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Jung Hee Kim  (Kim JH) 56 Articles
Mineral, bone & muscle
Comparison of the Effectiveness and Hypocalcemia Risk of Antiresorptive Agents in Patients with Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
Sung Hye Kong, Seung Shin Park, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, Chan Soo Shin
Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(2):289-298.   Published online February 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2132
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  • 54 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM), a major metabolic complication of cancer, is often managed with bisphosphonates (BP) and, increasingly, with denosumab. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of denosumab with that of BP, with or without calcitonin, in treating HCM.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital from 2017 to 2022 and included 317 patients treated for HCM. Participants were divided into three treatment groups: denosumab, intravenous (IV) BP only, and IV BP combined with calcitonin. The primary outcomes measured were changes in calcium levels and the incidence of hypocalcemia. Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for age, sex, body mass index, creatinine level, type of malignancy, and the use of furosemide and steroids.
Results
The mean participant age was 65 years, and 37.5% were female. After adjustment, both denosumab and IV BPs were found to effectively lower calcium levels. Denosumab led to a decrease of 2.0 mg/dL (−15.9%), while IV BP alone resulted in a reduction of 1.8 mg/dL (−13.9%). The largest reduction, of 2.7 mg/dL (−20.9%), occurred with IV BP and calcitonin. Both denosumab and IV BP+calcitonin yielded their lowest calcium levels within 48 hours, whereas the IV BP only group reached a nadir within 72 hours. Despite these differences in treatment effectiveness, hypocalcemia occurred significantly less frequently in the denosumab group compared to the other groups.
Conclusion
Denosumab and IV BP were similarly effective in reducing calcium levels. However, IV BP combined with calcitonin yielded a more rapid and pronounced decrease.
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Mineral, Bone & Muscle
Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Elevated Fracture Risks in Patients Using Inhaled Corticosteroids: A Korean Nationwide Study
Sung Hye Kong, Ae Jeong Jo, Chan Mi Park, Kyun Ik Park, Ji Eun Yun, Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(1):82-92.   Published online August 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1990
  • 1,691 View
  • 76 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
In this comprehensive retrospective nationwide cohort study, we examined the relationships between various asthma medications and bone health, utilizing data from the National Health Insurance Service database of South Korea.
Methods
From 2015 to 2019, the relevant dataset included 168,611 individuals aged 66 years, among whom 8,747 were diagnosed with asthma. We focused on a subset of 6,173 patients, all 66-year-old women. Participants were categorized into four groups: nonusers of asthma medication (n=2,868), leukotriene antagonist users (n=2,281), inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) users (n=517), and those using a combination of ICS and long-acting beta-agonist (ICS+LABA) medication (n=507). The primary outcomes measured were the incidences of major osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures during the follow-up period.
Results
Over 2.7 years of follow-up, 615 cases of major osteoporotic fractures and 96 cases of hip fractures were recorded. ICS users exhibited a heightened risk of both injuries, with hazard ratios of 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.63; P<0.001) for major osteoporotic fractures and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.33 to 1.83; P<0.001) for hip fractures. Similarly elevated risks were observed in the ICS+LABA group. Notably, the risk associated with ICS was particularly pronounced among patients with osteopenia for both fracture types. Overall, the use of ICS, alone or in combination with LABA, in patients with asthma is associated with significantly increased risks of osteoporotic fractures, especially among those with osteopenia.
Conclusion
These findings underscore the importance of considering bone health when managing asthma, especially in older patients and those with existing bone density issues.
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Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Reframing the Paradigm: A Nuanced Approach to Prolactinoma Management
Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(6):850-852.   Published online November 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2098
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  • 91 Download
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Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Genetic Landscape and Clinical Manifestations of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 in a Korean Cohort: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis
Boram Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Chang Ho Ahn, Han Na Jang, Sung Im Cho, Jee-Soo Lee, Yu-Mi Lee, Su-Jin Kim, Tae-Yon Sung, Kyu Eun Lee, Woochang Lee, Jung-Min Koh, Moon-Woo Seong, Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(6):956-964.   Published online November 18, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2008
  • 1,495 View
  • 61 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by tumors in multiple endocrine organs, caused by variants in the MEN1 gene. This study analyzed the clinical and genetic features of MEN1 in a Korean cohort, identifying prevalent manifestations and genetic variants, including novel variants.
Methods
This multicenter retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 117 MEN1 patients treated at three tertiary centers in Korea between January 2012 and September 2022. Patient demographics, tumor manifestations, outcomes, and MEN1 genetic testing results were collected. Variants were classified using American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and French Oncogenetics Network of Neuroendocrine Tumors propositions (TENGEN) guidelines.
Results
A total of 117 patients were enrolled, including 55 familial cases, with a mean age at diagnosis of 37.4±15.3 years. Primary hyperparathyroidism was identified as the most common presentation (84.6%). The prevalence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) was 77.8% (n=91) and 56.4% (n=66), respectively. Genetic testing revealed 61 distinct MEN1 variants in 101 patients, with 18 being novel. Four variants were reclassified according to the TENGEN guidelines. Patients with truncating variants (n=72) exhibited a higher prevalence of PitNETs compared to those with non-truncating variants (n=25) (59.7% vs. 36.0%, P=0.040).
Conclusion
The association between truncating variants and an increased prevalence of PitNETs in MEN1 underscores the importance of genetic characterization in guiding the clinical management of this disease. Our study sheds light on the clinical and genetic characteristics of MEN1 among the Korean population.
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Adrenal gland
The Modified S-GRAS Scoring System for Prognosis in Korean with Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Sun Kyung Baek, Seung Hun Lee, Seung Shin Park, Chang Ho Ahn, Sung Hye Kong, Won Woong Kim, Yu-Mi Lee, Su Jin Kim, Dong Eun Song, Tae-Yon Sung, Kyu Eun Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jung-Min Koh
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(5):803-812.   Published online September 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2086
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  • 71 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are rare tumors with aggressive but varied prognosis. Stage, Grade, Resection status, Age, Symptoms (S-GRAS) score, based on clinical and pathological factors, was found to best stratify the prognosis of European ACC patients. This study assessed the prognostic performance of modified S-GRAS (mS-GRAS) scores including modified grade (mG) by integrating mitotic counts into the Ki67 index (original grade), in Korean ACC patients.
Methods
Patients who underwent surgery for ACC between January 1996 and December 2022 at three medical centers in Korea were retrospectively analyzed. mS-GRAS scores were calculated based on tumor stage, mG (Ki67 index or mitotic counts), resection status, age, and symptoms. Patients were divided into four groups (0–1, 2–3, 4–5, and 6–9 points) based on total mS-GRAS score. The associations of each variable and mS-GRAS score with recurrence and survival were evaluated using Cox regression analysis, Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), and the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results
Data on mS-GRAS components were available for 114 of the 153 patients who underwent surgery for ACC. These 114 patients had recurrence and death rates of 61.4% and 48.2%, respectively. mS-GRAS score was a significantly better predictor of recurrence (C-index=0.829) and death (C-index=0.747) than each component (P<0.05), except for resection status. mS-GRAS scores correlated with shorter progression-free survival (P=8.34E-24) and overall survival (P=2.72E-13).
Conclusion
mS-GRAS scores showed better prognostic performance than tumor stage and grade in Asian patients who underwent surgery for ACC.
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Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening and Effects of Surgery in Acromegaly: A Prospective Study
Jaeyoung Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Yong Hwy Kim, Jinwoo Lee
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(4):641-652.   Published online June 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1933
  • 2,413 View
  • 74 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
To identify a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and evaluate the effects of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery on improving OSA in patients with acromegaly.
Methods
We prospectively enrolled adults with acromegaly scheduled for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. All measurements were conducted when participants were admitted for a baseline work-up for acromegaly before surgery and surveillance approximately 3 to 6 months after surgery. Respiratory event index (REI) was used as a surrogate for apnea-hypopnea index (Trial Registration: NCT03526016).
Results
Of the 35 patients with acromegaly (median age, 47 years; 40% men; median body mass index, 24.4 kg/m2), 24 (68.6%) had OSA (REI ≥5/hour), 15 (42.9%) had moderate-to-severe OSA (REI ≥15/hour). At baseline, serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were positively correlated with the REI (ρ=0.53, P=0.001). The sensitivity and negative predictive value of a Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, high blood Pressure-Body mass index, age, Neck circumference, and Gender (STOP-Bang) score ≥ 3 were 93.3% and 87.5%, respectively, detecting moderate-to-severe OSA. Biochemical acromegaly remission was achieved in 32 (91.4%) patients. The median difference in the REI was –9.5/hour (95% confidence interval, –13.3 to –5.3). Half of the 24 patients diagnosed with OSA preoperatively had REI <5/hour postoperatively. In a linear mixed-effects model, changes in the REI across surgery were related to changes in IGF-1 levels.
Conclusion
The STOP-Bang questionnaire is a reliable tool for OSA among patients with acromegaly. Improvement in OSA severity after surgery is related to decreased IGF-1 levels.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Long-Term Prognosis and Systemic Impact of Acromegaly: Analyses Utilizing Korean National Health Insurance Data
    Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • How Different Treatments for Acromegaly Modulate Sleep Quality: A Psychometric Study
    Gaspare Alfì, Danilo Menicucci, Dalì Antonia Ciampa, Vito Di Giura, Giulia Marconcini, Claudio Urbani, Fausto Bogazzi, Angelo Gemignani
    Endocrines.2024; 5(3): 408.     CrossRef
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Mineral, Bone & Muscle
Protein Signatures of Parathyroid Adenoma according to Tumor Volume and Functionality
Sung Hye Kong, Jeong Mo Bae, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Dohyun Han, Chan Soo Shin
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):375-386.   Published online March 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1827
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  • 68 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Parathyroid adenoma (PA) is a common endocrine disease linked to multiple complications, but the pathophysiology of the disease remains incompletely understood. The study aimed to identify the key regulator proteins and pathways of PA according to functionality and volume through quantitative proteomic analyses.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of 15 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded PA samples from tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Proteins were extracted, digested, and the resulting peptides were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to identify proteins significantly correlated with clinical variables. Canonical pathways and transcription factors were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.
Results
The median age of the participants was 52 years, and 60.0% were female. Among the 8,153 protein groups analyzed, 496 showed significant positive correlations with adenoma volume, while 431 proteins were significantly correlated with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The proteins SLC12A9, LGALS3, and CARM1 were positively correlated with adenoma volume, while HSP90AB2P, HLA-DRA, and SCD5 showed negative correlations. DCPS, IRF2BPL, and FAM98A were the main proteins that exhibited positive correlations with PTH levels, and SLITRK4, LAP3, and AP4E1 had negative correlations. Canonical pathway analysis demonstrated that the RAN and sirtuin signaling pathways were positively correlated with both PTH levels and adenoma volume, while epithelial adherence junction pathways had negative correlations.
Conclusion
Our study identified pivotal proteins and pathways associated with PA, offering potential therapeutic targets. These findings accentuate the importance of proteomics in understanding disease pathophysiology and the need for further research.
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Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Preoperative Serum Copeptin Can Predict Delayed Hyponatremia after Pituitary Surgery in the Absence of Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency
Ho Kang, Seung Shin Park, Yoo Hyung Kim, Hwan Sub Lim, Mi-Kyeong Lee, Kyoung-Ryul Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Yong Hwy Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):164-175.   Published online January 3, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1792
  • 2,391 View
  • 89 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Delayed postoperative hyponatremia (DPH) is the most common cause of readmission after pituitary surgery. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cutoff values of serum copeptin and determine the optimal timing for copeptin measurement for the prediction of the occurrence of DPH in patients who undergo endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (eTSA) surgery and tumor resection.
Methods
This was a prospective observational study of 73 patients who underwent eTSA surgery for pituitary or stalk lesions. Copeptin levels were measured before surgery, 1 hour after extubation, and on postoperative days 1, 2, 7, and 90.
Results
Among 73 patients, 23 patients (31.5%) developed DPH. The baseline ratio of copeptin to serum sodium level showed the highest predictive performance (area under the curve [AUROC], 0.699), and its optimal cutoff to maximize Youden’s index was 2.5×10–11, with a sensitivity of 91.3% and negative predictive value of 92.0%. No significant predictors were identified for patients with transient arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency. However, for patients without transient AVP deficiency, the copeptin-to-urine osmolarity ratio at baseline demonstrated the highest predictive performance (AUROC, 0.725). An optimal cutoff of 6.5×10–12 maximized Youden’s index, with a sensitivity of 92.9% and a negative predictive value of 94.1%.
Conclusion
The occurrence of DPH can be predicted using baseline copeptin and its ratio with serum sodium or urine osmolarity only in patients without transient AVP deficiency after pituitary surgery.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact Factors of Blood Copeptin Levels in Health and Disease States
    Yutong Wang, Shirui Wang, Siyu Liang, Xinke Zhou, Xiaoyuan Guo, Bochuan Huang, Hui Pan, Huijuan Zhu, Shi Chen
    Endocrine Practice.2024; 30(12): 1197.     CrossRef
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Adrenal gland
2023 Korean Endocrine Society Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Aldosteronism
Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Endocrine Society, The Korean Adrenal Study Group of Korean Endocrine Society
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):597-618.   Published online October 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1789
  • 10,699 View
  • 1,041 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common, yet underdiagnosed cause of secondary hypertension. It is characterized by an overproduction of aldosterone, leading to hypertension and/or hypokalemia. Despite affecting between 5.9% and 34% of patients with hypertension, PA is frequently missed due to a lack of clinical awareness and systematic screening, which can result in significant cardiovascular complications. To address this, medical societies have developed clinical practice guidelines to improve the management of hypertension and PA. The Korean Endocrine Society, drawing on a wealth of research, has formulated new guidelines for PA. A task force has been established to prepare PA guidelines, which encompass epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. The Korean clinical guidelines for PA aim to deliver an evidence-based protocol for PA diagnosis, treatment, and patient monitoring. These guidelines are anticipated to ease the burden of this potentially curable condition.

Citations

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  • Differences in target organ damage between captopril challenge test-defined definitive-positive and borderline-range groups among patients with primary aldosteronism
    Naoki Fujiwara, Tatsuya Haze, Hiromichi Wakui, Kouichi Tamura, Mika Tsuiki, Kohei Kamemura, Daisuke Taura, Takamasa Ichijo, Yutaka Takahashi, Minemori Watanabe, Hiroki Kobayashi, Toshifumi Nakamura, Shoichiro Izawa, Norio Wada, Tetsuya Yamada, Kenichi Yok
    Hypertension Research.2025; 48(2): 540.     CrossRef
  • Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Primary Aldosteronism After Adrenalectomy or Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
    Chien‐Wei Huang, Tse‐Ying Huang, Ya‐Fei Yang, Li‐Yang Chang, Yu‐Kang Tu, Vin‐Cent Wu, Jui‐Yi Chen
    Journal of the American Heart Association.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Correlation of Histopathologic Subtypes of Primary Aldosteronism with Clinical Phenotypes and Postsurgical Outcomes
    Chang Ho Ahn, You-Bin Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hee Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(8): e1582.     CrossRef
  • Temporal trends in clinical features of patients with primary aldosteronism over 20 years
    Seung Shin Park, Chang Ho Ahn, Sang Wan Kim, Jung-Min Koh, Seung Hun Lee, Jung Hee Kim
    Hypertension Research.2024; 47(8): 2019.     CrossRef
  • Primary aldosteronism: An underdiagnosed clinical entity
    Peeyush Jain, Atul Kaushik, Nilashish Dey, Ashwani Mehta, Shaloo Kapoor, Chhavi Agrawal
    Journal of Current Cardiology.2024; 2(2): 65.     CrossRef
  • Historical changes in the clinical features of primary aldosteronism
    Takamasa Ichijo
    Hypertension Research.2024; 47(10): 2926.     CrossRef
  • Comparing ARR Versus Suppressed PRA as Screening Tests for Primary Aldosteronism
    Marco Marcelli, Caixia Bi, John W. Funder, Michael J. McPhaul
    Hypertension.2024; 81(10): 2072.     CrossRef
  • Screening and treatment of endocrine hypertension focusing on adrenal gland disorders: a narrative review
    Seung Min Chung
    Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(4): 269.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic efficacy of aldosterone-to-renin ratio to screen primary aldosteronism in hypertension: a systemic review and meta-analysis
    Ting-Wei Kao, Jui-Yi Chen, Jung-Hua Liu, Wen-Hsin Tseng, Chih-Chia Hsieh, Vin-Cent Wu, Yen-Hung Lin, Zheng-Wei Chen
    Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative Analysis of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Radioimmunoassay in Determining Plasma Aldosterone Concentration and Plasma Renin Activity for Primary Aldosteronism Screening
    So Yoon Kwon, Kyeong-Jin Kim, Soo-Youn Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 965.     CrossRef
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Adrenal Gland
Recent Updates on the Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas
Seung Shin Park, Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(4):373-380.   Published online August 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1779
  • 21,949 View
  • 2,510 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Adrenal incidentalomas represent an increasingly common clinical conundrum with significant implications for patients. The revised 2023 European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) guideline incorporates cutting-edge evidence for managing adrenal incidentalomas. This paper provides a concise review of the updated contents of the revised guideline. In the 2023 guideline, in patients without signs and symptoms of overt Cushing’s syndrome, a post-dexamethasone cortisol level above 50 nmol/L (>1.8 μg/dL) should be considered as mild autonomous cortisol secretion. Regarding the criteria of benign adrenal adenomas, a homogeneous adrenal mass with ≤10 Hounsfield units on non-contrast computed tomography requires no further follow-up, irrespective of its size. The updated guideline also discusses steroid metabolomics using tandem mass spectrometry to discriminate malignancy. It underscores the importance of high-volume surgeons performing adrenalectomy and emphasizes the pivotal role of a multidisciplinary team approach in deciding the treatment plan for indeterminate adrenal masses. The guideline advocates for more proactive surgical treatment for indeterminate adrenal masses in young patients (<40 years) and pregnant women. This review of the 2023 ESE guideline underscores the ongoing evolution of the adrenal incidentaloma management landscape, emphasizing the need for further research and adaptation of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

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  • Personalized Management of Malignant and Non-Malignant Ectopic Mediastinal Thyroid: A Proposed 10-Item Algorithm Approach
    Mara Carsote, Mihai-Lucian Ciobica, Oana-Claudia Sima, Adrian Ciuche, Ovidiu Popa-Velea, Mihaela Stanciu, Florina Ligia Popa, Claudiu Nistor
    Cancers.2024; 16(10): 1868.     CrossRef
  • Temporal trends in clinical features of patients with primary aldosteronism over 20 years
    Seung Shin Park, Chang Ho Ahn, Sang Wan Kim, Jung-Min Koh, Seung Hun Lee, Jung Hee Kim
    Hypertension Research.2024; 47(8): 2019.     CrossRef
  • Steroid Profiling in the Differential Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome and Diagnosis of MACS
    A. Nankova, T. Kamenova, V. Vasilev, At. Elenkova, D. Svinarov, G. Kirilov, S. Zaharieva
    Acta Medica Bulgarica.2024; 51(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • Adrenal incidentalomas
    Ivana Ságová
    Vnitřní lékařství.2024; 70(5): E9.     CrossRef
  • Ectopic Mediastinal Thyroid: A Crossroad Between a Multi-Layered Endocrine Perspective and a Contemporary Approach in Thoracic Surgery
    Claudiu Nistor, Mihai-Lucian Ciobica, Oana-Claudia Sima, Anca-Pati Cucu, Florina Vasilescu, Lucian-George Eftimie, Dana Terzea, Mihai Costachescu, Adrian Ciuche, Mara Carsote
    Life.2024; 14(11): 1374.     CrossRef
  • Mature Adrenal Ganglioneuroma With Lipomatous Content: A Radiological and Histopathological Diagnostic Challenge
    Mohammed Lameir Hussein, Shams O Alkhateeb, Jouhar J Kolleri, Ala' Saleem Abu-Dayeh, Khaled Murshed, Nabil Sherif Mahmood
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative Analysis of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Radioimmunoassay in Determining Plasma Aldosterone Concentration and Plasma Renin Activity for Primary Aldosteronism Screening
    So Yoon Kwon, Kyeong-Jin Kim, Soo-Youn Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 965.     CrossRef
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Big Data Research in the Field of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database
Sun Wook Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Han Seok Choi, Hwa Young Ahn, Mee Kyoung Kim, Eun Jung Rhee
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):10-24.   Published online February 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.102
  • 8,575 View
  • 338 Download
  • 27 Web of Science
  • 28 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
The Korean National Health Information Database (NHID) contains big data combining information obtained from the National Health Insurance Service and health examinations. Data are provided in the form of a cohort, and the NHID can be used to conduct longitudinal studies and research on rare diseases. Moreover, data on the cause and date of death are provided by Statistics Korea. Research and publications based on the NHID have increased explosively in the field of endocrine disorders. However, because the data were not collected for research purposes, studies using the NHID have limitations, particularly the need for the operational definition of diseases. In this review, we describe the characteristics of the Korean NHID, operational definitions of endocrine diseases used for research, and an overview of recent studies in endocrinology using the Korean NHID.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Different Associations between Lipid Levels and Risk for Heart Failure according to Diabetes Progression
    Seung-Hwan Lee, Kyu Na Lee, Jong-Chan Youn, Hun Sung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Mee Kyoung Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(1): 105.     CrossRef
  • Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea 2024
    Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ji Yoon Kim, Kyuho Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Nam Hoon Kim, Kyung Do Han, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Soo Cha
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(1): 24.     CrossRef
  • Big Data Research for Diabetes-Related Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database
    Kyung-Soo Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyungdo Han
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(1): 13.     CrossRef
  • Reflections on the 2024 KTA Guideline and the Role of Radioiodine Therapy in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
    Minseok Suh, So Won Oh, Gi Jeong Cheon, June-Key Chung
    Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2025; 59(2): 95.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Pancreatitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the Development of Pancreatic Cancer: A Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study
    Young-eun Kim, Min Heui Yu, Chung Mo Nam, Eun Seok Kang
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(2): 252.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence, Incidence, and Metabolic Characteristics of Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Korea (2010–2020)
    Ji Yoon Kim, Jiyoon Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Se Eun Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Nam Hoon Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(2): 172.     CrossRef
  • Association between glycaemic status and the risk of acromegaly: a nationwide population-based cohort study
    Eun Roh, Ji Hye Heo, Han Na Jung, Kyung Do Han, Jun Goo Kang, Seong Jin Lee, Sung-Hee Ihm
    BMJ Open.2025; 15(3): e087884.     CrossRef
  • Associations Between Physical Activity and the Risk of Hip Fracture Depending on Glycemic Status: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Kyoung Min Kim, Kyoung Jin Kim, Kyungdo Han, Yumie Rhee
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(3): e1194.     CrossRef
  • Weight change in patients with new‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with remission: Comprehensive real‐world data
    Jinyoung Kim, Bongseong Kim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Ki‐Hyun Baek, Ki‐Ho Song, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk‐Sang Kwon
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(2): 567.     CrossRef
  • Diabetes severity and the risk of depression: A nationwide population-based study
    Yunjung Cho, Bongsung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kyungdo Han, Mee Kyoung Kim
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 351: 694.     CrossRef
  • Information Bias Might Exaggerate Lung Cancer Risk of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Nobuyuki Horita, Kaoru Takase-Minegishi
    Journal of Thoracic Oncology.2024; 19(2): 348.     CrossRef
  • Diabetes Duration, Cholesterol Levels, and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
    Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyu Na Lee, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(12): e2317.     CrossRef
  • Risk of fracture in patients with myasthenia gravis: a nationwide cohort study in Korea
    Hye-Sun Park, Kyoungsu Kim, Min Heui Yu, Ha Young Shin, Yumie Rhee, Seung Woo Kim, Namki Hong
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    Shinje Moon, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
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    Jin Yu, Kyu-Na Lee, Hun-Sung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee
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    Han-Sang Baek, Bongseong Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Sang-Ah Chang, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Seung Yun
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    Jiwon Kim, Namki Hong, Jimi Choi, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Eun Jig Lee, Sin Gon Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku
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Adrenal Gland
A Novel Missense PRKAR1A Variant Causes Carney Complex
Boram Kim, Han Na Jang, Kyung Shil Chae, Ho Seop Shin, Yong Hwy Kim, Su Jin Kim, Moon-Woo Seong, Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):810-815.   Published online October 4, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1544
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
The Carney complex (CNC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by endocrine and nonendocrine tumors. Loss-of-function variants of protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1 alpha (PRKAR1A) are common causes of CNC. Here, we present the case of a patient with CNC with a novel PRKAR1A missense variant. A 21-year-old woman was diagnosed with CNC secondary to acromegaly and adrenal Cushing syndrome. Genetic analysis revealed a novel missense heterozygous variant of PRKAR1A (c.176A>T). Her relatives, suspected of having CNC, also carried the same variant. RNA analysis revealed that this variant led to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. In vitro functional analysis of the variant confirmed its role in increasing protein kinase A activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. This study broadens our understanding of the genetic spectrum of CNC. We suggest that PRKAR1A genetic testing and counseling be recommended for patients with CNC and their families.

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  • Carney complex: A clinicopathologic study on a single family from several Canadian provinces
    Alexandra Lao, Julio Silva, Brian Chiu, Consolato M. Sergi
    Cardiovascular Pathology.2024; 69: 107599.     CrossRef
Close layer
Mineral, Bone & Muscle
Development of a Spine X-Ray-Based Fracture Prediction Model Using a Deep Learning Algorithm
Sung Hye Kong, Jae-Won Lee, Byeong Uk Bae, Jin Kyeong Sung, Kyu Hwan Jung, Jung Hee Kim, Chan Soo Shin
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):674-683.   Published online August 5, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1461
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  • 24 Web of Science
  • 24 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Since image-based fracture prediction models using deep learning are lacking, we aimed to develop an X-ray-based fracture prediction model using deep learning with longitudinal data.
Methods
This study included 1,595 participants aged 50 to 75 years with at least two lumbosacral radiographs without baseline fractures from 2010 to 2015 at Seoul National University Hospital. Positive and negative cases were defined according to whether vertebral fractures developed during follow-up. The cases were divided into training (n=1,416) and test (n=179) sets. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based prediction algorithm, DeepSurv, was trained with images and baseline clinical information (age, sex, body mass index, glucocorticoid use, and secondary osteoporosis). The concordance index (C-index) was used to compare performance between DeepSurv and the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and Cox proportional hazard (CoxPH) models.
Results
Of the total participants, 1,188 (74.4%) were women, and the mean age was 60.5 years. During a mean follow-up period of 40.7 months, vertebral fractures occurred in 7.5% (120/1,595) of participants. In the test set, when DeepSurv learned with images and clinical features, it showed higher performance than FRAX and CoxPH in terms of C-index values (DeepSurv, 0.612; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.571 to 0.653; FRAX, 0.547; CoxPH, 0.594; 95% CI, 0.552 to 0.555). Notably, the DeepSurv method without clinical features had a higher C-index (0.614; 95% CI, 0.572 to 0.656) than that of FRAX in women.
Conclusion
DeepSurv, a CNN-based prediction algorithm using baseline image and clinical information, outperformed the FRAX and CoxPH models in predicting osteoporotic fracture from spine radiographs in a longitudinal cohort.

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Close layer
Adrenal Gland
Outcome-Based Decision-Making Algorithm for Treating Patients with Primary Aldosteronism
Jung Hee Kim, Chang Ho Ahn, Su Jin Kim, Kyu Eun Lee, Jong Woo Kim, Hyun-Ki Yoon, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Jung-Min Koh, Seung Hun Lee
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):369-382.   Published online April 14, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1391
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Optimal management of primary aldosteronism (PA) is crucial due to the increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard method for determining subtype but is technically challenging and invasive. Some PA patients do not benefit clinically from surgery. We sought to develop an algorithm to improve decision- making before engaging in AVS and surgery in clinical practice.
Methods
We conducted the ongoing Korean Primary Aldosteronism Study at two tertiary centers. Study A involved PA patients with successful catheterization and a unilateral nodule on computed tomography and aimed to predict unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (n=367). Study B involved similar patients who underwent adrenalectomy and aimed to predict postoperative outcome (n=330). In study A, we implemented important feature selection using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression.
Results
We developed a unilateral PA prediction model using logistic regression analysis: lowest serum potassium level ≤3.4 mEq/L, aldosterone-to-renin ratio ≥150, plasma aldosterone concentration ≥30 ng/mL, and body mass index <25 kg/m2 (area under the curve, 0.819; 95% confidence interval, 0.774 to 0.865; sensitivity, 97.6%; specificity, 25.5%). In study B, we identified female, hypertension duration <5 years, anti-hypertension medication <2.5 daily defined dose, and the absence of coronary artery disease as predictors of clinical success, using stepwise logistic regression models (sensitivity, 94.2%; specificity, 49.3%). We validated our algorithm in the independent validation dataset (n=53).
Conclusion
We propose this new outcome-driven diagnostic algorithm, simultaneously considering unilateral aldosterone excess and clinical surgical benefits in PA patients.

Citations

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    Jun Yang, Jacopo Burrello, Jessica Goi, Martin Reincke, Christian Adolf, Evelyn Asbach, Denise Brűdgam, Qifu Li, Ying Song, Jinbo Hu, Shumin Yang, Fumitoshi Satoh, Yoshikiyo Ono, Renata Libianto, Michael Stowasser, Nanfang Li, Qing Zhu, Namki Hong, Drishy
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    Seung Shin Park, Chang Ho Ahn, Sang Wan Kim, Ji Won Yoon, Jung Hee Kim
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Close layer
Mineral, Bone & Muscle
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Risk of Fractures and Falls According to Dosage and Interval: A Meta-Analysis
Sung Hye Kong, Han Na Jang, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):344-358.   Published online April 25, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1374
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Although recent studies comparing various dosages and intervals of vitamin D supplementation have been published, it is yet to be elucidated whether there is an appropriate dose or interval to provide benefit regarding fracture risk. We aimed to assess the published evidence available to date regarding the putative beneficial effects of vitamin D supplements on fractures and falls according to various dosages and intervals.
Methods
We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies reporting associations between vitamin D supplementation and the risks of fractures and falls in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library. Studies with supplements of ergocalciferol or calcitriol, those with a number of event ≤10, or those with a follow-up duration of less than 6 months were also excluded.
Results
Thirty-two studies were included in the final analysis. Vitamin D supplementation with daily dose of 800 to 1,000 mg was associated with lower risks of osteoporotic fracture and fall (pooled relative risk [RR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 0.97 and RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.98), while studies with <800 or >1,000 mg/day did not. Also, among intervals, daily administration of vitamin D was associated with the reduced risk of falls, while intermittent dose was not. Also, patients with vitamin D deficiency showed a significant risk reduction of falls after vitamin D supplementation.
Conclusion
Daily vitamin D dose of 800 to 1,000 IU was the most probable way to reduce the fracture and fall risk. Further studies designed with various regimens and targeted vitamin D levels are required to elucidate the benefits of vitamin D supplements.

Citations

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Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Morphology as an Indicator of Long-Term Disease Control in Adults with Classic 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Taek Min Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Han Na Jang, Man Ho Choi, Jeong Yeon Cho, Sang Youn Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(1):124-137.   Published online February 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1278
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  • 142 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Monitoring adults with classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is challenging due to variation in clinical and laboratory settings. Moreover, guidelines for adrenal imaging in 21OHD are not yet available. We evaluated the relationship between adrenal morphology and disease control status in classical 21OHD.
Methods
This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 90 adult 21OHD patients and 270 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We assessed adrenal volume, width, and tumor presence using abdominal computed tomography and evaluated correlations of adrenal volume and width with hormonal status. We investigated the diagnostic performance of adrenal volume and width for identifying well-controlled status in 21OHD patients (17α-hydroxyprogesterone [17-OHP] <10 ng/mL).
Results
The adrenal morphology of 21OHD patients showed hypertrophy (45.6%), normal size (42.2%), and hypotrophy (12.2%). Adrenal tumors were detected in 12 patients (13.3%). The adrenal volume and width of 21OHD patients were significantly larger than those of controls (18.2±12.2 mL vs. 7.1±2.0 mL, 4.7±1.9 mm vs. 3.3±0.5 mm, P<0.001 for both). The 17-OHP and androstenedione levels were highest in patients with adrenal hypertrophy, followed by those with normal adrenal glands and adrenal hypotrophy (P<0.05 for both). Adrenal volume and width correlated positively with adrenocorticotropic hormone, 17-OHP, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, progesterone sulfate, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in both sexes (r=0.33–0.95, P<0.05 for all). For identifying well-controlled patients, the optimal cut-off values of adrenal volume and width were 10.7 mL and 4 mm, respectively (area under the curve, 0.82–0.88; P<0.001 for both).
Conclusion
Adrenal volume and width may be reliable quantitative parameters for monitoring patients with classical 21OHD.

Citations

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  • Long‐term health consequences of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    Riccardo Pofi, Xiaochen Ji, Nils P. Krone, Jeremy W. Tomlinson
    Clinical Endocrinology.2024; 101(4): 318.     CrossRef
  • Landscape of Adrenal Tumours in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Mara Carsote, Ana-Maria Gheorghe, Claudiu Nistor, Alexandra-Ioana Trandafir, Oana-Claudia Sima, Anca-Pati Cucu, Adrian Ciuche, Eugenia Petrova, Adina Ghemigian
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(11): 3081.     CrossRef
  • Multiplexed Serum Steroid Profiling Reveals Metabolic Signatures of Subtypes in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Jaeyoon Shim, Chang Ho Ahn, Seung Shin Park, Jongsung Noh, Chaelin Lee, Sang Won Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Man Ho Choi
    Journal of the Endocrine Society.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Long-Term Outcomes of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Anna Nordenström, Svetlana Lajic, Henrik Falhammar
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(4): 587.     CrossRef
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in patients with adrenal tumors: a population-based case–control study
    F. Sahlander, J. Patrova, B. Mannheimer, J. D. Lindh, H. Falhammar
    Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2022; 46(3): 559.     CrossRef
  • Fully automatic volume measurement of the adrenal gland on CT using deep learning to classify adrenal hyperplasia
    Taek Min Kim, Seung Jae Choi, Ji Yeon Ko, Sungwan Kim, Chang Wook Jeong, Jeong Yeon Cho, Sang Youn Kim, Young-Gon Kim
    European Radiology.2022; 33(6): 4292.     CrossRef
Close layer
Adrenal Gland
Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Epidemiology and Long-Term Adverse Outcomes in Korean Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Nationwide Study
Jung Hee Kim, Sunkyu Choi, Young Ah Lee, Juneyoung Lee, Sin Gon Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(1):138-147.   Published online February 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1328
  • 6,008 View
  • 188 Download
  • 15 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Previous studies on the epidemiology and complications of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were conducted in Western countries and in children/adolescents. We aimed to explore the epidemiology of CAH, as well as the risk of comorbidities and mortality, in a Korean nationwide case-control study.
Methods
CAH patients (n=2,840) were included between 2002 and 2017 from the National Health Insurance Service database and the Rare Intractable Disease program. CAH patients were compared, at a 1:10 ratio, with age-, sex-, and index year-matched controls (n=28,400).
Results
The point prevalence of CAH patients in Korea was 1 in 18,745 persons in 2017. The annual incidence rate declined between 2003 and 2017 from 3.25 to 0.41 per 100,000 persons. CAH patients were at elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 1.9), stroke (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.0), diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.6 to 3.1), dyslipidemia (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.2 to 2.6), and psychiatric disorders (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3 to 1.6). Fracture risk increased in CAH patients aged over 40 years (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7). CAH patients were at higher risk of mortality than controls (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.0).
Conclusion
Our nationwide study showed a recent decline in the incidence of CAH and an elevated risk for cardiovascular, metabolic, skeletal, and psychiatric disorders in CAH patients. Lifelong management for comorbidity risk is a crucial component of treating CAH patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Cardiometabolic Aspects of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Robert Krysiak, Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten, Nicole Reisch, Philippe Touraine, Henrik Falhammar
    Endocrine Reviews.2025; 46(1): 80.     CrossRef
  • Glucocorticoid therapy in classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: traditional and new treatment paradigms
    Irina Bancos, Hyunwoo Kim, Henry K. Cheng, Mariam Rodriguez-Lee, Helen Coope, Samantha Cicero, Hannah Goldsmith, Vivian H. Lin, George S. Jeha
    Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2025; 20(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Manifestations and Challenges in Adolescent and Adult Females With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
    Hedvig Engberg, Anna Nordenström, Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2025; 110(Supplement): S37.     CrossRef
  • Metabolic Syndrome Spectrum in Children with Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—A Comprehensive Review
    Sanja Panic Zaric, Tatjana Milenkovic, Sladjana Todorovic, Katarina Mitrovic, Dimitrije Cvetkovic, Maja Cehic, Jelena Vekic, Katja Dumic, Rade Vukovic
    Metabolites.2025; 15(2): 89.     CrossRef
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    Riccardo Pofi, Xiaochen Ji, Nils P. Krone, Jeremy W. Tomlinson
    Clinical Endocrinology.2024; 101(4): 318.     CrossRef
  • Hyperandrogenism and Cardiometabolic Risk in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women—What Is the Evidence?
    Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(5): 1202.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Cardiovascular Morbidities in Adults With 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Suranut Charoensri, Richard J Auchus
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(3): e1133.     CrossRef
  • Case report: Development of central precocious puberty in a girl with late-diagnosed simple virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia complicated with Williams syndrome
    Eun Young Joo, Myung Ji Yoo, Su Jin Kim, Woori Jang, Ji-Eun Lee
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    Catriona J Kyle, Luke D Boyle, Mark Nixon, Natalie Z M Homer, Joanna P Simpson, Alison Rutter, Lynne E Ramage, Alexandra Kelman, Ellen Marie Freel, Ruth Andrew, Brian R Walker, Roland H Stimson
    European Journal of Endocrinology.2024; 191(6): 535.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Females With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Behzad Sorouri Khorashad, Oumaima Kaabi, Melissa D Gardner, Darios Getahun, Michael Goodman, Timothy L Lash, Peter A Lee, Joshua May, Courtney McCracken, Maria Muzik, Suma Vupputuri, Rami Yacoub, David E Sandberg
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Анализ распространенности и заболеваемости надпочечниковой недостаточностью в мире
    М. Ю. Юкина, Н. Ф. Нуралиева, Е. А. Трошина
    Ateroscleroz.2023; 18(4): 426.     CrossRef
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    Sun Wook Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Han Seok Choi, Hwa Young Ahn, Mee Kyoung Kim, Eun Jung Rhee
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    Beatrice Righi, Salma R. Ali, Jillian Bryce, Jeremy W. Tomlinson, Walter Bonfig, Federico Baronio, Eduardo C. Costa, Guilherme Guaragna-Filho, Guy T’Sjoen, Martine Cools, Renata Markosyan, Tania A. S. S. Bachega, Mirela C. Miranda, Violeta Iotova, Henrik
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    Chang Ho Ahn, Jaeyoon Shim, Han Na Jang, Young Ah Lee, Sang-Won Lee, Man Ho Choi, Jung Hee Kim
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  • Multiplexed Serum Steroid Profiling Reveals Metabolic Signatures of Subtypes in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Jaeyoon Shim, Chang Ho Ahn, Seung Shin Park, Jongsung Noh, Chaelin Lee, Sang Won Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Man Ho Choi
    Journal of the Endocrine Society.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Anna Nordenström, Svetlana Lajic, Henrik Falhammar
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Miscellaneous
Corrigendum: Correction of Acknowledgments. Transformation of Mature Osteoblasts into Bone Lining Cells and RNA Sequencing-Based Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Bone during Mechanical Unloading
A Ram Hong, Kwangsoo Kim, Ji Yeon Lee, Jae-Yeon Yang, Jung Hee Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Sang Wan Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1314.   Published online November 18, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.601
Corrects: Endocrinol Metab 2020;35(2):456
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  • 86 Download
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Adrenal Gland
Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of PRKACA L206R Mutant Cortisol-Producing Adenomas in Korean Patients
Insoon Jang, Su-jin Kim, Ra-Young Song, Kwangsoo Kim, Seongmin Choi, Jang-Seok Lee, Min-Kyeong Gwon, Moon Woo Seong, Kyu Eun Lee, Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1287-1297.   Published online December 2, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1217
  • 5,192 View
  • 137 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
An activating mutation (c.617A>C/p.Lys206Arg, L206R) in protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha (PRKACA) has been reported in 35% to 65% of cases of cortisol-producing adenomas (CPAs). We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and transcriptome analysis between PRKACA L206R mutants and wild-type CPAs in Korea.
Methods
We included 57 subjects with CPAs who underwent adrenalectomy at Seoul National University Hospital. Sanger sequencing for PRKACA was conducted in 57 CPA tumor tissues. RNA sequencing was performed in 13 fresh-frozen tumor tissues.
Results
The prevalence of the PRKACA L206R mutation was 51% (29/57). The mean age of the study subjects was 42±12 years, and 87.7% (50/57) of the patients were female. Subjects with PRKACA L206R mutant CPAs showed smaller adenoma size (3.3±0.7 cm vs. 3.8±1.2 cm, P=0.059) and lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels (218±180 ng/mL vs. 1,511±3,307 ng/mL, P=0.001) than those with PRKACA wild-type CPAs. Transcriptome profiling identified 244 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PRKACA L206R mutant (n=8) and wild-type CPAs (n=5), including five upregulated and 239 downregulated genes in PRKACA L206R mutant CPAs (|fold change| ≥2, P<0.05). Among the upstream regulators of DEGs, CTNNB1 was the most significant transcription regulator. In several pathway analyses, the Wnt signaling pathway was downregulated and the steroid biosynthesis pathway was upregulated in PRKACA mutants. Protein-protein interaction analysis also showed that PRKACA downregulates Wnt signaling and upregulates steroid biosynthesis.
Conclusion
The PRKACA L206R mutation in CPAs causes high hormonal activity with a limited proliferative capacity, as supported by transcriptome profiling.
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Adrenal Gland
Metabolic Subtyping of Adrenal Tumors: Prospective Multi-Center Cohort Study in Korea
Eu Jeong Ku, Chaelin Lee, Jaeyoon Shim, Sihoon Lee, Kyoung-Ah Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Yumie Rhee, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Jung Soo Lim, Choon Hee Chung, Sung Wan Chun, Soon-Jib Yoo, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Ho Chan Cho, A Ram Hong, Chang Ho Ahn, Jung Hee Kim, Man Ho Choi
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):1131-1141.   Published online October 21, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1149
  • 7,366 View
  • 234 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Conventional diagnostic approaches for adrenal tumors require multi-step processes, including imaging studies and dynamic hormone tests. Therefore, this study aimed to discriminate adrenal tumors from a single blood sample based on the combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and machine learning algorithms in serum profiling of adrenal steroids.
Methods
The LC-MS-based steroid profiling was applied to serum samples obtained from patients with nonfunctioning adenoma (NFA, n=73), Cushing’s syndrome (CS, n=30), and primary aldosteronism (PA, n=40) in a prospective multicenter study of adrenal disease. The decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) were performed to categorize the subtypes of adrenal tumors.
Results
The CS group showed higher serum levels of 11-deoxycortisol than the NFA group, and increased levels of tetrahydrocortisone (THE), 20α-dihydrocortisol, and 6β-hydroxycortisol were found in the PA group. However, the CS group showed lower levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate derivative (DHEA-S) than both the NFA and PA groups. Patients with PA expressed higher serum 18-hydroxycortisol and DHEA but lower THE than NFA patients. The balanced accuracies of DT, RF, and XGBoost for classifying each type were 78%, 96%, and 97%, respectively. In receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis for CS, XGBoost, and RF showed a significantly greater diagnostic power than the DT. However, in ROC analysis for PA, only RF exhibited better diagnostic performance than DT.
Conclusion
The combination of LC-MS-based steroid profiling with machine learning algorithms could be a promising one-step diagnostic approach for the classification of adrenal tumor subtypes.

Citations

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  • Treating Primary Aldosteronism-Induced Hypertension: Novel Approaches and Future Outlooks
    Nathan Mullen, James Curneen, Padraig T Donlon, Punit Prakash, Irina Bancos, Mark Gurnell, Michael C Dennedy
    Endocrine Reviews.2024; 45(1): 125.     CrossRef
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    Danni Mu, Dandan Sun, Xia Qian, Xiaoli Ma, Ling Qiu, Xinqi Cheng, Songlin Yu
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    Danni Mu, Xia Qian, Yichen Ma, Xi Wang, Yumeng Gao, Xiaoli Ma, Shaowei Xie, Lian Hou, Qi Zhang, Fang Zhao, Liangyu Xia, Liling Lin, Ling Qiu, Jie Wu, Songlin Yu, Xinqi Cheng
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    Alessandro Prete, Irina Bancos
    Nature Reviews Endocrinology.2024; 20(8): 460.     CrossRef
  • Plasma Steroid Profiling Between Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus in Nonfunctioning Adrenal Incidentalomas
    Yui Nakano, Maki Yokomoto-Umakoshi, Kohta Nakatani, Hironobu Umakoshi, Hiroshi Nakao, Masamichi Fujita, Hiroki Kaneko, Norifusa Iwahashi, Tatsuki Ogasawara, Tazuru Fukumoto, Yayoi Matsuda, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Yoshihiro Izumi, Takeshi Bamba, Yoshihiro Ogawa
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    Jin Gyeong Son, Hyun Kyong Shon, Ji-Eun Kim, In−Ho Lee, Tae Geol Lee
    Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.2024; 35(12): 3107.     CrossRef
  • Serum and hair steroid profiles in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma undergoing surgery: A prospective observational study
    Seung Shin Park, Yong Hwy Kim, Ho Kang, Chang Ho Ahn, Dong Jun Byun, Man Ho Choi, Jung Hee Kim
    The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2023; 230: 106276.     CrossRef
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    Seung Shin Park, Jung Hee Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 373.     CrossRef
  • LC-MS based simultaneous profiling of adrenal hormones of steroids, catecholamines, and metanephrines
    Jongsung Noh, Chaelin Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Seung Woon Myung, Man Ho Choi
    Journal of Lipid Research.2023; 64(11): 100453.     CrossRef
  • 2023 Korean Endocrine Society Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Aldosteronism
    Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 597.     CrossRef
  • Toward Systems-Level Metabolic Analysis in Endocrine Disorders and Cancer
    Aliya Lakhani, Da Hyun Kang, Yea Eun Kang, Junyoung O. Park
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 619.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Characteristics of Adrenal Tumors in an Unselected Screening Population
    Ying Jing, Jinbo Hu, Rong Luo, Yun Mao, Zhixiao Luo, Mingjun Zhang, Jun Yang, Ying Song, Zhengping Feng, Zhihong Wang, Qingfeng Cheng, Linqiang Ma, Yi Yang, Li Zhong, Zhipeng Du, Yue Wang, Ting Luo, Wenwen He, Yue Sun, Fajin Lv, Qifu Li, Shumin Yang
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Adrenal Gland
Lipid Profiles in Primary Aldosteronism Compared with Essential Hypertension: Propensity-Score Matching Study
Sun Joon Moon, Han Na Jang, Jung Hee Kim, Min Kyong Moon
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):885-894.   Published online August 10, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1012
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  • 153 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
There has been controversy regarding the association between primary aldosteronism (PA) and dyslipidemia and few studies considered the effects of diabetes and renal function on lipid metabolism. We analyzed lipid profiles of PA patients and compared them to propensity-score (PS)-matched essential hypertension (EH) patients adjusting for glycemic status and renal function.
Methods
Patients who were diagnosed with PA using a saline-infusion test at Seoul National University Hospital from 2000 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. EH patients who had aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) results were selected as controls. Covariates, including diabetes, were PS-matched for patients with PA, lateralized PA, non-lateralized PA, and high ARR to EH patients, respectively.
Results
Among a total of 80 PA and 80 EH patients, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly lower in the PA patients than in the EH patients (least-squares mean±standard error: 185.5±4.4 mg/dL vs. 196.2±4.4 mg/dL, P=0.047, for TC; and 132.3±11.5 mg/dL vs. 157.4±11.4 mg/dL, P=0.035, for TG) in fully adjusted model (adjusting for multiple covariates, including diabetes status, glycosylated hemoglobin level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate). There were no significant differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels between the two groups. According to increments in aldosterone levels, an increasing tendency of HDL-C and decreasing tendencies of TG and non-HDL-C were observed.
Conclusion
PA patients had lower TC and TG levels than EH patients, independent of glycemic status and renal function.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Targeting cholesterol-dependent adrenal steroidogenesis for management of primary aldosteronism
    Hao Wu, Hongbo He, Tong Han, Xiaoyu Tian, Zhiming Zhu
    Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The association between aldosterone and lipid profiles in patients with primary aldosteronism
    Ning-Peng Liang, Kun-Rui Rao, Ming Hu, Ru-Yi Bao, Jian-Wei Liu, Ze-Qun Lai, Hong-Jin Zhang, Huang Zhang, Meng-Bo Wu, Xiang-Tao Zhang, Yi-Fei Dong
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of saline infusion test and captopril challenge test in the diagnosis of Chinese with primary aldosteronism in different age groups
    Kaiwen Sun, Minghui Gong, Yang Yu, Minghui Yang, Ying Zhang, Yinong Jiang, Wei Song
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
    Kaiwen Sun, Chenxu Zhou, Minghui Gong, Ying Zhang, Yinong Jiang, Wei Song
    The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2024; 26(8): 879.     CrossRef
  • Meta‐analysis of blood parameters related to lipid and glucose metabolism between two subtypes of primary aldosteronism
    Qiu‐Gen Zhu, Feng Zhu
    The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2023; 25(1): 13.     CrossRef
  • 2023 Korean Endocrine Society Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Aldosteronism
    Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 597.     CrossRef
  • The differences of serum lipid profiles between primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension: a meta-analysis and systematic review
    Worapaka Manosroi, Pitchaporn Phudphong, Pichitchai Atthakomol, Mattabhorn Phimphilai
    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Adrenal Gland
Contralateral Suppression at Adrenal Venous Sampling Is Associated with Renal Impairment Following Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism
Ye Seul Yang, Seung Hun Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Jee Hee Yoo, Jung Hyun Lee, Seo Young Lee, A Ram Hong, Dong-Hwa Lee, Jung-Min Koh, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):875-884.   Published online August 11, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1047
  • 6,709 View
  • 166 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is performed to distinguish the subtype of primary aldosteronism (PA). The clinical implication of contralateral suppression (CS; aldosterone/cortisolnondominantperipheral) at AVS remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of CS and its impact on postoperative outcomes after unilateral adrenalectomy.
Methods
In this retrospective observational multi-center study, we analyzed PA patients who underwent both successful adrenocorticotropin hormone-stimulated AVS and unilateral adrenalectomy. Successful cannulation was defined as the selectivity index (cortisoladrenal/ cortisolperipheral) ≥3. Clinical and biochemical outcomes after unilateral adrenalectomy were evaluated based on the international Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome consensus.
Results
Among 263 patients analyzed, 247 had CS (93.9%). Patients with CS had lower serum potassium levels, higher plasma aldosterone concentration, higher aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR), and larger adenoma size than those without CS. Those with CS showed significantly higher lateralization index than those without CS (P<0.001). Although postoperative blood pressure and ARR significantly decreased in those with CS, clinical and biochemical outcomes were comparable in both groups. When the cut-off value of age was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, patients aged ≥50 years old with contralateral suppression index (CSI; the ratio between aldosterone/cortisolnondominant and aldosterone/cortisolperipheral) ≤0.26 had greater odds ratio (6.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.30 to 31.69) of incident chronic kidney disease than those aged <50 years with CSI >0.26 after adjusting for other factors.
Conclusion
CS may not predict postoperative clinical and biochemical outcomes in subjects with unilateral aldosterone excess, but it is associated with postsurgical deterioration of renal function in subjects over 50 years with CSI ≤0.26.

Citations

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  • Treatment decision based on unilateral index from nonadrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated and adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism
    Xizi Zhang, Xiaoyu Shu, Feifei Wu, Jun Yang, Qingfeng Cheng, Zhipeng Du, Ying Song, Yi Yang, Jinbo Hu, Yue Wang, Qifu Li, Shumin Yang
    Journal of Hypertension.2024; 42(3): 450.     CrossRef
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    Chang Ho Ahn, You-Bin Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hee Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(8): e1582.     CrossRef
  • Development of a multivariate model predictive of post-adrenalectomy renal function decline in patients with primary aldosteronism: a large-cohort single-center study
    Wenhao Lin, Juping Zhao, Chen Fang, Wei He, Xin Huang, Fukang Sun, Jun Dai
    World Journal of Urology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Nathalie Voss, Sara Mørup, Caroline Clausen, Claus larsen Feltoft, Jan Viberg Jepsen, Mads Hornum, Mikkel Andreassen, Jesper Krogh
    Clinical Endocrinology.2023; 98(3): 306.     CrossRef
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    Qiyu He, Zhimin Tan, Yu Liu, Liang Zhou
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    Sara Mørup, Nathalie Voss, Caroline Clausen, Claus Larsen Feltoft, Mikkel Andreassen, Jesper Krogh
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    Zhimin Tan, Qiyu He, Liang Zhou
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 951.     CrossRef
  • Contralateral Suppression at Adrenal Venous Sampling Is Associated with Renal Impairment Following Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism (Endocrinol Metab 2021;36:875-84, Ye Seul Yang et al.)
    Ye Seul Yang, Sang Wan Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 953.     CrossRef
Close layer
Adrenal Gland
Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography in Predicting Primary Aldosteronism Subtype According to Age (Endocrinol Metab 2021;36:401-12, Seung Hun Lee et al.)
Seung Hun Lee, Jong Woo Kim, Hyun-Ki Yoon, Jung-Min Koh, Chan Soo Shin, Sang Wan Kim, Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):914-915.   Published online August 27, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.402
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  • 87 Download
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PDFPubReader   ePub   

Citations

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  • Strategies for subtyping primary aldosteronism
    Yun-Hsuan Yang, Yu-Ling Chang, Bo-Ching Lee, Ching-Chu Lu, Wei-Ting Wang, Ya-Hui Hu, Han-Wen Liu, Yung-Hsiang Lin, Chin-Chen Chang, Wan-Chen Wu, Fen-Yu Tseng, Yen-Hung Lin, Vin-Cent Wu, Chii-Min Hwu
    Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.2024; 123: S114.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic consistency between computed tomography and adrenal vein sampling of primary aldosteronism: Leading to successful curative outcome after adrenalectomy: A retrospective study
    Byung-Chang Kim, Hyun-Ki Yoon, Kye Jin Park, Gun Ha Kim, Shin Jeong Pak, Douk Kwon, Jae Won Cho, Won Woong Kim, Yu-mi Lee, Jung-Min Koh, Seung Hun Lee, Ki-Wook Chung, Tae-Yon Sung
    International Journal of Surgery.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Close layer
Clinical Study
Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography in Predicting Primary Aldosteronism Subtype According to Age
Seung Hun Lee, Jong Woo Kim, Hyun-Ki Yoon, Jung-Min Koh, Chan Soo Shin, Sang Wan Kim, Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):401-412.   Published online March 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.901
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  • 174 Download
  • 21 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Guidelines by the Endocrine Society Guideline on bypassing adrenal vein sampling (AVS) in patients <35 years old with marked primary aldosteronism (PA) (hypokalemia and elevated plasma aldosterone concentration [PAC]) and a unilateral lesion on computed tomography (CT) are based on limited number of studies. We aimed to determine the accuracy of CT in PA patients according to age.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we investigated the concordance between CT and AVS in 466 PA patients from two tertiary centers who successfully underwent AVS.
Results
CT had an overall accuracy of 64.4% (300/466). In the group with unilateral lesion, patients with hypokalemia had higher concordance than those without hypokalemia (85.0% vs. 43.6%, P<0.001). In the group with marked PA (hypokalemia and PAC >15.9 ng/dL) and unilateral lesion, accuracy of CT was 84.6% (11/13) in patients aged <35 years; 100.0% (20/20), aged 35 to 39 years; 89.4% (59/66), aged 40 to 49 years; and 79.8% (79/99), aged ≥50 years. Cut-off age and PAC for concordance was <50 years and >29.6 ng/dL, respectively. The significant difference in accuracy of CT in 198 patients with marked PA and a unilateral lesion between the <50-year age group and ≥50-year age group (90.9% vs. 79.8%, P=0.044) disappeared in 139 of 198 patients with PAC > 30.0 ng/dL (91.9% vs. 87.7%, P=0.590).
Conclusion
Patients with hypokalemia, PAC >30.0 ng/dL, and unilateral lesion were at high risk of unilateral PA regardless of age.

Citations

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  • Adrenal Vein Sampling for Primary Aldosteronism: Recommendations From the Australian and New Zealand Working Group
    Jun Yang, Damon A. Bell, Richard Carroll, Cherie Chiang, Diane Cowley, Emma Croker, James C. G. Doery, Marianne Elston, Paul Glendenning, Julie Hetherington, Andrea R. Horvath, Shanshan Lu‐Shirzad, Elisabeth Ng, Amanda Mather, Nimalie Perera, Muddassir Ra
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    Seung Shin Park, Chang Ho Ahn, Sang Wan Kim, Ji Won Yoon, Jung Hee Kim
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    Sara Cartwright, MaKayla Gordon, Jessica Shank, Abbey Fingeret
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    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(8): e1582.     CrossRef
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  • Accuracy of Gallium-68 Pentixafor Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography for Subtyping Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism
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    Eleftheria Gkaniatsa, Oskar Ragnarsson
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    Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 597.     CrossRef
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    Seung Hun Lee, Jong Woo Kim, Hyun‐Ki Yoon, Sang Wan Kim, Su Jin Kim, Kyu Eun Lee, Yu‐Mi Lee, Tae‐Yon Sung, Suck Joon Hong, Chan Soo Shin, Jung‐Min Koh, Jung Hee Kim
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    Chang Ho Ahn, Hee Young Na, So Yeon Park, Hyeong Won Yu, Su‐Jin Kim, June Young Choi, Kyu Eun Lee, Sang Wan Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jung Hee Kim
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    Ying Song, Jun Yang, Hang Shen, Elisabeth Ng, Peter J. Fuller, Zhengping Feng, Jinbo Hu, Linqiang Ma, Yi Yang, Zhipeng Du, Yue Wang, Ting Luo, Wenwen He, Qifu Li, Fei-Fei Wu, Shumin Yang
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    Barbora Kološová, Petr Waldauf, Dan Wichterle, Jan Kvasnička, Tomáš Zelinka, Ondřej Petrák, Zuzana Krátká, Lubomíra Forejtová, Jan Kaván, Jiří Widimský, Robert Holaj
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    Seung Hun Lee, Jong Woo Kim, Hyun-Ki Yoon, Jung-Min Koh, Chan Soo Shin, Sang Wan Kim, Jung Hee Kim
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  • Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography in Predicting Primary Aldosteronism Subtype According to Age (Endocrinol Metab 2021;36:401-12, Seung Hun Lee et al.)
    Pankaj Singhania
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Close layer
Clinical Study
Radioactive Parathyroid Adenomas on Sestamibi Scans: Low Parathyroid Hormone Secretory Potential and Large Volume
Sung Hye Kong, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):351-358.   Published online April 6, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.823
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
We investigated the clinical characteristics of parathyroid adenomas according to radioactivity on 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients.
Methods
The study included 217 patients diagnosed with PHPT from 2000 to 2019 at Seoul National University Hospital who underwent 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT scans. On SPECT/CT, the radioactivity of parathyroid adenomas was measured as the ratio of the mean radioactivity count of the parathyroid adenoma to that of the contralateral thyroid.
Results
Tumors were localized by MIBI scans in 190 patients (MIBI [+] group) and by ultrasound or parathyroid four-dimensional CT in 27 patients (MIBI [–] group). The mean age was 55 years, and mean body mass index was 23.4 kg/m2. Patients in the MIBI (+) group had higher parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and lower 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels than those in the MIBI (–) group (168.0 pg/mL [interquartile range, IQR, 111.0 to 250.7] vs. 134.7 pg/mL [IQR, 98.2 to 191.2], P=0.049; 15.4 ng/mL [IQR, 11.1 to 20.8] vs. 21.2 ng/mL [IQR, 13.9 to 24.8], P=0.012, respectively). Patients in the MIBI (+) group had larger tumor volumes, but lower iPTH/volume ratios than those in the MIBI (–) group (1,216.66 [IQR, 513.40 to 2,663.02], 499.82 mm3 [IQR, 167.77 to 1,229.80], P=0.002; 0.18 [IQR, 0.08 to 0.46], 0.40 pg/mL/mm3 [IQR, 0.16 to 1.29], P=0.016, respectively). Adenoma radioactivity was positively correlated with calcium, iPTH, and volume (r=0.180, P=0.020; r=0.208, P=0.006; r=0.288, P<0.001, respectively), but not with iPTH/volume.
Conclusion
Parathyroid adenomas with positive MIBI scans had larger volumes and higher iPTH than adenomas with negative scans, but lower iPTH per unit volume.

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  • Protein Signatures of Parathyroid Adenoma according to Tumor Volume and Functionality
    Sung Hye Kong, Jeong Mo Bae, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Dohyun Han, Chan Soo Shin
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(2): 375.     CrossRef
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    Yeon-Hee Han, Hwan-Jeong Jeong, Sun Young Lee, Seok Tae Lim
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    Antonio Giulio Napolitano, Massimo Monacelli, Valeria Liparulo, Eleonora Coviello, Domenico Pourmolkara, Stefano Avenia, Andrea Polistena
    Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(2): 76.     CrossRef
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    Guler Silov, Serpil Erdogan Ozbodur
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Close layer
Adrenal gland
Diagnosis for Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: A Joint Position Statement of the Korean Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Task Force
Eu Jeong Ku, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Chang Ho Ahn, Kyung Ae Lee, Seung Hun Lee, You-Bin Lee, Kyeong Hye Park, Yun Mi Choi, Namki Hong, A Ram Hong, Sang-Wook Kang, Byung Kwan Park, Moon-Woo Seong, Myungshin Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Chan Kwon Jung, Young Seok Cho, Jin Chul Paeng, Jae Hyeon Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Yumie Rhee, Chong Hwa Kim, Eun Jig Lee
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):322-338.   Published online April 6, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.908
  • 12,817 View
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  • 11 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGLs) are rare catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors but can be life-threatening. Although most PPGLs are benign, approximately 10% have metastatic potential. Approximately 40% cases are reported as harboring germline mutations. Therefore, timely and accurate diagnosis of PPGLs is crucial. For more than 130 years, clinical, molecular, biochemical, radiological, and pathological investigations have been rapidly advanced in the field of PPGLs. However, performing diagnostic studies to localize lesions and detect metastatic potential can be still challenging and complicated. Furthermore, great progress on genetics has shifted the paradigm of genetic testing of PPGLs. The Korean PPGL task force team consisting of the Korean Endocrine Society, the Korean Surgical Society, the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine, the Korean Society of Pathologists, and the Korean Society of Laboratory Medicine has developed this position statement focusing on the comprehensive and updated diagnosis for PPGLs.

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  • A Prospective Comparative Study of 18F-FDOPA PET/CT Versus 123I-MIBG Scintigraphy With SPECT/CT for the Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
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    Seung Shin Park, Chang Ho Ahn, Seunghoo Lee, Woochang Lee, Won Woong Kim, Yu‐Mi Lee, Su Jin Kim, Tae‐Yon Sung, Kyu Eun Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Jung‐Min Koh
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    Kwan Hoon Jo, Jaewoong Lee, Jaeeun Yoo, Hoon Seok Kim, Eun Sook Kim, Je Ho Han, Yi Sun Jang, Jae-Seung Yun, Jang Won Son, Soon Jib Yoo, Seung Hwan Lee, Dong Jun Lim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Seungok Lee, Sungdae Moon, Myungshin Kim
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  • (Extremely rare intrapericardial location of paraganglioma)
    Jaroslav Zajíc, Aleš Mokráček, Ladislav Pešl, Jiří Haniš, Dita Schaffelhoferová
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  • Evaluation and Management of Bone Health in Patients with Thyroid Diseases: a Position Statement from the Korean Thyroid Association
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Close layer
Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland
Best Achievements in Pituitary and Adrenal Diseases in 2020
Chang Ho Ahn, Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(1):51-56.   Published online February 24, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.108
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Significant progress in pituitary and adrenal diseases was made in 2020. This review presents major translational and clinical advances in research on pituitary and adrenal diseases, encompassing their epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical management. We address the controversy regarding the nomenclature of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, omics-based molecular classification of pituitary adenomas, and novel drugs for Cushing’s disease in the field of pituitary diseases. In the field of adrenal diseases, we cover big data-driven epidemiology of adrenal tumors, steroid profiling as a new diagnostic tool, and the utility of scoring systems in the decision-making process of managing primary aldosteronism. This brief article will broaden readers’ understanding of pituitary and adrenal diseases.

Citations

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  • Surgical management and outcomes of spinal metastasis of malignant adrenal tumor: A retrospective study of six cases and literature review
    Xiangzhi Ni, Jing Wang, Jiashi Cao, Kun Zhang, Shuming Hou, Xing Huang, Yuanjin Song, Xin Gao, Jianru Xiao, Tielong Liu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2023 Korean Endocrine Society Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Aldosteronism
    Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 597.     CrossRef
Close layer
Clinical Study
Longitudinal Changes of High Molecular Weight Adiponectin are Associated with Postpartum Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Dong-Hwa Lee, Jung Ah Lim, Jung Hee Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Chul Jang
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(1):114-122.   Published online February 24, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.831
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  • 5 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The influence of serial changes of adipokines on maternal glucose metabolism from pregnancy to postpartum periods in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM) has not been thoroughly explored. We tried to examine the relationship between the serial changes of adipokines and the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) in women with pGDM.
Methods
We longitudinally measured following adipokines: high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), lipocalin-2, and chemerin, during pregnancy, and at 2 months and 3 years after delivery. Based on glucose status at postpartum 3 years, we divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance (GDM-NGT, n=20), impaired glucose tolerance (GDM-IGT, n=23), and GDM-DM (n=22). We analyzed the correlations between adipokines and various metabolic parameters.
Results
Plasma HMW adiponectin levels were not different among the three groups during pregnancy. However, HMW adiponectin levels increased at 3 years after the delivery in women with GDM-NGT compared with women with GDM-DM. In the GDM-IGT group, HMW adiponectin levels increased at 2 months postpartum compared to pregnancy period. In contrast, HMW adiponectin levels showed no alternation after parturition in women with GDM-DM. HMW adiponectin was negatively correlated with body mass index and a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Other adipokines such as RBP-4, lipocalin-2, and chemerin neither showed any differences among the groups nor any significant correlations with 3 years postpartum status of glucose intolerance.
Conclusion
Serial changes of HMW adiponectin are associated with the maintenance of glucose metabolism in women with pGDM after delivery.

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  • Reproductive risk factors across the female lifecourse and later metabolic health
    Amy R. Nichols, Jorge E. Chavarro, Emily Oken
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    Jolanta Lis-Kuberka, Marta Berghausen-Mazur, Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(7): 3853.     CrossRef
  • Chemerin and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target
    Stefano Palomba, Giuseppe Seminara, Flavia Costanzi, Donatella Caserta, Antonio Aversa
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(12): 2859.     CrossRef
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    Huijuan Ruan, Qingya Tang, Xuan Zhao, Yajie Zhang, Xuelin Zhao, Yi Xiang, Wei Geng, Yi Feng, Wei Cai
    Food Science and Human Wellness.2022; 11(5): 1419.     CrossRef
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    Mohd D. Khan, Mohammad K. Ahmad, Roshan Alam, Saba Khan, Geeta Jaiswal, Mohammad M. Khan
    Journal of Diabetology.2022; 13(4): 331.     CrossRef
Close layer
Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland
Corrigendum: Correction of Acknowledgments. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies an Attenuated Local Immune Response in Invasive Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas
Yong Hwy Kim, Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):965.   Published online November 23, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.407
Corrects: Endocrinol Metab 2019;34(3):314
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Close layer
Clinical Study
Identification of Novel Genetic Variants Related to Trabecular Bone Score in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Sung Hye Kong, Ji Won Yoon, Jung Hee Kim, JooYong Park, Jiyeob Choi, Ji Hyun Lee, A Ram Hong, Nam H. Cho, Chan Soo Shin
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):801-810.   Published online November 24, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.735
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
As the genetic variants of trabecular bone microarchitecture are not well-understood, we performed a genome-wide association study to identify genetic determinants of bone microarchitecture analyzed by trabecular bone score (TBS).
Methods
TBS-associated genes were discovered in the Ansung cohort (discovery cohort), a community-based rural cohort in Korea, and then validated in the Gene-Environment Interaction and Phenotype (GENIE) cohort (validation cohort), consisting of subjects who underwent health check-up programs. In the discovery cohort, 2,451 participants were investigated for 1.42 million genotyped and imputed markers.
Results
In the validation cohort, identified as significant variants were evaluated in 2,733 participants. An intronic variant in iroquois homeobox 3 (IRX3), rs1815994, was significantly associated with TBS in men (P=3.74E-05 in the discovery cohort, P=0.027 in the validation cohort). Another intronic variant in mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MAP2K5), rs11630730, was significantly associated with TBS in women (P=3.05E-09 in the discovery cohort, P=0.041 in the validation cohort). Men with the rs1815994 variant and women with the rs11630730 variant had lower TBS and lumbar spine bone mineral density. The detrimental effects of the rs1815994 variant in men and rs11630730 variant in women were also identified in association analysis (β=–0.0281, β=–0.0465, respectively).
Conclusion
In this study, the rs1815994 near IRX3 in men and rs11630730 near MAP2K5 in women were associated with deterioration of the bone microarchitecture. It is the first study to determine the association of genetic variants with TBS. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and identify additional variants contributing to the trabecular bone microarchitecture.

Citations

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  • A novel genetic mouse model of osteoporosis with double heterozygosity of Irx3 and Irx5 characterizes sex-dependent phenotypes in bone homeostasis
    Xinyu Chen, Zhengchao Dou, Joe Eun Son, Meng Duan, Fei Yang, Shankuan Zhu, Chi-Chung Hui
    Bone.2025; 190: 117282.     CrossRef
  • GRAMMAR-Lambda Delivers Efficient Understanding of the Genetic Basis for Head Size in Catfish
    Yunfeng Zhao, Jin Gao, Hong Feng, Li Jiang
    Biology.2025; 14(1): 63.     CrossRef
  • The 14-year cumulative genetic high blood pressure and risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean: observational and Mendelian randomization evidence
    Jooeun Jeon, Keum Ji Jung, Heejin Kimm, Ji-young Lee, Chung-Mo Nam, Sun Ha Jee
    Hypertension Research.2025; 48(4): 1274.     CrossRef
  • Neural EGFL like 1 as a novel gene for Trabecular Bone Score in older adults: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program
    Mohammad Bidkhori, Mahdi Akbarzadeh, Noushin Fahimfar, Mina Jahangiri, Sahar Seddiq, Bagher Larijani, Iraj Nabipour, Mahsa Mohammad Amoli, Nekoo Panahi, Abbas Dehghan, Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni, Afshin Ostovar, Dengshun Miao
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(9): e0309401.     CrossRef
Close layer
Clinical Study
Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel Genetic Alterations in Patients with Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma
Soo Hyun Seo, Jung Hee Kim, Man Jin Kim, Sung Im Cho, Su Jin Kim, Hyein Kang, Chan Soo Shin, Sung Sup Park, Kyu Eun Lee, Moon-Woo Seong
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):909-917.   Published online December 23, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.756
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  • 11 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas (PPGL) are known as tumors with the highest level of heritability, approximately 30% of all cases. Clinical practice guidelines of PPGL recommend genetic testing for germline variants in all patients. In this study, we used whole exome sequencing to identify novel causative variants associated with PPGL to improve the detection of rare genetic variants in our cohort.
Methods
Thirty-six tested negative for pathogenic variants in previous Sanger sequencing or targeted gene panel testing for PPGL underwent whole exome sequencing. Whole exome sequencing was performed using DNA samples enriched using TruSeq Custom Enrichment Kit and sequenced with MiSeq (Illumina Inc.). Sequencing alignment and variant calling were performed using SAMtools.
Results
Among previously mutation undetected 36 patients, two likely pathogenic variants and 13 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were detected in 32 pheochromocytoma-related genes. SDHA c.778G>A (p.Gly260Arg) was detected in a patient with head and neck paraganglioma, and KIF1B c.2787-2A>C in a patient with a bladder paraganglioma. Additionally, a likely pathogenic variant in BRCA2, VUS in TP53, and VUS in NFU1 were detected.
Conclusion
Exome sequencing further identified genetic alterations by 5.6% in previously mutation undetected patients in PPGL. Implementation of targeted gene sequencing consisted of extended genes of PPGL in routine clinical screening can support the level of comprehensive patient assessment.

Citations

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  • Patient Sex and Origin Influence Distribution of Driver Genes and Clinical Presentation of Paraganglioma
    Susan Richter, Nicole Bechmann
    Journal of the Endocrine Society.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Germline Mutations and Phenotypic Associations in Korean Patients With Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: A Multicenter Study and Literature Review
    Kwan Hoon Jo, Jaewoong Lee, Jaeeun Yoo, Hoon Seok Kim, Eun Sook Kim, Je Ho Han, Yi Sun Jang, Jae-Seung Yun, Jang Won Son, Soon Jib Yoo, Seung Hwan Lee, Dong Jun Lim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Seungok Lee, Sungdae Moon, Myungshin Kim
    Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2024; 44(6): 591.     CrossRef
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    Beatrice Melli, Vincenza Cusenza, Sandra Martinelli, Federica Castiglione, Loretta Fornaciari, Andrea Palicelli, Luca Braglia, Enrico Farnetti, Aurelio Negro, Simonetta Rosato, Andrea Frasoldati, Maicol Baldini, Chiara Grasselli, Davide Nicoli
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    Lucie Landen, Anne De Leener, Manon Le Roux, Bénédicte Brichard, Selda Aydin, Dominique Maiter, Philippe A. Lysy
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    Rozalyn L. Rodwin, Sanyukta K. Janardan, Erin W. Hofstatter, Nina S. Kadan-Lottick
    Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology.2022; 44(2): e585.     CrossRef
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    Chik Hong Kuick, Jia Ying Tan, Deborah Jasmine, Tohari Sumanty, Alvin Y. J. Ng, Byrrappa Venkatesh, Huiyi Chen, Eva Loh, Sudhanshi Jain, Wan Yi Seow, Eileen H. Q. Ng, Derrick W. Q. Lian, Shui Yen Soh, Kenneth T. E. Chang, Zhi Xiong Chen, Amos H. P. Loh
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    Masahiro Nezu, Yosuke Hirotsu, Kenji Amemiya, Miho Katsumata, Tomomi Watanabe, Soichi Takizawa, Masaharu Inoue, Hitoshi Mochizuki, Kyoko Hosaka, Toshio Oyama, Masao Omata
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    Eu Jeong Ku, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Chang Ho Ahn, Kyung Ae Lee, Seung Hun Lee, You-Bin Lee, Kyeong Hye Park, Yun Mi Choi, Namki Hong, A Ram Hong, Sang-Wook Kang, Byung Kwan Park, Moon-Woo Seong, Myungshin Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Chan
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(2): 322.     CrossRef
  • Recurrent Germline Mutations of CHEK2 as a New Susceptibility Gene in Patients with Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas
    Yinjie Gao, Chao Ling, Xiaosen Ma, Huiping Wang, Yunying Cui, Min Nie, Anli Tong, Dario De Biase
    International Journal of Endocrinology.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
Close layer
Clinical Study
Stimulated Salivary Cortisol as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool for Adrenal Insufficiency
Yoon Ji Kim, Jung Hee Kim, A Ram Hong, Kyeong Seon Park, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Seong Yeon Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):628-635.   Published online September 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.707
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  • 241 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
  • 18 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Salivary cortisol is routinely used as a diagnostic test for Cushing syndrome. The diagnostic use of salivary cortisol for adrenal insufficiency (AI), however, is less established. We aimed to investigate the utility of morning basal and adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated salivary cortisol in diagnosing AI in Korean adults.
Methods
We prospectively included 120 subjects (female, n=70) from Seoul National University Hospital. AI was defined as a stimulated serum cortisol level of <496.8 nmol/L during the short Synacthen test (SST). Serum and saliva samples were drawn between 8:00 AM and 10:00 AM. Salivary cortisol levels were measured using an enzyme immunoassay kit.
Results
Thirty-four patients were diagnosed with AI according to the SST results. Age, sex, body mass index, serum albumin levels, and serum creatinine levels did not significantly differ between the normal and AI groups. Basal and stimulated salivary cortisol levels were positively correlated with basal (r=0.538) and stimulated serum cortisol levels (r=0.750), respectively (all P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded a cutoff level of morning basal salivary cortisol of 3.2 nmol/L (sensitivity, 84.9%; specificity, 73.5%; area under the curve [AUC]=0.822). The optimal cutoff value of stimulated salivary cortisol was 13.2 nmol/L (sensitivity, 90.7%; specificity, 94.1%; AUC=0.959). Subjects with a stimulated salivary cortisol level above 13.2 nmol/L but a stimulated serum cortisol level below 496.8 nmol/L (n=2) had lower serum albumin levels than those showing a concordant response.
Conclusion
The diagnostic performance of stimulated salivary cortisol measurements after the SST was comparable to serum cortisol measurements for diagnosing AI.

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Miscellaneous
Encountering COVID-19 as Endocrinologists
Eun-Jung Rhee, Jung Hee Kim, Sun Joon Moon, Won-Young Lee
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):197-205.   Published online June 23, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.197
  • 15,392 View
  • 312 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The world is entering an era of disaster and chaos due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Since its first emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has swept through Asia and propagated throughout the world to Europe and North America. As of April 13, 1,773,084 people were infected and 111,652 people had died from COVID-19 globally, and new record levels of infection are being reported every day. Based on the data that have been amassed so far, the primary risk factors for a severe disease course or even mortality from COVID-19 are underlying diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. As the global prevalence of diabetes continues to increase, patients with endocrine diseases such as diabetes mellitus and those who are on long-term corticosteroid therapy due to adrenal insufficiency or hypopituitarism are at risk for a poor prognosis of COVID-19. As endocrinologists, we would like to briefly review the current knowledge about the relationship between COVID-19 and endocrine diseases and to discuss what we can do for the safety and health of our patients with endocrine diseases in this globally threatening situation.

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    İbrahim Mert Erbaş, İrem Ceren Erbaş, Gözde Akın Kağızmanlı, Kübra Yüksek Acinikli, Özge Besci, Korcan Demir, Ece Böber, Nurşen Belet, Ayhan Abacı
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Close layer
Miscellaneous
Diagnosis and Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Position Statement from Korean Endocrine Society and Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology
Jung Hee Kim, Hyun Wook Chae, Sang Ouk Chin, Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyeong Hye Park, Dong Jun Lim, Kwang Joon Kim, Jung Soo Lim, Gyuri Kim, Yun Mi Choi, Seong Hee Ahn, Min Ji Jeon, Yul Hwangbo, Ju Hee Lee, Bu Kyung Kim, Yong Jun Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Seong-Su Moon, Hwa Young Ahn, Hoon Sung Choi, Sang Mo Hong, Dong Yeob Shin, Ji A Seo, Se Hwa Kim, Seungjoon Oh, Sung Hoon Yu, Byung Joon Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Sung-Woon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Eun Jig Lee
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):272-287.   Published online June 24, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.272
  • 14,834 View
  • 573 Download
  • 23 Web of Science
  • 25 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is caused by congenital or acquired causes and occurs in childhood or adulthood. GH replacement therapy brings benefits to body composition, exercise capacity, skeletal health, cardiovascular outcomes, and quality of life. Before initiating GH replacement, GH deficiency should be confirmed through proper stimulation tests, and in cases with proven genetic causes or structural lesions, repeated GH stimulation testing is not necessary. The dosing regimen of GH replacement therapy should be individualized, with the goal of minimizing side effects and maximizing clinical improvements. The Korean Endocrine Society and the Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology have developed a position statement on the diagnosis and treatment of GH deficiency. This position statement is based on a systematic review of evidence and expert opinions.

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    Endocrines.2023; 4(1): 169.     CrossRef
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    Sang Hee Park, Yun Jeong Lee, Jung-Eun Cheon, Choong Ho Shin, Hae Woon Jung, Young Ah Lee
    Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 28(2): 107.     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention.2023; 19: 200221.     CrossRef
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Close layer
Clinical Study
Low Predictive Value of FRAX Adjusted by Trabecular Bone Score for Osteoporotic Fractures in Korean Women: A Community-Based Cohort Study
Hana Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Min Joo Kim, A Ram Hong, HyungJin Choi, EuJeong Ku, Ji Hyun Lee, Chan Soo Shin, Nam H. Cho
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):359-366.   Published online June 24, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.359
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The value of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and the trabecular bone score (TBS) for assessing osteoporotic fracture risk has not been fully elucidated in Koreans. We conducted this study to clarify the predictive value of FRAX adjusted by TBS for osteoporotic fractures in Korean women.
Methods
After screening 7,192 eligible subjects from the Ansung cohort, 1,165 women aged 45 to 76 years with available bone mineral density (BMD) and TBS data were enrolled in this study. We assessed their clinical risk factors for osteoporotic fractures and evaluated the predictive value of FRAX with or without BMD and TBS.
Results
During the mean follow-up period of 7.5 years, 99 (8.5%) women suffered major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) and 28 (2.4%) experienced hip fractures. FRAX without BMD, BMD-adjusted FRAX, and TBS-adjusted FRAX were significantly associated with the risk of MOFs (hazard ratio [HR] per percent increase, 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.14; HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.15; and HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.13, respectively). However, BMD-adjusted FRAX and TBS-adjusted FRAX did not predict MOFs better than FRAX without BMD based on the Harrell’s C statistic. FRAX probabilities showed limited value for predicting hip fractures. The cut-off values of FRAX without BMD, FRAX with BMD, and FRAX with BMD adjusted by TBS for predicting MOFs were 7.2%, 5.0%, and 6.7%, respectively.
Conclusion
FRAX with BMD and TBS adjustment did not show better predictive value for osteoporotic fractures in this study than FRAX without adjustment. Moreover, the cut-off values of FRAX probabilities for treatment might be lower in Korean women than in other countries.

Citations

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    Tzyy-Ling Chuang, Yuh-Feng Wang, Malcolm Koo, Mei-Hua Chuang
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  • Risk of osteoporotic fracture in women using the FRAX tool with and without bone mineral density score in patients followed at a tertiary outpatient clinic ‒ An observational study
    Maria Helena Sampaio Favarato, Maria Flora de Almeida, Arnaldo Lichtenstein, Milton de Arruda Martins, Mario Ferreira Junior
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Close layer
Endocrine Research
Transformation of Mature Osteoblasts into Bone Lining Cells and RNA Sequencing-Based Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Bone during Mechanical Unloading
A Ram Hong, Kwangsoo Kim, Ji Yeon Lee, Jae-Yeon Yang, Jung Hee Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Sang Wan Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):456-469.   Published online June 24, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.456
Correction in: Endocrinol Metab 2021;36(6):1314
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
We investigated RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling and the transformation of mature osteoblasts into bone lining cells (BLCs) through a lineage tracing study to better understand the effect of mechanical unloading on bone loss.
Methods
Dmp1-CreERt2(+):Rosa26R mice were injected with 1 mg of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen three times a week starting at postnatal week 7, and subjected to a combination of botulinum toxin injection with left hindlimb tenotomy starting at postnatal week 8 to 10. The animals were euthanized at postnatal weeks 8, 9, 10, and 12. We quantified the number and thickness of X-gal(+) cells on the periosteum of the right and left femoral bones at each time point.
Results
Two weeks after unloading, a significant decrease in the number and a subtle change in the thickness of X-gal(+) cells were observed in the left hindlimbs compared with the right hindlimbs. At 4 weeks after unloading, the decrease in the thickness was accelerated in the left hindlimbs, although the number of labeled cells was comparable. RNA sequencing analysis showed downregulation of 315 genes in the left hindlimbs at 2 and 4 weeks after unloading. Of these, Xirp2, AMPD1, Mettl11b, NEXN, CYP2E1, Bche, Ppp1r3c, Tceal7, and Gadl1 were upregulated during osteoblastogenic/osteocytic and myogenic differentiation in vitro.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that mechanical unloading can accelerate the transformation of mature osteoblasts into BLCs in the early stages of bone loss in vivo. Furthermore, some of the genes involved in this process may have a pleiotropic effect on both bone and muscle.

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Close layer
Clinical Study
Protein Expression of Cyclin B1, Transferrin Receptor, and Fibronectin Is Correlated with the Prognosis of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
Sun Joon Moon, Jung Hee Kim, Sung Hye Kong, Chan Soo Shin
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(1):132-141.   Published online March 19, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.1.132
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with a variable prognosis. Several prognostic factors of ACC have been previously reported, but a proteomic analysis has not yet been performed. This study aimed to investigate prognostic biomarkers for ACC using a proteomic approach.

Methods

We used reverse-phase protein array data from The Cancer Proteome Atlas, and identified differentially expressed proteins in metastatic ACCs. Multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted by age and staging was used for survival analysis, and the C-index and category-free net reclassification improvement (cfNRI) were utilized to evaluate additive prognostic value.

Results

In 46 patients with ACC, cyclin B1, transferrin receptor (TfR1), and fibronectin were significantly overexpressed in patients with distant metastasis. In multivariate models, high expression of cyclin B1 and TfR1 was significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 6.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 36.7; and HR, 6.59; 95% CI, 1.14 to 38.2; respectively), whereas high fibronectin expression was not (HR, 3.92; 95% CI, 0.75 to 20.4). Combinations of high cyclin B1/high TfR1, high cyclin B1/high fibronectin, and high TfR1/high fibronectin were strongly associated with mortality ([HR, 13.72; 95% CI, 1.89 to 99.66], [HR, 9.22; 95% CI, 1.34 to 63.55], and [HR, 18.59; 95% CI, 2.54 to 135.88], respectively). In reclassification analyses, cyclin B1, TfR1, fibronectin, and combinations thereof improved the prognostic performance (C-index, 0.78 to 0.82–0.86; cfNRI, all P values <0.05).

Conclusion

In ACC patients, the overexpression of cyclin B1, TfR1, and fibronectin and combinations thereof were associated with poor prognosis.

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Close layer
Clinical Study
Epidemiology and Prognosis of Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma in Korea: A Nationwide Study Based on the National Health Insurance Service
Jung Hee Kim, Hyemi Moon, Junghyun Noh, Juneyoung Lee, Sin Gon Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(1):157-164.   Published online March 19, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.1.157
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  • 33 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare endocrine tumors originating from chromaffin cells. PPGLs are associated with a high mortality rate and several complications. To date, no epidemiological studies have been conducted on PPGLs in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and prognosis of PPGLs in Korea using nationwide data.

Methods

Using the National Health Insurance Service Database, subjects with a principal diagnosis of PPGLs on two or more occasions between 2003 and 2014 who satisfied the operational definition of PPGLs were included. Incidence, prevalence, complications, metastasis, and mortality were investigated.

Results

In total, 1048 subjects with a mean age of 47.6±16.1 years were included. There was no sex preponderance. The overall prevalence of PPGLs was 2.13 per 100,000 persons, and the overall age-standardized incidence rate was 0.18 per 100,000 person-years. Malignant PPGLs accounted for 17.7% (185 of 1,048) of cases, and 94 subjects exhibited metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Among initially non-metastatic PPGLs, 9.5% (nine of 954) eventually metastasized after a mean duration of 78.1±41.4 months. The 5-year survival rates for non-metastatic and metastatic PPGLs at diagnosis were 97% and 84%, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for covariates showed that metastatic PPGLs were associated with a 2.40-fold higher risk of mortality than non-metastatic PPGLs (95% confidence interval, 1.38 to 4.17; P=0.002).

Conclusion

PPGLs are rare in Korea, and the prognosis of these endocrine tumors varies depending on whether they are benign or malignant. This epidemiological study paves the way for further research on PPGLs.

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Close layer
Endocrine Research
Transcriptome Analysis Identifies an Attenuated Local Immune Response in Invasive Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas
Yong Hwy Kim, Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2019;34(3):314-322.   Published online September 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2019.34.3.314
Correction in: Endocrinol Metab 2020;35(4):965
  • 6,582 View
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  • 15 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

Invasive nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) remain challenging due to their high complication rate and poor prognosis. We aimed to identify the distinctive molecular signatures of invasive NFPAs, compared with noninvasive NFPAs, using gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing.

Methods

We obtained frozen fresh tissue samples from 14 patients with NFPAs who underwent primary transsphenoidal surgery. Three non-invasive and 11 invasive NFPAs were used for RNA sequencing. The bioinformatics analysis included differential gene expression, gene ontology analysis, and pathway analysis.

Results

A total of 700 genes were differentially expressed (59 up-regulated and 641 down-regulated genes) between invasive and non-invasive NFPAs (false discovery rate <0.1, and |fold change| ≥2). Using the down-regulated genes in invasive NFPAs, gene ontology enrichment analyses and pathway analyses demonstrated that the local immune response was attenuated and that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) RII-initiated TGF-β signaling was down-regulated in invasive NFPAs. The overexpression of claudin-9 (CLDN9) and the down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5), death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) may be related with invasiveness in NFPAs.

Conclusion

Invasive NFPAs harbor different gene expression profiles relative to noninvasive NFPAs. In particular, local suppression of the immune response and TGF-β signaling can make PAs prone to invasiveness.

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Close layer
Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland
Medical Treatment with Somatostatin Analogues in Acromegaly: Position Statement
Sang Ouk Chin, Cheol Ryong Ku, Byung Joon Kim, Sung-Woon Kim, Kyeong Hye Park, Kee Ho Song, Seungjoon Oh, Hyun Koo Yoon, Eun Jig Lee, Jung Min Lee, Jung Soo Lim, Jung Hee Kim, Kwang Joon Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Dae Jung Kim, Kyung Ae Lee, Seong-Su Moon, Dong Jun Lim, Dong Yeob Shin, Se Hwa Kim, Min Jeong Kwon, Ha Young Kim, Jin Hwa Kim, Dong Sun Kim, Chong Hwa Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2019;34(1):53-62.   Published online March 21, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2019.34.1.53
  • 9,372 View
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   

The Korean Endocrine Society (KES) published clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acromegaly in 2011. Since then, the number of acromegaly cases, publications on studies addressing medical treatment of acromegaly, and demands for improvements in insurance coverage have been dramatically increasing. In 2017, the KES Committee of Health Insurance decided to publish a position statement regarding the use of somatostatin analogues in acromegaly. Accordingly, consensus opinions for the position statement were collected after intensive review of the relevant literature and discussions among experts affiliated with the KES, and the Korean Neuroendocrine Study Group. This position statement includes the characteristics, indications, dose, interval (including extended dose interval in case of lanreotide autogel), switching and preoperative use of somatostatin analogues in medical treatment of acromegaly. The recommended approach is based on the expert opinions in case of insufficient clinical evidence, and where discrepancies among the expert opinions were found, the experts voted to determine the recommended approach.

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Close layer
Adrenal gland
An Ectopic Cortisol-Producing Adrenocortical Adenoma Masquerading as a Liposarcoma in the Pararenal Space
Sunyoung Kang, Seung Shin Park, Jae Hyun Bae, Kyu Eun Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Chan Soo Shin
Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(3):423-424.   Published online August 14, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.3.423
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Close layer
Body Weight Changes in Obese Women and Menstruation
Jung Hee Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(2):219-220.   Published online June 23, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.2.219
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  • 35 Download
PDFPubReader   
Close layer
Clinical Study
Obesity and Hyperglycemia in Korean Men with Klinefelter Syndrome: The Korean Endocrine Society Registry
Seung Jin Han, Kyung-Soo Kim, Wonjin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Yong-ho Lee, Ji Sun Nam, Ji A Seo, Bu Kyung Kim, Jihyun Lee, Jin Ook Chung, Min-Hee Kim, Tae-Seo Sohn, Han Seok Choi, Seong Bin Hong, Yoon-Sok Chung
Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(4):598-603.   Published online December 20, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.4.598
  • 6,718 View
  • 40 Download
  • 22 Web of Science
  • 20 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity in Korean men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and the associated risk factors for obesity and hyperglycemia.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively from medical records from 11 university hospitals in Korea between 1994 and 2014. Subjects aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosed KS were enrolled. The following parameters were recorded at baseline before treatment: chief complaint, height, weight, fasting glucose level, lipid panel, blood pressure, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, karyotyping patterns, and history of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Results

Data were analyzed from 376 of 544 initially enrolled patients. The rate of the 47 XXY chromosomal pattern was 94.1%. The prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) in Korean men with KS was 42.6%. The testosterone level was an independent risk factor for obesity and hyperglycemia.

Conclusion

Obesity is common in Korean men with KS. Hypogonadism in patients with KS was associated with obesity and hyperglycemia.

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    Karen Reue
    Physiology & Behavior.2017; 176: 174.     CrossRef
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    Parisa Janmohammadi, Gholamreza Mohammadi-Farsani, Hana Arghavani, Mahmoud Arshad, Tayebeh Mokhber
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgical Sciences.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ji Cheol Bae
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2016; 31(4): 535.     CrossRef
Close layer
Clinical Study
Diagnostic Role of Captopril Challenge Test in Korean Subjects with High Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratios
Jung Hee Kim, Kyeong Seon Park, A Ram Hong, Chan Soo Shin, Seong Yeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(2):277-283.   Published online May 13, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.2.277
  • 6,918 View
  • 60 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) begins with aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) measurement followed by confirmative tests. However, the ARR has high false positive rates which led to unnecessary confirmatory tests. Captopril challenge test (CCT) has been used as one of confirmatory tests, but the accuracy of it in the diagnosis of PA is still controversial. We aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of CCT as a post-screening test in PA.

Methods

In a prospective study, we enrolled subjects with suspected PA who had hypertension and ARR >20 (ng/dL)/(ng/mL/hr). Sixty-four patients who underwent both the saline infusion test and the CCT were included.

Results

The diagnostic performance of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) post-CCT was greater than that of ARR post-CCT and ARR pre-CCT in PA (area under the curve=0.956, 0.797, and 0.748, respectively; P=0.001). A cut-off value of 13 ng/dL showed the highest diagnostic odds ratio considering PAC post-CCT at 60 and 90 minutes. A PAC post-CCT of 19 ng/dL had a specificity of 100%, which can be used as a cut-off value for the confirmative test. Determining the diagnostic performance of PAC post-CCT at 90 minutes was sufficient for PA diagnosis. Subjects with PAC post-CCT at 90 minutes <13 ng/dL are less likely to have PA, and those with PAC post-CCT at 90 minutes ≥13 but <19 ng/dL should undergo secondary confirmatory tests.

Conclusion

The CCT test may be a reliable post-screening test to avoid the hospitalization in the setting of falsely elevated ARR screening tests.

Citations

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  • Captopril's influence on Danio rerio embryonic development: Unveiling significant toxic outcomes at environmentally relevant concentrations
    Fernando García-Valdespino, Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez, Selene Elizabeth Herrera-Vázquez, Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
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    Hang Shen, Wenjin Luo, Jinbo Hu, Jun Yang, Ying Song, Xiangjun Chen, Yi Yang, Linqiang Ma, Qingfeng Cheng, Zhihong Wang, Qifu Li, Shumin Yang, Qifu Li, Ying Song, Shumin Yang, Wenwen He, Mei Mei, Jinbo Hu, Suxin Luo, Kangla Liao, Yao Zhang, Yunfeng He, Yi
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    Rui Zhu, Tungalagtamir Shagjaa, Giacomo Rossitto, Brasilina Caroccia, Teresa Maria Seccia, Dario Gregori, Gian Paolo Rossi
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 108(2): 496.     CrossRef
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    Xinyu Liu, Chao Guo, Jin Bian, Sufang Hao, Ying Lou, Huimin Zhang, Xianliang Zhou, Jun Cai, Wenjun Ma
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ying Song, Shumin Yang, Wenwen He, Jinbo Hu, Qingfeng Cheng, Yue Wang, Ting Luo, Linqiang Ma, Qianna Zhen, Suhua Zhang, Mei Mei, Zhihong Wang, Hua Qing, Dennis Bruemmer, Bin Peng, Qifu Li
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    Won-Young Lee
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(1): 62.     CrossRef
  • Optimal follow-up strategies for adrenal incidentalomas: reappraisal of the 2016 ESE-ENSAT guidelines in real clinical practice
    A Ram Hong, Jung Hee Kim, Kyeong Seon Park, Kyong Young Kim, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung Hye Kong, Seo Young Lee, Chan Soo Shin, Sang Wan Kim, Seong Yeon Kim
    European Journal of Endocrinology.2017; 177(6): 475.     CrossRef
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Close layer
Clinical Study
Radiographic Characteristics of Adrenal Masses in Oncologic Patients
Ji Hyun Lee, Eun Ky Kim, A Ram Hong, Eun Roh, Jae Hyun Bae, Jung Hee Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Seong Yeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(1):147-152.   Published online March 16, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.1.147
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  • 52 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

We aimed to assess the usefulness of pre-contrast Hounsfield unit (HU) and mass size on computed tomography to differentiate adrenal mass found incidentally in oncologic patients.

Methods

From 2000 to 2012, 131 oncologic patients with adrenal incidentaloma were reviewed retrospectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to determine the optimal cut-off value of the mean HU and size for detecting adrenal metastasis.

Results

The median age was 18 years, and 80 patients were male. The initial mass size was 18 mm, and 71 (54.2%) of these were on the left side. A bilateral adrenal mass was found in 11 patients (8.4%). Biochemically functional masses were observed in 9.2% of patients. Thirty-six out of 119 patients with nonfunctional masses underwent adrenalectomy, which revealed metastasis in 13. The primary cancers were lung cancer (n=4), renal cell carcinoma (n=2), lymphoma (n=2), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=2), breast cancer (n=1), and others (n=2). The area under the curve for the size and HU for clinically suspicious metastasis were 0.839 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.761 to 0.900; P<0.001) and 0.959 (95% CI, 0.898 to 0.988; P<0.001), respectively. The cut-off value to distinguish between metastasis and benign masses were 22 mm for size and 20 for HU.

Conclusion

ROC curve results suggest that pre-contrast HU >20 can be used as a diagnostic reference to suggest metastasis in oncologic patients with adrenal masses.

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  • Risk of malignancy in adrenal tumors in patients with a history of cancer
    Radosław Samsel, Karolina Nowak, Lucyna Papierska, Edyta Karpeta, Katarzyna Roszkowska-Purska, Wacław Smiertka, Tomasz Ostrowski, Eryk Chrapowicki, Alan Grabowski, Dorota Leszczyńska, Andrzej Cichocki
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mio Yanagisawa, Dania G. Malik, Thomas W. Loehfelm, Ghaneh Fananapazir, Michael T. Corwin, Michael J. Campbell
    World Journal of Surgery.2020; 44(7): 2282.     CrossRef
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    Kyeong‐Hyeon Byeon, Yun‐Sok Ha, Seock‐Hwan Choi, Bum Soo Kim, Hyun Tae Kim, Eun Sang Yoo, Tae Gyun Kwon, Jun Nyung Lee, Tae‐Hwan Kim
    Journal of Surgical Oncology.2018; 118(8): 1271.     CrossRef
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    Chaan S. Ng, Emre Altinmakas, Wei Wei, Payel Ghosh, Xiao Li, Elizabeth G. Grubbs, Nancy A. Perrier, Victor G. Prieto, Jeffrey E. Lee, Brian P. Hobbs
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    A Ram Hong, Jung Hee Kim, Kyeong Seon Park, Kyong Young Kim, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung Hye Kong, Seo Young Lee, Chan Soo Shin, Sang Wan Kim, Seong Yeon Kim
    European Journal of Endocrinology.2017; 177(6): 475.     CrossRef
Close layer
Adrenal gland
Limited Diagnostic Utility of Plasma Adrenocorticotropic Hormone for Differentiation between Adrenal Cushing Syndrome and Cushing Disease
A Ram Hong, Jung Hee Kim, Eun Shil Hong, I Kyeong Kim, Kyeong Seon Park, Chang Ho Ahn, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Seong Yeon Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(3):297-304.   Published online August 4, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.3.297
  • 6,700 View
  • 82 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Measurement of the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level has been recommended as the first diagnostic test for differentiating between ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome (CS) and ACTH-dependent CS. When plasma ACTH values are inconclusive, a differential diagnosis of CS can be made based upon measurement of the serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) level and results of the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDST). The aim of this study was to assess the utility of plasma ACTH to differentiate adrenal CS from Cushing' disease (CD) and compare it with that of the HDST results and serum DHEA-S level.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, multicenter study from January 2000 to May 2012 involving 92 patients with endogenous CS. The levels of plasma ACTH, serum cortisol, 24-hour urine free cortisol (UFC) after the HDST, and serum DHEA-S were measured.

Results

Fifty-seven patients had adrenal CS and 35 patients had CD. The area under the curve of plasma ACTH, serum DHEA-S, percentage suppression of serum cortisol, and UFC after HDST were 0.954, 0.841, 0.950, and 0.997, respectively (all P<0.001). The cut-off values for plasma ACTH, percentage suppression of serum cortisol, and UFC after HDST were 5.3 pmol/L, 33.3%, and 61.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma ACTH measurement were 84.2% and 94.3%, those of serum cortisol were 95.8% and 90.6%, and those of UFC after the HDST were 97.9% and 96.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

Significant overlap in plasma ACTH levels was seen between patients with adrenal CS and those with CD. The HDST may be useful in differentiating between these forms of the disease, especially when the plasma ACTH level alone is not conclusive.

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Close layer
Obesity and Metabolism
Mitochondrial Complexes I and II Are More Susceptible to Autophagy Deficiency in Mouse β-Cells
Min Joo Kim, Ok Kyong Choi, Kyung Sil Chae, Min Kyeong Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Masaaki Komatsu, Keiji Tanaka, Hakmo Lee, Sung Soo Chung, Soo Heon Kwak, Young Min Cho, Kyong Soo Park, Hye Seung Jung
Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(1):65-70.   Published online March 27, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.1.65
  • 5,485 View
  • 45 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Damaged mitochondria are removed by autophagy. Therefore, impairment of autophagy induces the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction in most mammalian cells. Here, we investigated mitochondrial function and the expression of mitochondrial complexes in autophagy-related 7 (Atg7)-deficient β-cells.

Methods

To evaluate the effect of autophagy deficiency on mitochondrial function in pancreatic β-cells, we isolated islets from Atg7F/F:RIP-Cre+ mice and wild-type littermates. Oxygen consumption rate and intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) content were measured. The expression of mitochondrial complex genes in Atg7-deficient islets and in β-TC6 cells transfected with siAtg7 was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Baseline oxygen consumption rate of Atg7-deficient islets was significantly lower than that of control islets (P<0.05). Intracellular ATP content of Atg7-deficient islets during glucose stimulation was also significantly lower than that of control islets (P<0.05). By Oxygraph-2k analysis, mitochondrial respiration in Atg7-deficient islets was significantly decreased overall, although state 3 respiration and responses to antimycin A were unaffected. The mRNA levels of mitochondrial complexes I, II, III, and V in Atg7-deficient islets were significantly lower than in control islets (P<0.05). Down-regulation of Atg7 in β-TC6 cells also reduced the expression of complexes I and II, with marginal significance (P<0.1).

Conclusion

Impairment of autophagy in pancreatic β-cells suppressed the expression of some mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. Among the complexes, I and II seem to be most vulnerable to autophagy deficiency.

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Close layer
Adrenal gland
Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cushing's Disease in Korea
Kyu Yeon Hur, Jung Hee Kim, Byung Joon Kim, Min-Seon Kim, Eun Jig Lee, Sung-Woon Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(1):7-18.   Published online March 27, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.1.7
  • 10,680 View
  • 241 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 16 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare disorder characterized by the overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone due to a pituitary adenoma that ultimately stimulates excessive cortisol secretion from the adrenal glands. Prior to the detection of pituitary adenomas, various clinical signs of CD such as central obesity, moon face, hirsutism, and facial plethora are usually already present. Uncontrolled hypercortisolism is associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological disorders that result in increased mortality. Hence, the early detection and treatment of CD are not only important but mandatory. Because its clinical manifestations vary from patient to patient and are common in other obesity-related conditions, the precise diagnosis of CD can be problematic. Thus, the present set of guidelines was compiled by Korean experts in this field to assist clinicians with the screening, diagnoses, and treatment of patients with CD using currently available tests and treatment modalities.

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Characterization of Incidentally Detected Adrenal Pheochromocytoma.
Ye An Kim, Yul Hwangbo, Min Joo Kim, Hyung Jin Choi, Je Hyun Seo, Yenna Lee, Soo Heun Kwak, Eu Jeong Ku, Tae Jung Oh, Eun Roh, Jae Hyun Bae, Jung Hee Kim, Kyoung Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(2):132-137.   Published online June 20, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.2.132
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
In approach to an adrenal incidentaloma, early exclusion of pheochromocytoma is clinically important, due to the risk of catecholamine crisis. The aims of this study are to investigate the characteristics of incidentally detected pheochromocytomas, compared with that of the other adrenal incidentalomas, and to compare these characteristics with those of symptomatic pheochromocytomas. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 198 patients with adrenal incidentaloma from 2001 to 2010. We analyzed the clinical, laboratory and radiological data of pheochromocytomas, in comparison with those of the other adrenal incidentalomas. We also compared the characteristics of these incidentally detected pheochromocytomas with the medical records of 28 pathologically proven pheochromocytomas, diagnosed based on typical symptoms. RESULTS: Among the 198 patients with adrenal incidentaloma, nineteen patients were diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytomas showed larger size and higher Hounsfield unit at precontrast computed tomography (CT) than did non-pheochromocytomas. All pheochromocytomas were larger than 2.0 cm, and the Hounsfield units were 19 or higher in precontrast CT. When both criteria of size > 2.0 cm and Hounsfield unit > 19 were met, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma were 100% and 79.3%, respectively. Compared with patients with pheochromocytoma, diagnosed based on typical symptoms, patients with incidentally detected pheochromocytoma were older, presented less often with hypertension, and showed lower levels of 24-hour urine metanephrine. CONCLUSION: Adrenal incidentaloma with < 2.0 cm in size or < or = 19 Hounsfield units in precontrast CT imaging was less likely to be a pheochromocytoma. Patients with incidentally discovered pheochromocytoma showed lower catecholamine metabolites, compared with those patients with symptomatic pheochromocytoma.

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  • Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentaloma: the Korean Endocrine Society, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines
    Jung-Min Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Koh, Bo-Yeon Kim, Sang-Wan Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Hae-Jin Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Juri Park, Jung-Soo Lim, Seong Yeon Kim, Young Kee Shong, Soon Jib Yoo
    The Korean Journal of Medicine.2017; 92(1): 4.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentaloma
    Jung-Min Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Koh, Bo-Yeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Juri Park, Jung Soo Lim, Seong Yeon Kim, Young Kee Shong, Soon Jib Yoo
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(2): 200.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of Incidentally Detected Adrenal Pheochromocytoma
    Soon Jib Yoo, Woohyeon Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2012; 27(2): 116.     CrossRef
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Primary Hyperaparathyroidism due to Cystic Parathyroid Adenoma not Detected on 99mTc-Sestamibi Scan.
Ah Reum Khang, Eun Ki Kim, Eun Young Nam, Sun Ju Byeon, Jung Hee Kim, Jung Hun Ohn, Eun Shil Hong, Hyung Jin Choi, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Myung Whun Sung, Chan Soo Shin, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(1):83-88.   Published online March 1, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.1.83
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Parathyroid cysts, which can be divided into functional and non-functional cysts, are rare causes of primary hyperparathyroidism. A technetium-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-sestamibi) parathyroid scan is a sensitive diagnostic tool for the localization, although it sometimes shows a false-negative result. Here we report a case of presumed cystic parathyroid adenoma based on clinical findings and analysis of cystic fluid with negative findings in a parathyroid scan. A 44-year-old male patient visited the hospital due to leg pain and compressive symptoms (dysphagia, hoarseness) that had started 4-5 months before. His serum calcium level was 14.4 mg/dL and his intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) had increased to 478.1 pg/mL. On neck computed tomography, a cystic nodule measuring 6.2 cm was detected in the inferior part of the right thyroid gland. Sestamibi uptake for this nodule was not detected on 2-h delayed imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed only subtle uptake. Fine-needle aspiration was performed and intracystic iPTH had increased to 61,600 pg/mL. Focused parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative iPTH monitoring led to successful enucleation of the right inferior parathyroid gland. A parathyroid adenoma was confirmed, and his laboratory results had normalized. This study shows that cystic parathyroid adenoma can sometimes be difficult to detect on a 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid scan.

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  • Functional parathyroid cystic adenoma: A rare cause of hypercalcemic crisis with primary hyperparathyroidism
    BS Sumana, M Sabaretnam, Vijaya Sarathi, Akshatha Savith
    Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.2015; 58(4): 487.     CrossRef
  • Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: long-term follow-up associated with multiple adenomas
    Larissa Pimentel, Sirley Portela, Alyne Loureiro, Francisco Bandeira
    Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia.2014; 58(5): 583.     CrossRef
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A Case Report of Bilateral Adrenocortical Carcinoma Complicated by Adrenal Insufficiency.
Min Joo Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Tae Young Kim, Sang Wan Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):243-247.   Published online September 1, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.243
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Adrenocortical carcinoma is often functional and presents with signs and symptoms of adrenal steroid hormone excess. Adrenal insufficiency secondary to bilateral adrenocortical carcinoma is a particularly rare complication. We recently encountered a case of bilateral adrenocortical carcinoma complicated by adrenal insufficiency. A 52-year-old male was transferred to this hospital complaining of general weakness and weight loss. A bilateral adrenal mass was detected on abdomen CT. Plasma cortisol and aldosterone failed to rise during the rapid ACTH stimulation test. The CT-guided adrenal biopsy revealed findings consistent with adrenocortical carcinoma. Left hemiparesis was developed and brain metastasis was detected via brain MRI. Despite the application of gamma knife surgery and chemotherapy, the disease progressed and the patient died.

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  • Bilateral Adrenocortical Carcinoma Presenting as Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
    Anshita Aggarwal, Aprajita Verma, Aparajita Roy, Bindu Kulshreshtha
    European Endocrinology.2020; 16(2): 172.     CrossRef
  • A Case of Bilateral ACTH-independent Adrenal Adenomas with Cushing's Syndrome Treated by Ipsilateral Total and Contralateral Partial Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
    Seung Ah Park, Dong min Jung, Soon young Kim, Nan Young Choi, Tae-jun Kim, Yong kyun Kim, Seong kyun Na, Chul Sik Kim, Seong Jin Lee, Sung-Hee Ihm, Jun Goo Kang
    The Korean Journal of Obesity.2013; 22(4): 254.     CrossRef
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Association of the Parathyroid Adenoma Volume and the Biochemical Parameters in Primary Hyperparathyroidism.
Yul Hwang-Bo, Jung Hee Kim, Jee Hyun An, Eun Shil Hong, Jung Hun Ohn, Eun Ky Kim, Ah Reum Khang, Sun Wook Cho, Do Joon Park, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Bo Youn Cho, Chan Soo Shin
Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(1):62-66.   Published online March 1, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.1.62
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between the volume of a parathyroid adenoma and the preoperative biochemical parameters in patients undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: The medical records of 68 patients who underwent a parathyroidectomy for a single parathyroid adenoma were retrospectively reviewed. The volume of the adenoma was estimated using its measured size and a mathematical formula. The correlation between the volume of the parathyroid adenoma and the preoperative laboratory data was assessed. RESULTS: There were no correlations between the estimated volume of the adenoma and the serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels. However, the volume of the adenoma was associated with the preoperative level of serum phosphorus. After excluding 5 adenomas with cystic degeneration, a positive correlation was noted between the adenoma volume and the preoperative levels of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone. CONCLUSION: The preoperative serum levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone are of limited use to predict the volume of the parathyroid adenoma in patients with a single parathyroid adenoma. We suggest that the absence of a correlation between the volume of the adenoma and the biochemical parameters can be attributed to the cystic degeneration of the adenomas.

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  • Differentiating pathologic parathyroid glands from thyroid nodules on neck ultrasound: the PARATH-US cross-sectional study
    Dolly Yazgi, Carine Richa, Sylvie Salenave, Peter Kamenicky, Amel Bourouina, Lorraine Clavier, Margot Dupeux, Jean-François Papon, Jacques Young, Philippe Chanson, Luigi Maione
    The Lancet Regional Health - Europe.2023; 35: 100751.     CrossRef
  • Primer hiperparatiroidide Tc99m-MIBI sintigrafi sonuçlarının biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik bulgular ile ilişkisi
    Seda TURGUT, Ezgi Başak ERDOĞAN
    OSMANGAZİ JOURNAL OF MEDICINE.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Letter: Association of the Parathyroid Adenoma Volume and the Biochemical Parameters in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (Endocrinol Metab 26:62-66, 2011, Yul Hwang-Bo et al.)
    Dong Jin Chung
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(2): 185.     CrossRef
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Clinical Characteristics of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Hypothalamo-Pituitary Involvement.
Eun Shil Hong, Jung Hun Ohn, Jung Hee Kim, Yul Hwang-Bo, Jin Joo Kim, Jung Hee Kwon, Jung Won Lee, Se Youn Choi, Eun Kyung Lee, Sun Wook Cho, Chan Soo Shin, Kyong Soo Park, Hak Chul Jang, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang, Seong Yeon Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(1):38-43.   Published online March 1, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.1.38
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that involves a clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. LCH has a predilection for hypothalamo-pituitary axis (HPA) dysfunction, and this leads to diabetes insipidus (DI) and/or anterior pituitary dysfunction. Here, we describe the endocrine dysfunction and clinical characteristics of adult patients with LCH and we analyzed the differences between an adult-onset type and a childhood-onset type. METHODS: The data was obtained from a retrospective chart review of the patients with LCH that involved the HPA and who attended Seoul National University Hospital. The patients were classified into the adult-onset type (age at the time of diagnosis > or = 16) and the childhood-onset type (age at the time of diagnosis < or = 15). RESULTS: Ten patients (9 males and 1 female) were diagnosed with LCH involving the HPA. Five patients were classified as an adultonset type and the other five patients were classified as a childhood-onset type. The median follow-up duration was 6 (3-12) years for the adult-onset type and 16 (15-22) years for the childhood-onset type. All the patients presented with DI as the initial manifestation of HPA involvement. Four adult-onset patients and three childhood-onset patients had a multi-system disease. Panhypopituitarism developed in three adult-onset patients and in one childhood-onset patient. The pituitary lesion of the three adult-onset patients had spread to the brain during the follow-up duration. In contrast, the pituitary lesion of the other two adult-onset patients without panhypopituitarism and all the childhood-onset patients had not changed. CONCLUSION: DI was the initial presentation symptom of HPA involvement. Anterior pituitary hormone deficiency followed in some patients. Compared with the childhood-onset patients, the adult-onset patients were more likely to have panhypopituitarism and a poor prognosis.

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  • Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in an Adult Male Presenting with Central Diabetes Insipidus and Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
    Yeun Seoung Choi, Jung Soo Lim, Woocheol Kwon, Soon-Hee Jung, Il Hwan Park, Myoung Kyu Lee, Won Yeon Lee, Suk Joong Yong, Seok Jeong Lee, Ye-Ryung Jung, Jiwon Choi, Ji Sun Choi, Joon Taek Jeong, Jin Sae Yoo, Sang-Ha Kim
    Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2015; 78(4): 463.     CrossRef
  • Adult Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting with Central Diabetes Insipidus Successfully Treated with Chemotherapy
    Jung-Eun Choi, Hae Ri Lee, Jung Hun Ohn, Min Kyong Moon, Juri Park, Seong Jin Lee, Moon-Gi Choi, Hyung Joon Yoo, Jung Han Kim, Eun-Gyoung Hong
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(3): 394.     CrossRef
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A Case of Adrenal Insufficiency Associated with Antiphopholipid Syndrome with SLE.
Sun Hye Shin, Jung Hee Kim, Jung Min Son, Jeong Su Kim, Min Ah Na, Yang Ho Kang, Ok Nyu Kong, Seok Dong Yoo, Seok Man Son, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim
J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(5):542-545.   Published online October 1, 2004
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is autoimmune disease that often develops antiphopholipid syndrome (APS). Lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies are the hallmarks of APS. The hypercoagulable state in APS may lead to adrenal vein thrombosis, and subsquently lead to hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal gland. Adrenal hemorrhage is a very rare complication of APS. Although there have been some reports about adrenal hemorrhage associated with primary APS, adrenal hemorrhage associated secondary APS in SLE has not yet been reported. We describe the adrenal hemorrhage associated with secondary APS in SLE, and the patient which complained of general weakeness, nausea, vomiting and diffuse abdominal pain. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hemorrhage, of both renal glands, and clinical features and immunological studies were consistent with APS in SLE. The acute adrenal insufficiency was much improved after the patient was treated with glucocorticoids
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A case of bilateral adrenal cortical hyperplasia.
Jung Hee Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim, Kwang Won Kim, Young Kil Choi
J Korean Endocr Soc. 1991;6(1):97-99.   Published online January 1, 2001
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No abstract available.
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Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Risks and Mortality in Patients with Panhypopituitarism: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Seung Shin Park, Hyunmook Jeong, Chang Ho Ahn, Min Jeong Park, Yong Hwy Kim, Kwangsoo Kim, Jung Hee Kim
Received September 12, 2024  Accepted December 16, 2024  Published online February 11, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2176    [Epub ahead of print]
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Background
Panhypopituitarism is a condition of combined deficiency of multiple pituitary hormones, which requires lifelong hormone replacement therapy. Hormone deficiency or inadequate hormone replacement may contribute to cardiovascular disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the burden of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and mortality in patients with panhypopituitarism.
Methods
A total of 5,714 patients with panhypopituitarism were enrolled in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from 2003 to 2020. Panhypopituitarism was defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD- 10) codes for hypopituitarism, pituitary adenoma, or craniopharyngioma and the continuous prescription of thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids. The risks of all-cause mortality, coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), ischemic stroke, and intracranial hemorrhage were compared between patients with panhypopituitarism and age-, sex-, and index year-matched controls.
Results
The mean age of patients with panhypopituitarism and matched controls was 55.1 years, and men accounted for 51.5%. Patients with panhypopituitarism showed significantly higher all-cause mortality compared to matched controls after adjustment for covariates (hazard ratio [HR], 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95 to 2.43 in men and HR, 3.09; 95% CI, 2.78 to 3.44 in women). Additionally, there were higher risks of CAD, HF, ischemic stroke, and intracranial hemorrhage in both sexes, except for CAD in men.
Conclusion
Patients with panhypopituitarism have elevated risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as increased mortality. These risks are particularly prominent for all-cause mortality in women. Therefore, proactive monitoring for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications is required in patients with panhypopituitarism.
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