- Thyroid
- The Early Changes in Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulin Bioassay over Anti-Thyroid Drug Treatment Could Predict Prognosis of Graves’ Disease
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Jin Yu, Han-Sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Kwanhoon Jo, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Min Hee Kim, Jungmin Lee, Dong-Jun Lim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(3):338-346. Published online June 9, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1664
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Abstract
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- Background
To determine whether baseline thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) bioassay or its early response upon treatment with an anti-thyroid drug (ATD) can predict prognosis of Graves’ disease (GD) in real-world practice.
Methods This retrospective study enrolled GD patients who had previous ATD treatment with TSI bioassay checked at baseline and at follow-up from April 2010 to November 2019 in one referral hospital. The study population were divided into two groups: patients who experienced relapse or continued ATD (relapse/persistence), and patients who experienced no relapse after ATD discontinuation (remission). The slope and area under the curve at 1st year (AUC1yr) of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies including TSI bioassay and thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) were calculated as differences between baseline and second values divided by time duration (year).
Results Among enrolled 156 study subjects, 74 (47.4%) had relapse/persistence. Baseline TSI bioassay values did not show significant differences between the two groups. However, the relapse/persistence group showed less decremental TSI bioassay in response to ATD than the remission group (–84.7 [TSI slope, –198.2 to 8.2] vs. –120.1 [TSI slope, –204.4 to –45.9], P=0.026), whereas the TBII slope was not significantly different between the two groups. The relapse/persistence group showed higher AUC1yr of TSI bioassay and TBII in the 1st year during ATD treatment than the remission group (AUC1yr for TSI bioassay, P=0.0125; AUC1yr for TBII, P=0.001).
Conclusion Early changes in TSI bioassay can better predict prognosis of GD than TBII. Measurement of TSI bioassay at beginning and follow-up could help predict GD prognosis.
- Calcium & bone metabolism
- Persistence with Denosumab in Male Osteoporosis Patients: A Real-World, Non-Interventional Multicenter Study
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Chaiho Jeong, Jeongmin Lee, Jinyoung Kim, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Yejee Lim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Tae-Seo Sohn, Ki-Ho Song, Moo Il Kang, Ki-Hyun Baek
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Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):260-268. Published online April 27, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1663
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- Background
Persistence with denosumab in male patients has not been adequately investigated, although poor denosumab persistence is associated with a significant risk of rebound vertebral fractures.
Methods We retrospectively evaluated 294 Korean male osteoporosis patients treated with denosumab at three medical centers and examined their persistence with four doses of denosumab injection over 24 months of treatment. Persistence was defined as the extent to which a patient adhered to denosumab treatment in terms of the prescribed interval and dose, with a permissible gap of 8 weeks. For patients who missed their scheduled treatment appointment(s) during the follow-up period (i.e., no-shows), Cox proportional regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors associated with poor adherence. Several factors were considered, such as age, prior anti-osteoporotic drug use, the treatment provider’s medical specialty, the proximity to the medical center, and financial burdens of treatment.
Results Out of 294 male patients, 77 (26.2%) completed all four sequential rounds of the denosumab treatment. Out of 217 patients who did not complete the denosumab treatment, 138 (63.6%) missed the scheduled treatment(s). Missing treatment was significantly associated with age (odds ratio [OR], 1.03), prior bisphosphonate use (OR, 0.76), and prescription by non-endocrinologists (OR, 2.24). Denosumab was stopped in 44 (20.3%) patients due to medical errors, in 24 (11.1%) patients due to a T-score improvement over –2.5, and in five (2.3%) patients due to expected dental procedures.
Conclusion Our study showed that only one-fourth of Korean male osteoporosis patients were fully adherent to 24 months of denosumab treatment.
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- Denosumab
Reactions Weekly.2023; 1963(1): 206. CrossRef
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)
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Han-sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Jin Yu, Joonyub Lee, Yeoree Yang, Jeonghoon Ha, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Hun-Sung Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(6):945-946. Published online December 2, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.602
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[Original]
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- Miscellaneous
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Endocrine Disorders: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
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Hyemi Kwon, Eun Roh, Chang Ho Ahn, Hee Kyung Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyong Yeun Jung, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Heui Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sangmo Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Jun Sung Moon, Jin Hwa Kim, Mi-kyung Kim, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of the Korean Endocrine Society
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(6):839-850. Published online December 26, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1627
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- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 inhibitor, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, and anti-PD-ligand 1 inhibitors are representative therapeutics for various malignancies. In oncology, the application of ICIs is currently expanding to a wider range of malignancies due to their remarkable clinical outcomes. ICIs target immune checkpoints which suppress the activity of T-cells that are specific for tumor antigens, thereby allowing tumor cells to escape the immune response. However, immune checkpoints also play a crucial role in preventing autoimmune reactions. Therefore, ICIs targeting immune checkpoints can trigger various immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially in endocrine organs. Considering the endocrine organs that are frequently involved, irAEs associated endocrinopathies are frequently life-threatening and have unfavorable clinical implications for patients. However, there are very limited data from large clinical trials that would inform the development of clinical guidelines for patients with irAEs associated endocrinopathies. Considering the current clinical situation, in which the scope and scale of the application of ICIs are increasing, position statements from clinical specialists play an essential role in providing the appropriate recommendations based on both medical evidence and clinical experience. As endocrinologists, we would like to present precautions and recommendations for the management of immune-related endocrine disorders, especially those involving the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands caused by ICIs.
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- Pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib for radically unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the Japanese population
Ryo Fujiwara, Takeshi yuasa, kenichi kobayashi, tetsuya yoshida, susumu kageyama Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2023; 23(5): 461. CrossRef
- Calcium & Bone Metabolism
- A Meaningful Journey to Predict Fractures with Deep Learning
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Jeonghoon Ha
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):617-619. Published online August 29, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.403
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- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
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Han-sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Jin Yu, Joonyub Lee, Yeoree Yang, Jeonghoon Ha, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Hun-Sung Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):641-651. Published online August 29, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1501
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- Background
The prevalence of young-onset diabetes (YOD) has been increasing worldwide. As the incidence of YOD increases, it is necessary to determine the characteristics of YOD and the factors that influence its development and associated complications.
Methods In this retrospective study, we recruited patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus between June 2001 and December 2021 at a tertiary hospital. The study population was categorized according to age: YOD (age <40 years), middle-age-onset diabetes (MOD, 40≤ age <65 years), and late-onset diabetes (LOD, age ≥65 years). We examined trends in glycemic control by analyzing fasting glucose levels during the first year in each age group. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to determine the relative risk of developing complications according to glycemic control trends.
Results The fasting glucose level at the time of diagnosis was highest in the YOD group (YOD 149±65 mg/dL; MOD 143±54 mg/dL; and LOD 140±55 mg/dL; p=0.009). In the YOD group, glucose levels decreased at 3 months, but increased by 12 months. YOD patients and those with poor glycemic control in the first year were at a higher risk of developing complications, whereas the risk in patients with LOD was not statistically significant.
Conclusion YOD patients had higher glucose levels at diagnosis, and their glycemic control was poorly maintained. As poor glycemic control can influence the development of complications, especially in young patients, intensive treatment is necessary for patients with YOD.
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- Complications and Treatment of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Fahimeh Soheilipour, Naghmeh Abbasi Kasbi, Mahshid Imankhan, Delaram Eskandari International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)
Han-sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Jin Yu, Joonyub Lee, Yeoree Yang, Jeonghoon Ha, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Hun-Sung Kim Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 945. CrossRef -
ISPAD
Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Management of the child, adolescent, and young adult with diabetes in limited resource settings
Anju Virmani, Stuart J. Brink, Angela Middlehurst, Fauzia Mohsin, Franco Giraudo, Archana Sarda, Sana Ajmal, Julia E. von Oettingen, Kuben Pillay, Supawadee Likitmaskul, Luis Eduardo Calliari, Maria E. Craig Pediatric Diabetes.2022; 23(8): 1529. CrossRef - Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)
May Thu Hla Aye, Sajid Adhi Raja, Vui Heng Chong Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 943. CrossRef
- Calcium & Bone Metabolism
- Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Denosumab in Patients with Osteoporosis: A Prospective, Observational Study in South Korea
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Yumie Rhee, Dong-Gune Chang, Jeonghoon Ha, Sooa Kim, Yusun Lee, Euna Jo, Jung-Min Koh
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(3):497-505. Published online June 3, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1427
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- Background
The efficacy and safety of denosumab have been established in a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This postmarketing surveillance study was aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of denosumab in Korean real-world clinical practice.
Methods Patients with osteoporosis who had received denosumab per the Korean approved indications in the postmarketing setting between September 2014 and September 2019 were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The secondary endpoint was the percent change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck.
Results Of the 3,221 patients enrolled, 3,185 were included in the safety analysis set; 2,973 (93.3%) were female, and the mean± standard deviation (SD) age was 68.9±9.9 years. The mean±SD study period was 350.0±71.4 days. AEs, fatal AEs, and ADRs occurred in 19.3%, 0.8%, and 1.6%, respectively. The most frequent AEs, occurring in >0.5% of patients, were dizziness (0.7%), arthralgia (0.7%), back pain (0.6%), and myalgia (0.6%). Hypocalcemia occurred in 0.3% of patients. There were no cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fracture. Mean±SD percent change from baseline in BMD of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck was 7.3%±23.6%, 3.6%±31.4%, and 3.2%±10.7%, respectively.
Conclusion The safety and effectiveness of denosumab in Korean patients with osteoporosis in this study were comparable with those in the Korean randomized controlled trial, with no new safety findings.
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- Adverse Effects of Denosumab in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A 20-Year Retrospective Single-Center Observation Study in Central Taiwan
Tsung-Yin Tsai, Zi-Hong You, Shang-Feng Tsai, Ming-Ju Wu, Tung-Min Yu, Ya-Wen Chuang, Yung-Chieh Lin, Ya-Lian Deng, Chiann-Yi Hsu, Cheng-Hsu Chen Transplantation Proceedings.2023; 55(4): 837. CrossRef - Persistence with Denosumab in Male Osteoporosis Patients: A Real-World, Non-Interventional Multicenter Study
Chaiho Jeong, Jeongmin Lee, Jinyoung Kim, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Yejee Lim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Tae-Seo Sohn, Ki-Ho Song, Moo Il Kang, Ki-Hyun Baek Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(2): 260. CrossRef - Prevalence of denosumab-induced hypocalcemia: a retrospective observational study of patients routinely monitored with ionized calcium post-injection
Anna Spångeus, Johan Rydetun, Mischa Woisetschläger Osteoporosis International.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Effect of Denosumab on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Comparison with and without Calcium Supplementation in Patients on Standard Diets in Korea
Chaiho Jeong, Jinyoung Kim, Jeongmin Lee, Yejee Lim, Dong-Jun Lim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Jeonghoon Ha Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(21): 6904. CrossRef - Denosumab
Reactions Weekly.2022; 1919(1): 221. CrossRef - Denosumab, an effective osteoporosis treatment option for men
Sung Hye Kong The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 947. CrossRef
- Thyroid
- Usefulness of Real-Time Quantitative Microvascular Ultrasonography for Differentiation of Graves’ Disease from Destructive Thyroiditis in Thyrotoxic Patients
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Han-Sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Chai-Ho Jeong, Jeonghoon Ha, Moo Il Kang, Dong-Jun Lim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):323-332. Published online April 13, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1413
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2,989
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Abstract
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- Background
Microvascular ultrasonography (MVUS) is a third-generation Doppler technique that was developed to increase sensitivity compared to conventional Doppler. The purpose of this study was to compare MVUS with conventional color Doppler (CD) and power Doppler (PD) imaging to distinguish Graves’ disease (GD) from destructive thyroiditis (DT).
Methods This prospective study included 101 subjects (46 GDs, 47 DTs, and eight normal controls) from October 2020 to November 2021. All ultrasonography examinations were performed using microvascular flow technology (MV-Flow). The CD, PD, and MVUS images were semi-quantitatively graded according to blood flow patterns. On the MVUS images, vascularity indices (VIs), which were the ratio (%) of color pixels in the total grayscale pixels in a defined region of interest, were obtained automatically. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to verify the diagnostic performance of MVUS. The interclass correlation coefficient and Cohen’s kappa analysis were used to analyze the reliability of MVUS (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT04879173).
Results The area under the curve (AUC) for CD, PD, MVUS, and MVUS-VI was 0.822, 0.844, 0.808, and 0.852 respectively. The optimal cutoff value of the MVUS-VI was 24.95% for distinguishing GD and DT with 87% sensitivity and 80.9% specificity. We found a significant positive correlation of MVUS-VI with thyrotropin receptor antibody (r=0.554) and with thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin bioassay (r=0.841). MVUS showed high intra- and inter-observer reliability from various statistical method.
Conclusion In a real time and quantitative manner, MVUS-VI could be helpful to differentiate GD from thyroiditis in thyrotoxic patients, with less inter-observer variability.
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Citations
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- The Early Changes in Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulin Bioassay over Anti-Thyroid Drug Treatment Could Predict Prognosis of Graves’ Disease
Jin Yu, Han-Sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Kwanhoon Jo, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Min Hee Kim, Jungmin Lee, Dong-Jun Lim Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(3): 338. CrossRef - Duplex Hemodynamic Parameters of Both Superior and Inferior Thyroid Arteries in Evaluation of Thyroid Hyperfunction Disorders
Maha Assem Hussein, Alaa Abdel Hamid, Rasha M Abdel Samie, Elshaymaa Hussein, Shereen Sadik Elsawy International Journal of General Medicine.2022; Volume 15: 7131. CrossRef - Case 5: A 41-Year-Old Woman With Palpitation
Jiwon Yang, Kabsoo Shin, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Dong-Jun Lim, Han-Sang Baek Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Microvascular assessment of fascio-cutaneous flaps by ultrasound: A large animal study
Guillaume Goudot, Yanis Berkane, Eloi de Clermont-Tonnerre, Claire Guinier, Irina Filz von Reiterdank, Antonia van Kampen, Korkut Uygun, Curtis L. Cetrulo, Basak E. Uygun, Anahita Dua, Alexandre G. Lellouch Frontiers in Physiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
- Calcium & Bone Metabolism
- Changes in Serum Dickkopf-1, RANK Ligand, Osteoprotegerin, and Bone Mineral Density after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Treatment
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Eunhee Jang, Jeonghoon Ha, Ki-Hyun Baek, Moo Il Kang
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1211-1218. Published online December 8, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1248
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2,502
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- Background
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) regulates bone formation by inhibiting canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling, and indirectly enhances osteoclastic activity by altering the expression ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) relative to osteoprotegerin (OPG). However, it is difficult to explain continued bone loss after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in terms of changes in only RANKL and OPG. Few studies have evaluated changes in DKK1 after allo-SCT.
Methods We prospectively enrolled 36 patients with hematologic malignancies who were scheduled for allo-SCT treatment. Serum DKK1, OPG, and RANKL levels were measured before (baseline), and at 1, 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after allo-SCT treatment. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before (baseline) and 24 and 48 weeks after allo-SCT treatment.
Results After allo-SCT treatment, the DKK1 level decreased rapidly, returned to baseline during the first 4 weeks, and remained elevated for 48 weeks (P<0.0001 for changes observed over time). The serum RANKL/OPG ratio peaked at 4 weeks and then declined (P<0.001 for changes observed over time). BMD decreased relative to the baseline at all timepoints during the study period, and the lumbar spine in female patients had the largest decline (–11.3%±1.6% relative to the baseline at 48 weeks, P<0.05).
Conclusion Serum DKK1 levels rapidly decreased at 1 week and then continued to increase for 48 weeks; bone mass decreased for 48 weeks following engraftment in patients treated with allo-SCT, suggesting that DKK1-mediated inhibition of osteoblast differentiation plays a role in bone loss in patients undergoing allo-SCT.
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- Fracture risk and assessment in adults with cancer
Carrie Ye, William D. Leslie Osteoporosis International.2023; 34(3): 449. CrossRef - Short-Term Impact of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Leukemia Patients on Bone Bio Markers, Electrolytes and Blood Profile
Rhythm Joshi, Zehva Khan, Aakriti Garg, Dinesh Bhurani, Nidhi B Agarwal, Ubada Aqeel, Mohd Ashif Khan OBM Transplantation.2023; 07(02): 1. CrossRef
- Thyroid
- Lobeglitazone, A Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Agonist, Inhibits Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Suppressing p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway
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Jun-Qing Jin, Jeong-Sun Han, Jeonghoon Ha, Han-Sang Baek, Dong-Jun Lim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):1095-1110. Published online October 14, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1155
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- Background
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) ligands have been widely shown to correlate with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer progression. Lobeglitazone (LGZ) is a novel ligand of PPAR-γ; and its role in EMT and metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the role of LGZ in metastatic behavior of PTC cells.
Methods Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of LGZ in BRAF-mutated PTC cell lines (BCPAP and K1) were determined using MTT assay. Rosiglitazone (RGZ), the PPAR-γ ligand was used as a positive control. The protein expression of PPAR-γ, cell-surface proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin), cytoskeletal protein (Vimentin), transcription factor (Snail), p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression were measured using Western blotting. Changes in E-cadherin expression were also determined using immunocytochemistry. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed using wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays.
Results Treatment with LGZ or RGZ significantly inhibited transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT-associated processes such as fibroblast-like morphological changes, EMT-related protein expression, and increased cell migration and invasion in BCPAP and K1 cells. LGZ restored TGF-β1-induced loss of E-cadherin, as observed using immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, LGZ and RGZ suppressed TGF-β1-induced MMP-2 expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, but not ERK1/2. Although there was no change in PPAR-γ expression after treatment with LGZ or RGZ, the effect of downstream processes mediated by LGZ was hampered by GW9662, a PPAR-γ antagonist.
Conclusion LGZ inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT, migration, and invasion through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner in PTC cells.
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- The Activation of PPARγ by (2Z,4E,6E)-2-methoxyocta-2,4,6-trienoic Acid Counteracts the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Process in Skin Carcinogenesis
Enrica Flori, Sarah Mosca, Giorgia Cardinali, Stefania Briganti, Monica Ottaviani, Daniela Kovacs, Isabella Manni, Mauro Truglio, Arianna Mastrofrancesco, Marco Zaccarini, Carlo Cota, Giulia Piaggio, Mauro Picardo Cells.2023; 12(7): 1007. CrossRef - Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome increases thyroid cancer risk in young adults: a population-based cohort study
Jinyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Mee Kyoung Kim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Hyuk-Sang Kwon The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2023; 38(4): 526. CrossRef - Fish and the Thyroid: A Janus Bifrons Relationship Caused by Pollutants and the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Salvatore Benvenga, Fausto Famà, Laura Giovanna Perdichizzi, Alessandro Antonelli, Gabriela Brenta, Francesco Vermiglio, Mariacarla Moleti Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Identifying and categorizing compounds that reduce corneal transforming growth factor beta induced protein levels: a scoping review
Gabriella Guo Sciriha, Janet Sultana, Joseph Borg Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology.2022; 15(12): 1423. CrossRef
- Bone Metabolism
- Comparison of the Effects of Various Antidiabetic Medication on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Jeonghoon Ha, Yejee Lim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ki-Ho Song, Seung Hyun Ko, Moo Il Kang, Sung Dae Moon, Ki-Hyun Baek
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):895-903. Published online August 9, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1026
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- Background
Prospective comparative studies on the effects of various antidiabetic agents on bone metabolism are limited. This study aimed to assess changes in bone mass and biochemical bone markers in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods This prospective, multicenter, open-label, comparative trial included 264 patients with T2DM. Patients who had received a metformin, or sulfonylurea/metformin combination (Group 1); a thiazolidinedione combination (Group 2); a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (gemigliptin) combination (Group 3); or an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (empagliflozin) combination (Group 4) were prospectively treated for 12 months; bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover marker (BTM) changes were evaluated.
Results The femoral neck BMD percentage changes were −0.79%±2.86% (Group 1), −2.50%±3.08% (Group 2), −1.05%±2.74% (Group 3), and −1.24%±2.91% (Group 4) (P<0.05). The total hip BMD percentage changes were −0.57%±1.79% (Group 1), −1.74%±1.48% (Group 2), −0.75%±1.87% (Group 3), and −1.27%±1.72% (Group 4) (P<0.05). Mean serum BTM (C-terminal type 1 collagen telopeptide and procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide) levels measured during the study period did not change over time or differ between groups.
Conclusion Significant bone loss in the femoral neck and total hip was associated with thiazolidinedione combination regimens. However, bone loss was not significantly associated with combination regimens including gemigliptin or empagliflozin. Caution should be exercised during treatment with antidiabetic medications that adversely affect the bone in patients with diabetes at a high risk of bone loss.
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- Association of Bone Turnover Markers with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Microvascular Complications: A Matched Case-Control Study
Yilin Hou, Xiaoyu Hou, Qian Nie, Qiuyang Xia, Rui Hu, Xiaoyue Yang, Guangyao Song, Luping Ren Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2023; Volume 16: 1177. CrossRef - Complementary effects of dapagliflozin and lobeglitazone on metabolism in a diet-induced obese mouse model
Yun Kyung Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Ji In Lee, Bo Yoon Choi, Hyen Chung Cho, Hak Chul Jang, Sung Hee Choi European Journal of Pharmacology.2023; 957: 175946. CrossRef
- Miscellaneous
- COVID-19 Vaccination for Endocrine Patients: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
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Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyong Yeun Jung, Chang Ho Ahn, Jun Sung Moon, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Heui Kim, Hyemi Kwon, Hee Kyung Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sangmo Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Eun Roh, Jin Hwa Kim, Mi-kyung Kim, the Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of the Korean Endocrine Society
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):757-765. Published online August 17, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.404
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- Since the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ongoing efforts have been made to discover an efficacious vaccine against COVID-19 to combat the pandemic. In most countries, both mRNA and DNA vaccines have been administered, and their side effects have also been reported. The clinical course of COVID-19 and the effects of vaccination against COVID-19 are both influenced by patients’ health status and involve a systemic physiological response. In view of the systemic function of endocrine hormones, endocrine disorders themselves and the therapeutics used to treat them can influence the outcomes of vaccination for COVID-19. However, there are very limited data to support the development of clinical guidelines for patients with specific medical backgrounds based on large clinical trials. In the current severe circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, position statements made by clinical specialists are essential to provide appropriate recommendations based on both medical evidence and clinical experiences. As endocrinologists, we would like to present the medical background of COVID-19 vaccination, as well as precautions to prevent the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with specific endocrine disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, hypogonadism, and pituitary disorders.
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Hyeyeon Moon, Sunghwan Suh, Mi Kyoung Park Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Prior immunization status of COVID-19 patients and disease severity: A multicenter retrospective cohort study assessing the different types of immunity
Javaria Aslam, Faisal Shahzad Khan, Muhammad Talha Haris, Hewad Hewadmal, Maryam Khalid, Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Qurrat-ul-ain Aslam, Irrum Aneela, Urooj Zafar Vaccine.2023; 41(2): 598. CrossRef - Mortality and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
Eu Jeong Ku, Keeho Song, Kyoung Min Kim, Gi Hyeon Seo, Soon Jib Yoo Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(2): 253. CrossRef - Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Jeonghoon Ha, Kyoung Min Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(14): 4799. CrossRef - Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination does not disturb the clinical course of Graves’ disease: An observational cohort study
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İbrahim Mert Erbaş, İrem Ceren Erbaş, Gözde Akın Kağızmanlı, Kübra Yüksek Acinikli, Özge Besci, Korcan Demir, Ece Böber, Nurşen Belet, Ayhan Abacı Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology.2023; 15(3): 248. CrossRef - The role of co-morbidities in the development of an AEFI after COVID-19 vaccination in a large prospective cohort with patient-reported outcomes in the Netherlands
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Rimesh Pal, Ameya Joshi, Sanjay K. Bhadada, Mainak Banerjee, Suresh Vaikkakara, Satinath Mukhopadhyay Endocrine Practice.2022; 28(4): 425. CrossRef - Safety of Inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination Among Patients Treated for Hypothyroidism: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Xi Xiong, Carlos King Ho Wong, Ivan Chi Ho Au, Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai, Xue Li, Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Celine Sze Ling Chui, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Franco Wing Tak Cheng, Kristy Tsz Kwan Lau, Chi Ho Lee, Yu Cho Woo, David Tak Wai Lui, Ian Chi Kei Wong Thyroid.2022; 32(5): 505. CrossRef - The New Entity of Subacute Thyroiditis amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Infection to Vaccine
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Ach Taieb, El Euch Mounira Vaccines.2022; 10(12): 2004. CrossRef - Forty Years Together, New Leap Forward! The 40th Anniversary of the Korean Endocrine Society
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Tania Pilli, Cristina Dalmiglio, Gilda Dalmazio, Alfonso Sagnella, Raffaella Forleo, Lucia Brilli, Fabio Maino, Cristina Ciuoli, Maria Grazia Castagna European Journal of Endocrinology.2022; 187(1): K7. CrossRef - COVID-19 mRNA vaccine may trigger subacute thyroiditis
Mehmet Sözen, Ömercan Topaloğlu, Berrin Çetinarslan, Alev Selek, Zeynep Cantürk, Emre Gezer, Damla Köksalan, Taner Bayraktaroğlu Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2021; 17(12): 5120. CrossRef - Diabetes and COVID-19 Vaccination
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- Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
- Heart Rate Variability in Postoperative Patients with Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma
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Jeonghoon Ha, Hansang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Minsoo Yeo, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Ki-Hyun Baek, Moo Il Kang, Dong-Jun Lim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):678-687. Published online June 10, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.978
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- Background
Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) has been reported to be associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Hypopituitarism in nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is often linked to increased cardiovascular mortality. We therefore hypothesized that postoperative NFPA patients with hormone deficiency have an elevated risk of HRV alterations indicating cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
Methods A total of 22 patients with NFPA were enrolled in the study. Between 3 and 6 months after surgery, a combined pituitary function test (CPFT) was performed, and HRV was measured. The period of sleep before the CPFT was deemed the most stable period, and the hypoglycemic period that occurred during the CPFT was defined as the most unstable period. Changes in HRV parameters in stable and unstable periods were observed and compared depending on the status of hormone deficiencies.
Results In patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency with other pituitary hormone deficiencies, the low frequency to high frequency ratio, which represents overall autonomic function and is increased in the disease state, was higher (P=0.005). Additionally, the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval, which decreases in the autonomic dysfunction state, was lower (P=0.030) during the hypoglycemic period. In panhypopituitarism, the low frequency to high frequency ratio during the hypoglycemic period was increased (P=0.007).
Conclusion HRV analysis during CPFT enables estimation of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with NFPA who develop ACTH deficiency with other pituitary hormone deficiencies or panhypopituitarism after surgery. These patients may require a preemptive assessment of cardiovascular risk.
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- Heart Rate Variability in Subjects with Severe Allergic Background Undergoing COVID-19 Vaccination
Maria Bernadette Cilona, Filippo D’Amico, Chiara Asperti, Giuseppe Alvise Ramirez, Stefano Turi, Giovanni Benanti, Shai Marc Bohane, Serena Nannipieri, Rosa Labanca, Matteo Gervasini, Federica Russetti, Naomi Viapiana, Martina Lezzi, Giovanni Landoni, Lor Vaccines.2023; 11(3): 567. CrossRef - Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Jeonghoon Ha, Kyoung Min Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(14): 4799. CrossRef - Effect of a 16-Session Qigong Program in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Keyla Vargas-Román, Emilia I. De la Fuente-Solana, Jonathan Cortés-Martín, Juan Carlos Sánchez-García, Christian J. González-Vargas, Lourdes Díaz-Rodríguez Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(12): 3421. CrossRef
- Clinical Study
- Association of Hyperparathyroidism and Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
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Chaiho Jeong, Hye In Kwon, Hansang Baek, Hun-Sung Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Moo Il Kang
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Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):925-932. Published online December 10, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.725
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- Background
Concomitant papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and hyperparathyroidism (HPT) have been reported in several studies. Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of concomitant PTC in HPT patients upon preoperative diagnosis and present a clinical opinion on detecting thyroid malignancy in case of parathyroidectomy.
Methods Patients who underwent parathyroidectomy between January 2009 and December 2019 in two medical centers were included. Of the 279 participants 154 were diagnosed as primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and 125 as secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). The incidence of concomitant PTC and its clinical characteristics were compared with 98 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and were diagnosed with classical PTC during the same period.
Results Concurrent PTC was detected in 14 patients (9.1%) with pHPT and in nine patients (7.2%) with sHPT. Ten (71.4%) and seven (77.8%) PTCs were microcarcinomas in the pHPT and sHPT cases respectively. In the pHPT patients, vitamin D was lower in the pHPT+PTC group (13.0±3.7 ng/mL) than in the pHPT-only group (18.5±10.4 ng/mL; P=0.01). Vitamin D levels were also lower in the sHPT+PTC group (12.3±5.6 ng/mL) than in the sHPT-only group (18.0±10.2 ng/mL; P=0.12). In the concomitant PTC group, lymph node ratio was higher than in the classical PTC group (P=0.00).
Conclusion A high prevalence of concomitant PTC was seen in patients with pHPT and sHPT. Those concomitant PTCs were mostly microcarcinomas and had more aggressive features, suggesting that efforts should be made to detect concomitant malignancies in the preoperative parathyroidectomy evaluation.
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Citations
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- Evaluation of Nodular Goiter and Papillary Thyroid Cancer Coincidence in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Mustafa ÇALIŞKAN, Hasret CENGİZ, Taner DEMİRCİ Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2023; 25(2): 200. CrossRef - Papillary thyroid carcinoma coexisting with benign thyroid and parathyroid pathology: clinical and pathomorphological features
A. Dinets, M. Gorobeiko, V. Hoperia, A. Lovin, S. Tarasenko INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine).2023; 19(4): 274. CrossRef - Is preoperative parathyroid localization necessary for tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
Rongzhi Wang, Peter Abraham, Brenessa Lindeman, Herbert Chen, Jessica Fazendin The American Journal of Surgery.2022; 224(3): 918. CrossRef - Papillary thyroid carcinoma prevalence and its predictors in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Elif Tutku DURMUŞ, Ayşegül ATMACA, Mehmet KEFELİ, Ramis ÇOLAK, Buğra DURMUŞ, Cafer POLAT Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2022; 5(5): 1499. CrossRef - Association of Hyperparathyroidism and Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (Endocrinol Metab 2020;35:925-32, Chaiho Jeong et al.)
Chaiho Jeong, Jeonghoon Ha, Moo Il Kang Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(1): 205. CrossRef - Association of Hyperparathyroidism and Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (Endocrinol Metab 2020;35:925-32, Chaiho Jeong et al.)
Burcu Candemir, Coşkun Meriç Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(1): 203. CrossRef
- Clinical Study
- Comparison of Natural Course between Thyroid Cancer Nodules and Thyroid Benign Nodules
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Kyun-Jin Yun, Jeonghoon Ha, Min-Hee Kim, Ye Young Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ki-Ho Song, Moo Il Kang, Ki-Hyun Baek
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Endocrinol Metab. 2019;34(2):195-202. Published online June 24, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2019.34.2.195
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- Background
The natural course of thyroid cancer nodules and benign nodules is different. This study was to compare the changes in size between thyroid cancer nodules and thyroid benign nodules. The risk factors associated with the changes of thyroid cancer nodules were assessed. MethodsThis study contains retrospective observational and prospective analysis. A total of 113 patients with 120 nodules were recruited in the cancer group, and 116 patients with 119 nodules were enrolled in the benign group. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed at least two times at more than 1-year interval. ResultsThe mean follow-up durations were 29.5±18.8 months (cancer group) and 31.9±15.8 months (benign group) (P=0.32). The maximum diameter change in length was 0.36±0.97 mm/year in the cancer group and –0.04±0.77 mm/year in the benign group (P<0.01). The volume was significantly increased in the cancer group compared with the benign group (0.06±0.18 mL/year vs. 0.004±0.05 mL/year, respectively, P<0.01; 26.9%±57.9%/year vs. 1.7%±26.0%/year, P<0.01). Initial maximum diameter (β=0.02, P<0.01) and initial volume (β=0.13, P<0.01) were significantly associated with volume change (mL)/year. Initial maximum standardized uptake value did not predict the nodule growth. ConclusionIt is suggested that thyroid cancer nodules progress rapidly compared with benign nodules. Initial size and volume of nodule were independent risk factors for cancer nodule growth.
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Citations
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- Ultrasound for the assessment of thyroid nodules: an overview for non-radiologists
Conor Hamill, Peter Ellis, Philip C Johnston British Journal of Hospital Medicine.2022; 83(7): 1. CrossRef - Цитологічно підтверджений вузловий зоб у членів Українсько-Американського когортного дослідження: дескриптивний аналіз результатів обстеження за 1998- 2015 роки
M.D. Tronko, L.S. Strafun, H.M. Terekhova, H.A. Zamotayeva, I.P. Pasteur Endokrynologia.2022; 27(1): 5. CrossRef - A Computational Study on the Role of Parameters for Identification of Thyroid Nodules by Infrared Images (and Comparison with Real Data)
José R. González, Charbel Damião, Maira Moran, Cristina A. Pantaleão, Rubens A. Cruz, Giovanna A. Balarini, Aura Conci Sensors.2021; 21(13): 4459. CrossRef - Ultrasound in active surveillance for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer: imaging considerations in case selection and disease surveillance
Sangeet Ghai, Ciara O’Brien, David P. Goldstein, Anna M. Sawka, Lorne Rotstein, Dale Brown, John de Almeida, Patrick Gullane, Ralph Gilbert, Douglas Chepeha, Jonathan Irish, Jesse Pasternak, Shereen Ezzat, James P. Brierley, Richard W. Tsang, Eric Monteir Insights into Imaging.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Association between various thyroid gland diseases, TSH values and thyroid cancer: a case–control study
Leif Schiffmann, Karel Kostev, Matthias Kalder Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2020; 146(11): 2989. CrossRef - Combination of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma and retinoid X receptor agonists induces sodium/iodide symporter expression and inhibits cell growth of human thyroid cancer cells
Jui-Yu Chen, Jane-Jen Wang, Hsin-Chen Lee, Chin-Wen Chi, Chen-Hsen Lee, Yi-Chiung Hsu Journal of the Chinese Medical Association.2020; 83(10): 923. CrossRef - Growth rates of malignant and benign thyroid nodules in an ultrasound follow-up study: a retrospective cohort study
Michael Cordes, Theresa Ida Götz, Karen Horstrup, Torsten Kuwert, Christian Schmidkonz BMC Cancer.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
- Thyroid
- Cholestyramine Use for Rapid Reversion to Euthyroid States in Patients with Thyrotoxicosis
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Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Borami Kang, Min-Hee Kim, Dong-Jun Lim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(3):476-479. Published online July 26, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.476
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Cholestyramine (CS) is an ion exchange resin, which binds to iodothyronines and would lower serum thyroid hormone level. The use of CS added to conventional antithyroid drugs to control thyrotoxicosis has been applied since 1980's, and several studies indicate that using CS in combination with methimazole (MZ) produces a more rapid decline in serum thyroid hormones than with only MZ treatment. Our recent retrospective review of five patients taking high dose MZ and CS, compared to age-, gender-, initial free thyroxine (T4) level-, and MZ dose-matched 12 patients with MZ use only, showed more rapid decline of both free T4 and triiodothyronine levels without more adverse events. CS could be safely applicable short-term adjunctive therapy when first-line antithyroid medications are not enough to adequately control severe thyrotoxicosis or side effects of antithyroid drug would be of great concern.
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- Therapeutic plasma exchange for Graves’ disease in pregnancy
Matthew Lumchee, Mimi Yue, Josephine Laurie, Adam Morton Obstetric Medicine.2023; 16(2): 126. CrossRef - Ventricular arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic therapy and thyroidal illness in advanced heart failure: a case report and review of the literature
Fatima Alsalama, Salma Alzaabi, Cynthia Salloum, Marilyne Abi Younes, Feras Bader, Hussam Ghalib, Bassam Atallah Drugs & Therapy Perspectives.2023; 39(4): 147. CrossRef - Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis and Treatment Complications in a Man With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report
Marvin Wei Jie Chua, Shao Feng Mok Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Propylthiouracil-induced agranulocytosis as a rare complication of antithyroid drugs in a patient with Graves’ disease
Patrícia Novais Rabelo, Paula Novais Rabelo, Allyne Fernanda de Paula, Samuel Amanso da Conceição, Daniela Pultrini Pereira de Oliveira Viggiano, Daniela Espíndola Antunes, Estela Muszkat Jatene, Sílvia Leda França Moura de Paula, Monike Lourenço Dias, Ma Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira.2019; 65(6): 755. CrossRef - Notes on Trauma-Related Thyroid Storm in the Emergency Department
Adam Morton The Journal of Emergency Medicine.2018; 54(2): e35. CrossRef - Risk of embryopathies with use of antithyroidal medications
Stine L. Andersen Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity.2017; 24(5): 364. CrossRef - Thiamazole
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- 2023 Korean Endocrine Society Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Aldosteronism
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Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Endocrine Society, The Korean Adrenal Study Group of Korean Endocrine Society
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Received July 25, 2023 Accepted September 6, 2023 Published online October 13, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1789
[Epub ahead of print]
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- Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common, yet underdiagnosed cause of secondary hypertension. It is characterized by an overproduction of aldosterone, leading to hypertension and/or hypokalemia. Despite affecting between 5.9% and 34% of patients with hypertension, PA is frequently missed due to a lack of clinical awareness and systematic screening, which can result in significant cardiovascular complications. To address this, medical societies have developed clinical practice guidelines to improve the management of hypertension and PA. The Korean Endocrine Society, drawing on a wealth of research, has formulated new guidelines for PA. A task force has been established to prepare PA guidelines, which encompass epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. The Korean clinical guidelines for PA aim to deliver an evidence-based protocol for PA diagnosis, treatment, and patient monitoring. These guidelines are anticipated to ease the burden of this potentially curable condition.
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