. We compared the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes according to OGTT patterns by latent profile analysis (LPA), numbers to meet the OGTT criteria, and area under the curve (AUC) of the OGTT graph. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were defined as a composite of preterm birth, macrosomia, large for gestational age, low APGAR score at 1 minute, and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Results Overall, 257 participants were diagnosed with GDM, with a median age of 34 years. An LPA led to three different clusters of OGTT patterns; however, there were no significant associations between the clusters and adverse pregnancy outcomes after adjusting for confounders. Notwithstanding, the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome increased with an increase in number to meet the OGTT criteria (P for trend=0.011); odds ratios in a full adjustment model were 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 2.23), 2.16 (95% CI, 1.21 to 3.85), and 2.32 (95% CI, 0.66 to 8.15) in those meeting the 2, 3, and 4 criteria, respectively. The AUCs of the OGTT curves also distinguished the patients at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes; the larger the AUC, the higher the risk (P for trend=0.007).
Conclusion The total number of abnormal values and calculated AUCs for the 100-g OGTT may facilitate tailored management of patients with GDM by predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Citations
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- Association between area under the curve of oral glucose tolerance test and the risk of preterm birth among women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a mediation effect of gestational weight gain
Jing Liu, Huibin Li, Xue Wang, Beibei Liu, Dan He, Gang Zhang, Yan Gao BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Association between the glucose pattern in oral glucose tolerance test and adverse pregnancy outcomes among non-diabetic women
Fangping Zhou, Binbin Yin, Ya Xi, Jinghua Zhang, Yongying Bai Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Risk factors combine in a complex manner in assessment for macrosomia
Yi-Wen Wang, Yan Chen, Yong-Jun Zhang BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of the Severity of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy with Birthweight, Childhood Obesity, and Blood Pressure at Age 7
Yan Chen, Yiwen Wang, Yanjun Li, Guodong Ding, Yongjun Zhang Nutrients.2023; 15(14): 3104. CrossRef
- Miscellaneous
- The Status and Distinct Characteristics of Endocrine Diseases in North Korean Articles Published between 2006 and 2015
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Kyeong Jin Kim, Shin Ha, Yo Han Lee, Jung Hyun Noh, Sin Gon Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(2):268-272. Published online June 21, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.2.268
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Past decades of division have led to substantial differences in medical environments between South and North Korea. However, little is known about North Korea's medical status and research field, especially regarding endocrinology. In this study, we report the characteristics of North Korea's articles regarding endocrine-related diseases. MethodsAmong the nine medical journals, articles published in Internal Medicine between 2006 and 2015 were reviewed. A total of 2,092 articles were included; among them, 96 articles were associated with endocrinology. We analyzed these articles according to the disease categories they focused on and evaluated their features. ResultsArticles related to diabetes mellitus accounted for 55.2% (n=53) and those to thyroid disease accounted for 28.1% (n=27). Other disease categories, including adrenal gland (n=1), pituitary gland (n=1), and osteoporosis (n=3), comprised minor portions. Regarding diabetes mellitus, more than half the articles (n=33) focused on treatment and complications. Experimental studies were conducted with old hypoglycemic drugs or natural substances for the treatment of hyperglycemia. Regarding thyroid disease, articles related to hyperthyroidism were the most common (51.9%, n=14), followed by thyroid nodule/cancer (18.5%, n=5). Unique article features were short length, no figures, and less than five references. ConclusionNorth Korea's endocrinology articles mainly focused on diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease. Persistent studies have been carried out in North Korea with dedication despite the poor medical environment. We hope that this study will be the beginning of mutual medical exchange and collaboration between North and South Korea.
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Citations
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- Surgical Diseases in North Korea: An Overview of North Korean Medical Journals
Sejin Choi, Taehoon Kim, Soyoung Choi, Hee Young Shin International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(24): 9346. CrossRef -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Has Been Indexed in MEDLINE: A Major Achievement
Won-Young Lee Endocrinology and Metabolism.2019; 34(2): 138. CrossRef
- Effects of Vildagliptin or Pioglitazone on Glycemic Variability and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled with Metformin Monotherapy: A 16-Week, Randomised, Open Label, Pilot Study
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Nam Hoon Kim, Dong-Lim Kim, Kyeong Jin Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Sin Gon Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(2):241-247. Published online June 23, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.2.241
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Glycemic variability is associated with the development of diabetic complications through the activation of oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, or a thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, on glycemic variability and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. MethodsIn this open label, randomised, active-controlled, pilot trial, individuals who were inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy were assigned to either vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily, n=17) or pioglitazone (15 mg once daily, n=14) treatment groups for 16 weeks. Glycemic variability was assessed by calculating the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), which was obtained from continuous glucose monitoring. Urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α, serum oxidised low density lipoprotein, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were used as markers of oxidative stress or inflammation. ResultsBoth vildagliptin and pioglitazone significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin and mean plasma glucose levels during the 16-week treatment. Vildagliptin also significantly reduced the MAGE (from 93.8±38.0 to 70.8±19.2 mg/dL, P=0.046), and mean standard deviation of 24 hours glucose (from 38±17.3 to 27.7±6.9, P=0.026); however, pioglitazone did not, although the magnitude of decline was similar in both groups. Markers of oxidative stress or inflammation including urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α did not change after treatment in both groups. ConclusionIn this 16-week treatment trial, vildagliptin, but not pioglitazone, reduced glycemic variability in individuals with type 2 diabetes who was inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy, although a reduction of oxidative stress markers was not observed.
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Darshan T. Valani, Dolatsinh B. Zala, Chetan K. Kajavadara, Laxit K. Bhatt, Hiren M. Patel, Rajesh Sundar, Mukul R. Jain Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Vildagliptin Sustained-release and Dapagliflozin Fixed-dose Combination in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review
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SuA Oh, Sujata Purja, Hocheol Shin, Minji Kim, Eunyoung Kim Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Influence of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Shangyu Chai, Ruya Zhang, Ye Zhang, Richard David Carr, Yiman Zheng, Swapnil Rajpathak, Miao Yu Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Comparison of Efficacy of Glimepiride, Alogliptin, and Alogliptin-Pioglitazone as the Initial Periods of Therapy in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study
Hae Jin Kim, In Kyung Jeong, Kyu Yeon Hur, Soo-Kyung Kim, Jung Hyun Noh, Sung Wan Chun, Eun Seok Kang, Eun-Jung Rhee, Sung Hee Choi Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(5): 689. CrossRef - Effect of low dose allopurinol on glycemic control and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study
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Anne-Esther Breyton, Stéphanie Lambert-Porcheron, Martine Laville, Sophie Vinoy, Julie-Anne Nazare Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Efficacy and safety profile of sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects
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