- Thyroid
- Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Thyroid Cancers: A Review of Current Practice Guidelines
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Min Joo Kim, Jae Hoon Moon, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Song, Kyong Yeun Jung, Ji Ye Lee, Ji-hoon Kim, Kyungsik Kim, Sue K. Park, Young Joo Park
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Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):47-60. Published online February 15, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1937
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- The indolent nature and favorable outcomes associated with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma have prompted numerous prospective studies on active surveillance (AS) and its adoption as an alternative to immediate surgery in managing low-risk thyroid cancer. This article reviews the current status of AS, as outlined in various international practice guidelines. AS is typically recommended for tumors that measure 1 cm or less in diameter and do not exhibit aggressive subtypes on cytology, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis. To determine the most appropriate candidates for AS, factors such as tumor size, location, multiplicity, and ultrasound findings are considered, along with patient characteristics like medical condition, age, and family history. Moreover, shared decision-making, which includes patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life and cost-effectiveness, is essential. During AS, patients undergo regular ultrasound examinations to monitor for signs of disease progression, including tumor growth, extrathyroidal extension, or lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, while AS is a feasible and reliable approach for managing lowrisk thyroid cancer, it requires careful patient selection, effective communication for shared decision-making, standardized follow-up protocols, and a clear definition of disease progression.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- 2023 Update of the Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Nodules
Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park Clinical Thyroidology®.2024; 36(4): 153. CrossRef - Association between exercise habits and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with thyroid cancer: nationwide population-based study
Jiyun Park, Jin-Hyung Jung, Hyunju Park, Young Shin Song, Soo-Kyung Kim, Yong-Wook Cho, Kyungdo Han, Kyung-Soo Kim BMC Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Prediction of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Invasion in Thyroid Cancer by Ultrasound
Jin Hyang Jung, Eunji Kim, Byung Ju Kang Journal of Surgical Ultrasound.2024; 11(1): 18. CrossRef - Advances in clinical research on ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Hua Xu, Jin-yan Yang, Xing Zhao, Zhe Ma Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Systemic therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer with distant metastasis
Eun Kyung Lee Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(7): 484. CrossRef
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Human Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle: A Tool for Metabolic Research
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Ji-Hoon Kim, Seung-Min Yu, Jang Won Son
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(3):408-414. Published online June 29, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.302
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- Skeletal muscle is now regarded as an endocrine organ based on its secretion of myokines and exerkines, which, in response to metabolic stimuli, regulate the crosstalk between the skeletal muscle and other metabolic organs in terms of systemic energy homeostasis. This conceptual basis of skeletal muscle as a metabolically active organ has provided insights into the potential role of physical inactivity and conditions altering muscle quality and quantity in the development of multiple metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, it is important to understand human muscle physiology more deeply in relation to the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. Since monolayer cell lines or animal models used in conventional research differ from the pathophysiological features of the human body, there is increasing need for more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human skeletal muscle. Here, we introduce recent studies on in vitro models of human skeletal muscle generated from adult myogenic progenitors or pluripotent stem cells and summarize recent progress in the development of three-dimensional (3D) bioartificial muscle, which mimics the physiological complexity of native skeletal muscle tissue in terms of maturation and functionality. We then discuss the future of skeletal muscle 3D-organoid culture technology in the field of metabolic research for studying pathological mechanisms and developing personalized therapeutic strategies.
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- Human‐based new approach methodologies to accelerate advances in nutrition research
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- Adrenal gland
- Embryonic Development and Adult Regeneration of the Adrenal Gland
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Ji-Hoon Kim, Man Ho Choi
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Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):765-773. Published online December 23, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.403
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- The adrenal gland plays a pivotal role in an organism’s health span by controlling the endocrine system. Decades of research on the adrenal gland have provided multiscale insights into the development and maintenance of this essential organ. A particularly interesting finding is that founder stem/progenitor cells participate in adrenocortical development and enable the adult adrenal cortex to regenerate itself in response to hormonal stress and injury. Since major advances have been made in understanding the dynamics of the developmental process and the remarkable regenerative capacity of the adrenal gland, understanding the mechanisms underlying adrenal development, maintenance, and regeneration will be of interest to basic and clinical researchers. Here, we introduce the developmental processes of the adrenal gland and discuss current knowledge regarding stem/progenitor cells that regulate adrenal cortex remodeling and regeneration. This review will provide insights into the fascinating ongoing research on the development and regeneration of the adrenal cortex.
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David S. Tourigny, Barbara Altieri, Kerim A. Secener, Silviu Sbiera, Marc P. Schauer, Panagiota Arampatzi, Sabine Herterich, Sascha Sauer, Martin Fassnacht, Cristina L. Ronchi Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.2024; 590: 112272. CrossRef - Aging induces region-specific dysregulation of hormone synthesis in the primate adrenal gland
Qiaoran Wang, Xuebao Wang, Beibei Liu, Shuai Ma, Feng Zhang, Shuhui Sun, Yaobin Jing, Yanling Fan, Yingjie Ding, Muzhao Xiong, Jiaming Li, Qiaocheng Zhai, Yandong Zheng, Chengyu Liu, Gang Xu, Jiayin Yang, Si Wang, Jinlin Ye, Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, Nature Aging.2024; 4(3): 396. CrossRef - Evaluating the role of aldosterone synthesis on adrenal cell fate
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Suphawan Pattamathamakul, Chatuporn Duangkum, Sukanya Chaiyarach, Kiattisak Kongwattanakul, Piyamas Saksiriwuttho, Ratana Komwilaisak, Sathida Chantanavilai, Manasicha Pongsamakthai, Prapassara Sirikarn, Wassan Nori Journal of Pregnancy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Adrenal Dysfunction in Mitochondrial Diseases
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Fatma M. Abdel‐maksoud, Saher Fadl, Ahmed Abou‐Elmagd, Abdelmohaimen M.M. Saleh Microscopy Research and Technique.2023; 86(11): 1461. CrossRef - Interactive metabolic signatures of testicular testosterone with bilateral adrenalectomy in mice
Hae Lim Cho, Ji-Hoon Kim, Seuk-Min Ryu, Jongsung Noh, Sang Won Lee, Man Ho Choi The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2023; 231: 106333. CrossRef - Construction of a novel clinical nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival in patients with primary malignant adrenal tumors: a large population-based retrospective study
Mingzhen Li, Xiaoying Duan, Di You, Linlin Liu Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - The anti-platelet drug cilostazol enhances heart rate and interrenal steroidogenesis and exerts a scant effect on innate immune responses in zebrafish
Wei-Chun Chang, Mei-Jen Chen, Chung-Der Hsiao, Rong-Ze Hu, Yu-Shan Huang, Yu-Fu Chen, Tsai-Hua Yang, Guan-Yi Tsai, Chih-Wei Chou, Ren-Shiang Chen, Yung-Jen Chuang, Yi-Wen Liu, Mohammed Fouad El Basuini PLOS ONE.2023; 18(10): e0292858. CrossRef - Regulation of Morphogenetic Processes during Postnatal Development and Physiological Regeneration of the Adrenal Medulla
S. S. Obernikhin, N. V. Yaglova, E. P. Timokhina, S. V. Nazimova, V. V. Yaglov Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine.2023; 175(4): 549. CrossRef - Distinct HAND2/HAND2-AS1 Expression Levels May Fine-Tune Mesenchymal and Epithelial Cell Plasticity of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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- Miscellaneous
- Corrigendum: Author's Name Correction. Study Protocol of Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro)
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Jae Hoon Moon, Ji-hoon Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Kyu Eun Lee, Sung Hye Kong, Yeo Koon Kim, Woo-Jin Jeong, Chang Yoon Lee, Roh-Eul Yoo, Yul Hwangbo, Young Shin Song, Min Joo Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Su-jin Kim, Eun-Jae Chung, June Young Choi, Chang Hwan Ryu, You Jin Lee, Jeong Hun Hah, Yuh-Seog Jung, Junsun Ryu, Yunji Hwang, Sue K. Park, Ho Kyung Sung, Ka Hee Yi, Do Joon Park, Young Joo Park
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Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(3):427. Published online August 14, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.3.427
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- Invasiveness and Metastatic Aggressiveness in Small Differentiated Thyroid Cancers: Demography of Small Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas in the Swedish Population
Haytham Bayadsi, Martin Bergman, Malin Sund, Joakim Hennings World Journal of Surgery.2020; 44(2): 461. CrossRef - Clinical and pathologic predictors of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinomas
Ling Zhao, Xiaoya Sun, Yukun Luo, Fulin Wang, Zhaohui Lyu Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2020; 49: 151647. CrossRef
- Thyroid
- Study Protocol of Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro)
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Jae Hoon Moon, Ji-hoon Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Kyu Eun Lee, Sung Hye Kong, Yeo Koon Kim, Woo-jin Jung, Chang Yoon Lee, Roh-Eul Yoo, Yul Hwangbo, Young Shin Song, Min Joo Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Su-jin Kim, Eun Jae Jung, June Young Choi, Chang Hwan Ryu, You Jin Lee, Jeong Hun Hah, Yuh-Seog Jung, Junsun Ryu, Yunji Hwang, Sue K. Park, Ho Kyung Sung, Ka Hee Yi, Do Joon Park, Young Joo Park
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Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(2):278-286. Published online June 21, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.2.278
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- Background
The ongoing Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro) aims to observe the natural course of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), develop a protocol for active surveillance (AS), and compare the long-term prognosis, quality of life, and medical costs between the AS and immediate surgery groups. MethodsThis multicenter prospective cohort study of PTMC started in June 2016. The inclusion criteria were suspicious of malignancy or malignancy based on fine needle aspiration or core needle biopsy, age of ≥18 years, and a maximum diameter of ≤1 cm. If there was no major organ involvement, no lymph node/distant metastasis, and no variants with poor prognosis, the patients were explained of the pros and cons of immediate surgery and AS before selecting AS or immediate surgery. Follow-up visits (physical examination, ultrasonography, thyroid function, and questionnaires) are scheduled every 6 months during the first 2 years, and then every 1 year thereafter. Progression was defined as a maximum diameter increase of ≥3, ≥2 mm in two dimensions, suspected organ involvement, or lymph node/distant metastasis. ResultsAmong 439 enrolled patients, 290 patients (66.1%) chose AS and 149 patients (33.9%) chose immediate surgery. The median follow-up was 6.7 months (range, 0.2 to 11.9). The immediate surgery group had a larger maximum tumor diameter, compared to the AS group (7.1±1.9 mm vs. 6.6±2.0 mm, respectively; P=0.014). ConclusionThe results will be useful for developing an appropriate PTMC treatment policy based on its natural course and risk factors for progression.
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