- Calcium & bone metabolism
- Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Bone Health
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So Young Park, Sung Hye Kong, Kyoung Jin Kim, Seong Hee Ahn, Namki Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Sihoon Lee, Han Seok Choi, Ki-Hyun Baek, Jung-Eun Kim, Sang Wan Kim, on Behalf of Metabolic Bone Disease Study Group of Korean Endocrine Society
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Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(4):539-551. Published online July 17, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1963
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- This comprehensive review critically examines the detrimental impacts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on bone health, with a specific focus on substances such as bisphenol A (BPA), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phthalates, and dioxins. These EDCs, by interfering with the endocrine system’s normal functioning, pose a significant risk to bone metabolism, potentially leading to a heightened susceptibility to bone-related disorders and diseases. Notably, BPA has been shown to inhibit the differentiation of osteoblasts and promote the apoptosis of osteoblasts, which results in altered bone turnover status. PFASs, known for their environmental persistence and ability to bioaccumulate in the human body, have been linked to an increased osteoporosis risk. Similarly, phthalates, which are widely used in the production of plastics, have been associated with adverse bone health outcomes, showing an inverse relationship between phthalate exposure and bone mineral density. Dioxins present a more complex picture, with research findings suggesting both potential benefits and adverse effects on bone structure and density, depending on factors such as the timing and level of exposure. This review underscores the urgent need for further research to better understand the specific pathways through which EDCs affect bone health and to develop targeted strategies for mitigating their potentially harmful impacts.
- Thyroid
Thyroid Cancer Screening
- Cost-Utility Analysis of Early Detection with Ultrasonography of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population
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Han-Sang Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim, Sungju Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Chul-Min Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):310-323. Published online April 9, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1870
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- Background
There is debate about ultrasonography screening for thyroid cancer and its cost-effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early screening (ES) versus symptomatic detection (SD) for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in Korea.
Methods A Markov decision analysis model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of ES and SD. The model considered direct medical costs, health outcomes, and different diagnostic and treatment pathways. Input data were derived from literature and Korean population studies. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. Willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at USD 100,000 or 20,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to address uncertainties of the model’s variables.
Results In a base case scenario with 50 years of follow-up, ES was found to be cost-effective compared to SD, with an ICER of $2,852 per QALY. With WTP set at $100,000, in the case with follow-up less than 10 years, the SD was cost-effective. Sensitivity analysis showed that variables such as lobectomy probability, age, mortality, and utility scores significantly influenced the ICER. Despite variations in costs and other factors, all ICER values remained below the WTP threshold.
Conclusion Findings of this study indicate that ES is a cost-effective strategy for DTC screening in the Korean medical system. Early detection and subsequent lobectomy contribute to the cost-effectiveness of ES, while SD at an advanced stage makes ES more cost-effective. Expected follow-up duration should be considered to determine an optimal strategy for DTC screening.
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Citations
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- Conventional and Emerging Diagnostic Approaches for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Kathelina Kristollari, Abraham Abbey Paul, Sagi Angel, Robert S. Marks Chemosensors.2024; 12(11): 229. CrossRef
- Calcium & bone metabolism
- Bone Loss after Solid Organ Transplantation: A Review of Organ-Specific Considerations
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Kyoung Jin Kim, Jeonghoon Ha, Sang Wan Kim, Jung-Eun Kim, Sihoon Lee, Han Seok Choi, Namki Hong, Sung Hye Kong, Seong Hee Ahn, So Young Park, Ki-Hyun Baek, on Behalf of Metabolic Bone Disease Study Group of Korean Endocrine Society
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Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):267-282. Published online April 25, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1939
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5,215
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- This review article investigates solid organ transplantation-induced osteoporosis, a critical yet often overlooked issue, emphasizing its significance in post-transplant care. The initial sections provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and multifactorial pathogenesis of transplantation osteoporosis, including factors such as deteriorating post-transplantation health, hormonal changes, and the impact of immunosuppressive medications. Furthermore, the review is dedicated to organ-specific considerations in transplantation osteoporosis, with separate analyses for kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplantations. Each section elucidates the unique challenges and management strategies pertinent to transplantation osteoporosis in relation to each organ type, highlighting the necessity of an organ-specific approach to fully understand the diverse manifestations and implications of transplantation osteoporosis. This review underscores the importance of this topic in transplant medicine, aiming to enhance awareness and knowledge among clinicians and researchers. By comprehensively examining transplantation osteoporosis, this study contributes to the development of improved management and care strategies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes in this vulnerable group. This detailed review serves as an essential resource for those involved in the complex multidisciplinary care of transplant recipients.
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Citations
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- Romosozumab as Treatment for Severe Osteoporosis in Heart and Lung Transplant Recipients
Lisa M. Raven, Jacqueline R. Center, Christopher A. Muir Endocrines.2025; 6(1): 2. CrossRef
- Adrenal gland
- 2023 Korean Endocrine Society Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Aldosteronism
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Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Endocrine Society, The Korean Adrenal Study Group of Korean Endocrine Society
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Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):597-618. Published online October 13, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1789
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8,240
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Abstract
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- Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common, yet underdiagnosed cause of secondary hypertension. It is characterized by an overproduction of aldosterone, leading to hypertension and/or hypokalemia. Despite affecting between 5.9% and 34% of patients with hypertension, PA is frequently missed due to a lack of clinical awareness and systematic screening, which can result in significant cardiovascular complications. To address this, medical societies have developed clinical practice guidelines to improve the management of hypertension and PA. The Korean Endocrine Society, drawing on a wealth of research, has formulated new guidelines for PA. A task force has been established to prepare PA guidelines, which encompass epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. The Korean clinical guidelines for PA aim to deliver an evidence-based protocol for PA diagnosis, treatment, and patient monitoring. These guidelines are anticipated to ease the burden of this potentially curable condition.
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Citations
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- Differences in target organ damage between captopril challenge test-defined definitive-positive and borderline-range groups among patients with primary aldosteronism
Naoki Fujiwara, Tatsuya Haze, Hiromichi Wakui, Kouichi Tamura, Mika Tsuiki, Kohei Kamemura, Daisuke Taura, Takamasa Ichijo, Yutaka Takahashi, Minemori Watanabe, Hiroki Kobayashi, Toshifumi Nakamura, Shoichiro Izawa, Norio Wada, Tetsuya Yamada, Kenichi Yok Hypertension Research.2025; 48(2): 540. CrossRef - Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Primary Aldosteronism After Adrenalectomy or Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Chien‐Wei Huang, Tse‐Ying Huang, Ya‐Fei Yang, Li‐Yang Chang, Yu‐Kang Tu, Vin‐Cent Wu, Jui‐Yi Chen Journal of the American Heart Association.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Correlation of Histopathologic Subtypes of Primary Aldosteronism with Clinical Phenotypes and Postsurgical Outcomes
Chang Ho Ahn, You-Bin Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hee Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(8): e1582. CrossRef - Temporal trends in clinical features of patients with primary aldosteronism over 20 years
Seung Shin Park, Chang Ho Ahn, Sang Wan Kim, Jung-Min Koh, Seung Hun Lee, Jung Hee Kim Hypertension Research.2024; 47(8): 2019. CrossRef - Primary aldosteronism: An underdiagnosed clinical entity
Peeyush Jain, Atul Kaushik, Nilashish Dey, Ashwani Mehta, Shaloo Kapoor, Chhavi Agrawal Journal of Current Cardiology.2024; 2(2): 65. CrossRef - Historical changes in the clinical features of primary aldosteronism
Takamasa Ichijo Hypertension Research.2024; 47(10): 2926. CrossRef - Comparing ARR Versus Suppressed PRA as Screening Tests for Primary Aldosteronism
Marco Marcelli, Caixia Bi, John W. Funder, Michael J. McPhaul Hypertension.2024; 81(10): 2072. CrossRef - Screening and treatment of endocrine hypertension focusing on adrenal gland disorders: a narrative review
Seung Min Chung Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(4): 269. CrossRef - Diagnostic efficacy of aldosterone-to-renin ratio to screen primary aldosteronism in hypertension: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Ting-Wei Kao, Jui-Yi Chen, Jung-Hua Liu, Wen-Hsin Tseng, Chih-Chia Hsieh, Vin-Cent Wu, Yen-Hung Lin, Zheng-Wei Chen Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Comparative Analysis of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Radioimmunoassay in Determining Plasma Aldosterone Concentration and Plasma Renin Activity for Primary Aldosteronism Screening
So Yoon Kwon, Kyeong-Jin Kim, Soo-Youn Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 965. CrossRef
- Thyroid
- The Early Changes in Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulin Bioassay over Anti-Thyroid Drug Treatment Could Predict Prognosis of Graves’ Disease
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Jin Yu, Han-Sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Kwanhoon Jo, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Min Hee Kim, Jungmin Lee, Dong-Jun Lim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(3):338-346. Published online June 9, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1664
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Abstract
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- Background
To determine whether baseline thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) bioassay or its early response upon treatment with an anti-thyroid drug (ATD) can predict prognosis of Graves’ disease (GD) in real-world practice.
Methods This retrospective study enrolled GD patients who had previous ATD treatment with TSI bioassay checked at baseline and at follow-up from April 2010 to November 2019 in one referral hospital. The study population were divided into two groups: patients who experienced relapse or continued ATD (relapse/persistence), and patients who experienced no relapse after ATD discontinuation (remission). The slope and area under the curve at 1st year (AUC1yr) of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies including TSI bioassay and thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) were calculated as differences between baseline and second values divided by time duration (year).
Results Among enrolled 156 study subjects, 74 (47.4%) had relapse/persistence. Baseline TSI bioassay values did not show significant differences between the two groups. However, the relapse/persistence group showed less decremental TSI bioassay in response to ATD than the remission group (–84.7 [TSI slope, –198.2 to 8.2] vs. –120.1 [TSI slope, –204.4 to –45.9], P=0.026), whereas the TBII slope was not significantly different between the two groups. The relapse/persistence group showed higher AUC1yr of TSI bioassay and TBII in the 1st year during ATD treatment than the remission group (AUC1yr for TSI bioassay, P=0.0125; AUC1yr for TBII, P=0.001).
Conclusion Early changes in TSI bioassay can better predict prognosis of GD than TBII. Measurement of TSI bioassay at beginning and follow-up could help predict GD prognosis.
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Citations
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- Enhanced predictive validity of integrative models for refractory hyperthyroidism considering baseline and early therapy characteristics: a prospective cohort study
Xinpan Wang, Tiantian Li, Yue Li, Qiuyi Wang, Yun Cai, Zhixiao Wang, Yun Shi, Tao Yang, Xuqin Zheng Journal of Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Long-term Effect of Thyrotropin-binding Inhibitor Immunoglobulin on Atrial Fibrillation in Euthyroid Patients
Jung-Chi Hsu, Kang-Chih Fan, Ting-Chuan Wang, Shu-Lin Chuang, Ying-Ting Chao, Ting-Tse Lin, Kuan-Chih Huang, Lian-Yu Lin, Lung-Chun Lin Endocrine Practice.2024; 30(6): 537. CrossRef - Dynamic Risk Model for the Medical Treatment of Graves’ Hyperthyroidism according to Treatment Duration
Meihua Jin, Chae A Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Won Bae Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Won Gu Kim Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(4): 579. CrossRef - A Predictive Model for Graves’ Disease Recurrence After Antithyroid Drug Therapy: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Omar El Kawkgi, David Toro-Tobon, Freddy J.K. Toloza, Sebastian Vallejo, Cristian Soto Jacome, Ivan N. Ayala, Bryan A. Vallejo, Camila Wenczenovicz, Olivia Tzeng, Horace J. Spencer, Jeff D. Thostenson, Dingfeng Li, Jacob Kohlenberg, Eddy Lincango, Sneha M Endocrine Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
- Calcium & bone metabolism
- Persistence with Denosumab in Male Osteoporosis Patients: A Real-World, Non-Interventional Multicenter Study
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Chaiho Jeong, Jeongmin Lee, Jinyoung Kim, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Yejee Lim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Tae-Seo Sohn, Ki-Ho Song, Moo Il Kang, Ki-Hyun Baek
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Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):260-268. Published online April 27, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1663
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- Background
Persistence with denosumab in male patients has not been adequately investigated, although poor denosumab persistence is associated with a significant risk of rebound vertebral fractures.
Methods We retrospectively evaluated 294 Korean male osteoporosis patients treated with denosumab at three medical centers and examined their persistence with four doses of denosumab injection over 24 months of treatment. Persistence was defined as the extent to which a patient adhered to denosumab treatment in terms of the prescribed interval and dose, with a permissible gap of 8 weeks. For patients who missed their scheduled treatment appointment(s) during the follow-up period (i.e., no-shows), Cox proportional regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors associated with poor adherence. Several factors were considered, such as age, prior anti-osteoporotic drug use, the treatment provider’s medical specialty, the proximity to the medical center, and financial burdens of treatment.
Results Out of 294 male patients, 77 (26.2%) completed all four sequential rounds of the denosumab treatment. Out of 217 patients who did not complete the denosumab treatment, 138 (63.6%) missed the scheduled treatment(s). Missing treatment was significantly associated with age (odds ratio [OR], 1.03), prior bisphosphonate use (OR, 0.76), and prescription by non-endocrinologists (OR, 2.24). Denosumab was stopped in 44 (20.3%) patients due to medical errors, in 24 (11.1%) patients due to a T-score improvement over –2.5, and in five (2.3%) patients due to expected dental procedures.
Conclusion Our study showed that only one-fourth of Korean male osteoporosis patients were fully adherent to 24 months of denosumab treatment.
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Citations
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- Denosumab
Reactions Weekly.2023; 1963(1): 206. CrossRef
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)
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Han-sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Jin Yu, Joonyub Lee, Yeoree Yang, Jeonghoon Ha, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Hun-Sung Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(6):945-946. Published online December 2, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.602
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- Miscellaneous
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Endocrine Disorders: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
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Hyemi Kwon, Eun Roh, Chang Ho Ahn, Hee Kyung Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyong Yeun Jung, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Heui Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sangmo Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Jun Sung Moon, Jin Hwa Kim, Mi-kyung Kim, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of the Korean Endocrine Society
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(6):839-850. Published online December 26, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1627
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- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 inhibitor, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, and anti-PD-ligand 1 inhibitors are representative therapeutics for various malignancies. In oncology, the application of ICIs is currently expanding to a wider range of malignancies due to their remarkable clinical outcomes. ICIs target immune checkpoints which suppress the activity of T-cells that are specific for tumor antigens, thereby allowing tumor cells to escape the immune response. However, immune checkpoints also play a crucial role in preventing autoimmune reactions. Therefore, ICIs targeting immune checkpoints can trigger various immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially in endocrine organs. Considering the endocrine organs that are frequently involved, irAEs associated endocrinopathies are frequently life-threatening and have unfavorable clinical implications for patients. However, there are very limited data from large clinical trials that would inform the development of clinical guidelines for patients with irAEs associated endocrinopathies. Considering the current clinical situation, in which the scope and scale of the application of ICIs are increasing, position statements from clinical specialists play an essential role in providing the appropriate recommendations based on both medical evidence and clinical experience. As endocrinologists, we would like to present precautions and recommendations for the management of immune-related endocrine disorders, especially those involving the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands caused by ICIs.
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Citations
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- Patterns of hormonal changes in hypophysitis by immune checkpoint inhibitor
Hyunji Sang, Yun Kyung Cho, Sang-hyeok Go, Hwa Jung Kim, Eun Hee Koh The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(5): 801. CrossRef - Pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib for radically unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the Japanese population
Ryo Fujiwara, Takeshi yuasa, kenichi kobayashi, tetsuya yoshida, susumu kageyama Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2023; 23(5): 461. CrossRef - Incidence of Endocrine-Related Dysfunction in Patients Treated with New Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review
Won Sang Yoo, Eu Jeong Ku, Eun Kyung Lee, Hwa Young Ahn Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 750. CrossRef
- Calcium & Bone Metabolism
- A Meaningful Journey to Predict Fractures with Deep Learning
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Jeonghoon Ha
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):617-619. Published online August 29, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.403
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- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
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Han-sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Jin Yu, Joonyub Lee, Yeoree Yang, Jeonghoon Ha, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Hun-Sung Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):641-651. Published online August 29, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1501
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- Background
The prevalence of young-onset diabetes (YOD) has been increasing worldwide. As the incidence of YOD increases, it is necessary to determine the characteristics of YOD and the factors that influence its development and associated complications.
Methods In this retrospective study, we recruited patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus between June 2001 and December 2021 at a tertiary hospital. The study population was categorized according to age: YOD (age <40 years), middle-age-onset diabetes (MOD, 40≤ age <65 years), and late-onset diabetes (LOD, age ≥65 years). We examined trends in glycemic control by analyzing fasting glucose levels during the first year in each age group. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to determine the relative risk of developing complications according to glycemic control trends.
Results The fasting glucose level at the time of diagnosis was highest in the YOD group (YOD 149±65 mg/dL; MOD 143±54 mg/dL; and LOD 140±55 mg/dL; p=0.009). In the YOD group, glucose levels decreased at 3 months, but increased by 12 months. YOD patients and those with poor glycemic control in the first year were at a higher risk of developing complications, whereas the risk in patients with LOD was not statistically significant.
Conclusion YOD patients had higher glucose levels at diagnosis, and their glycemic control was poorly maintained. As poor glycemic control can influence the development of complications, especially in young patients, intensive treatment is necessary for patients with YOD.
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- Increased risk of incident mental disorders in adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes diagnosed after the age of 19: A nationwide cohort study
Seohyun Kim, Gyuri Kim, So Hyun Cho, Rosa Oh, Ji Yoon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim Diabetes & Metabolism.2024; 50(1): 101505. CrossRef - Association between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risks: A nationwide population-based study
Da Hea Seo, Mina Kim, Young Ju Suh, Yongin Cho, Seong Hee Ahn, Seongbin Hong, So Hun Kim Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 208: 111098. CrossRef - Impact of diabetes distress on glycemic control and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hye-Sun Park, Yongin Cho, Da Hea Seo, Seong Hee Ahn, Seongbin Hong, Young Ju Suh, Suk Chon, Jeong-Taek Woo, Sei Hyun Baik, Kwan Woo Lee, So Hun Kim Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Early onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: an update
Myrsini Strati, Melpomeni Moustaki, Theodora Psaltopoulou, Andromachi Vryonidou, Stavroula A. Paschou Endocrine.2024; 85(3): 965. CrossRef - The Effect of Glycemic Control on Cardiovascular Disease Progression in Adults With Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis
Amna Gilani, Khalid Umar, Fatima Gilani, Muhammad Ahmad, Mahnoor S Abbasi, Muhammad Yaseen, Muhammad Zeeshan, Naqeeb Ullah, Aiman Waseem, Fatima Batool, Sundas Safdar Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Differential Exercise Requirements for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Resolution Across Age Groups: A Longitudinal Study of Korean Military Officers
Jaejun Lee, Dong Yeup Lee, Jae Hyeop Jung, Eunkyoung Bae, Jeong A. Yu, Hyun Yang Journal of Physical Activity and Health.2024; : 1. CrossRef - Complications and Treatment of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Fahimeh Soheilipour, Naghmeh Abbasi Kasbi, Mahshid Imankhan, Delaram Eskandari International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)
Han-sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Jin Yu, Joonyub Lee, Yeoree Yang, Jeonghoon Ha, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Hun-Sung Kim Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 945. CrossRef -
ISPAD
Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Management of the child, adolescent, and young adult with diabetes in limited resource settings
Anju Virmani, Stuart J. Brink, Angela Middlehurst, Fauzia Mohsin, Franco Giraudo, Archana Sarda, Sana Ajmal, Julia E. von Oettingen, Kuben Pillay, Supawadee Likitmaskul, Luis Eduardo Calliari, Maria E. Craig Pediatric Diabetes.2022; 23(8): 1529. CrossRef - Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)
May Thu Hla Aye, Sajid Adhi Raja, Vui Heng Chong Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 943. CrossRef
- Calcium & Bone Metabolism
- Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Denosumab in Patients with Osteoporosis: A Prospective, Observational Study in South Korea
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Yumie Rhee, Dong-Gune Chang, Jeonghoon Ha, Sooa Kim, Yusun Lee, Euna Jo, Jung-Min Koh
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(3):497-505. Published online June 3, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1427
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- Background
The efficacy and safety of denosumab have been established in a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This postmarketing surveillance study was aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of denosumab in Korean real-world clinical practice.
Methods Patients with osteoporosis who had received denosumab per the Korean approved indications in the postmarketing setting between September 2014 and September 2019 were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The secondary endpoint was the percent change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck.
Results Of the 3,221 patients enrolled, 3,185 were included in the safety analysis set; 2,973 (93.3%) were female, and the mean± standard deviation (SD) age was 68.9±9.9 years. The mean±SD study period was 350.0±71.4 days. AEs, fatal AEs, and ADRs occurred in 19.3%, 0.8%, and 1.6%, respectively. The most frequent AEs, occurring in >0.5% of patients, were dizziness (0.7%), arthralgia (0.7%), back pain (0.6%), and myalgia (0.6%). Hypocalcemia occurred in 0.3% of patients. There were no cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fracture. Mean±SD percent change from baseline in BMD of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck was 7.3%±23.6%, 3.6%±31.4%, and 3.2%±10.7%, respectively.
Conclusion The safety and effectiveness of denosumab in Korean patients with osteoporosis in this study were comparable with those in the Korean randomized controlled trial, with no new safety findings.
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Anna Spångeus, Johan Rydetun, Mischa Woisetschläger Osteoporosis International.2024; 35(1): 173. CrossRef - Cost-consequence analysis of continuous denosumab therapy for osteoporosis treatment in South Korea
Seungju Cha, Minjeong Sohn, Hyowon Yang, Eric J. Yeh, Ki-Hyun Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Hyemin Ku BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Denosumab and the Risk of Diabetes in Patients Treated for Osteoporosis
Huei-Kai Huang, Albert Tzu-Ming Chuang, Tzu-Chi Liao, Shih-Chieh Shao, Peter Pin-Sung Liu, Yu-Kang Tu, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai JAMA Network Open.2024; 7(2): e2354734. CrossRef - A real-world disproportionality analysis of FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) events for denosumab
Yue He, Rong Zhang, Huarui Shen, Yingqi Liu Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Denosumab in Osteoporosis: Predicting Long-Term Efficacy beyond 10 Years
Jeongmin Lee, Youn-Ju Lee, Jeonghoon Ha Journal of Bone Metabolism.2024; 31(3): 246. CrossRef - Adverse Effects of Denosumab in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A 20-Year Retrospective Single-Center Observation Study in Central Taiwan
Tsung-Yin Tsai, Zi-Hong You, Shang-Feng Tsai, Ming-Ju Wu, Tung-Min Yu, Ya-Wen Chuang, Yung-Chieh Lin, Ya-Lian Deng, Chiann-Yi Hsu, Cheng-Hsu Chen Transplantation Proceedings.2023; 55(4): 837. CrossRef - Persistence with Denosumab in Male Osteoporosis Patients: A Real-World, Non-Interventional Multicenter Study
Chaiho Jeong, Jeongmin Lee, Jinyoung Kim, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Yejee Lim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Tae-Seo Sohn, Ki-Ho Song, Moo Il Kang, Ki-Hyun Baek Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(2): 260. CrossRef - Effect of Denosumab on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Comparison with and without Calcium Supplementation in Patients on Standard Diets in Korea
Chaiho Jeong, Jinyoung Kim, Jeongmin Lee, Yejee Lim, Dong-Jun Lim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Jeonghoon Ha Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(21): 6904. CrossRef - Denosumab
Reactions Weekly.2022; 1919(1): 221. CrossRef - Denosumab, an effective osteoporosis treatment option for men
Sung Hye Kong The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 947. CrossRef
- Thyroid
- Usefulness of Real-Time Quantitative Microvascular Ultrasonography for Differentiation of Graves’ Disease from Destructive Thyroiditis in Thyrotoxic Patients
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Han-Sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Chai-Ho Jeong, Jeonghoon Ha, Moo Il Kang, Dong-Jun Lim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):323-332. Published online April 13, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1413
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Abstract
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- Background
Microvascular ultrasonography (MVUS) is a third-generation Doppler technique that was developed to increase sensitivity compared to conventional Doppler. The purpose of this study was to compare MVUS with conventional color Doppler (CD) and power Doppler (PD) imaging to distinguish Graves’ disease (GD) from destructive thyroiditis (DT).
Methods This prospective study included 101 subjects (46 GDs, 47 DTs, and eight normal controls) from October 2020 to November 2021. All ultrasonography examinations were performed using microvascular flow technology (MV-Flow). The CD, PD, and MVUS images were semi-quantitatively graded according to blood flow patterns. On the MVUS images, vascularity indices (VIs), which were the ratio (%) of color pixels in the total grayscale pixels in a defined region of interest, were obtained automatically. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to verify the diagnostic performance of MVUS. The interclass correlation coefficient and Cohen’s kappa analysis were used to analyze the reliability of MVUS (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT04879173).
Results The area under the curve (AUC) for CD, PD, MVUS, and MVUS-VI was 0.822, 0.844, 0.808, and 0.852 respectively. The optimal cutoff value of the MVUS-VI was 24.95% for distinguishing GD and DT with 87% sensitivity and 80.9% specificity. We found a significant positive correlation of MVUS-VI with thyrotropin receptor antibody (r=0.554) and with thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin bioassay (r=0.841). MVUS showed high intra- and inter-observer reliability from various statistical method.
Conclusion In a real time and quantitative manner, MVUS-VI could be helpful to differentiate GD from thyroiditis in thyrotoxic patients, with less inter-observer variability.
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Citations
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- Association of autoimmune thyroid disease with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its ultrasonic diagnosis and management
Jin Wang, Ke Wan, Xin Chang, Rui-Feng Mao World Journal of Diabetes.2024; 15(3): 348. CrossRef - Deep Learning Analysis With Gray Scale and Doppler Ultrasonography Images to Differentiate Graves’ Disease
Han-Sang Baek, Jinyoung Kim, Chaiho Jeong, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Min-Hee Kim, Tae Seo Sohn, Ihn Suk Lee, Jong Min Lee, Dong-Jun Lim The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(11): 2872. CrossRef - Evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal renal microvascular flow characteristics of three-dimensional MV-flow imaging
Caixin Huang, Lihe Zhang, Yuting Jiang, Qiao Zheng, Ting Lei, Liu Du, Hongning Xie Early Human Development.2024; 199: 106149. CrossRef - The Early Changes in Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulin Bioassay over Anti-Thyroid Drug Treatment Could Predict Prognosis of Graves’ Disease
Jin Yu, Han-Sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Kwanhoon Jo, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Min Hee Kim, Jungmin Lee, Dong-Jun Lim Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(3): 338. CrossRef - Duplex Hemodynamic Parameters of Both Superior and Inferior Thyroid Arteries in Evaluation of Thyroid Hyperfunction Disorders
Maha Assem Hussein, Alaa Abdel Hamid, Rasha M Abdel Samie, Elshaymaa Hussein, Shereen Sadik Elsawy International Journal of General Medicine.2022; Volume 15: 7131. CrossRef - Case 5: A 41-Year-Old Woman With Palpitation
Jiwon Yang, Kabsoo Shin, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Dong-Jun Lim, Han-Sang Baek Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Microvascular assessment of fascio-cutaneous flaps by ultrasound: A large animal study
Guillaume Goudot, Yanis Berkane, Eloi de Clermont-Tonnerre, Claire Guinier, Irina Filz von Reiterdank, Antonia van Kampen, Korkut Uygun, Curtis L. Cetrulo, Basak E. Uygun, Anahita Dua, Alexandre G. Lellouch Frontiers in Physiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
- Calcium & Bone Metabolism
- Changes in Serum Dickkopf-1, RANK Ligand, Osteoprotegerin, and Bone Mineral Density after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Treatment
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Eunhee Jang, Jeonghoon Ha, Ki-Hyun Baek, Moo Il Kang
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1211-1218. Published online December 8, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1248
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Abstract
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- Background
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) regulates bone formation by inhibiting canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling, and indirectly enhances osteoclastic activity by altering the expression ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) relative to osteoprotegerin (OPG). However, it is difficult to explain continued bone loss after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in terms of changes in only RANKL and OPG. Few studies have evaluated changes in DKK1 after allo-SCT.
Methods We prospectively enrolled 36 patients with hematologic malignancies who were scheduled for allo-SCT treatment. Serum DKK1, OPG, and RANKL levels were measured before (baseline), and at 1, 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after allo-SCT treatment. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before (baseline) and 24 and 48 weeks after allo-SCT treatment.
Results After allo-SCT treatment, the DKK1 level decreased rapidly, returned to baseline during the first 4 weeks, and remained elevated for 48 weeks (P<0.0001 for changes observed over time). The serum RANKL/OPG ratio peaked at 4 weeks and then declined (P<0.001 for changes observed over time). BMD decreased relative to the baseline at all timepoints during the study period, and the lumbar spine in female patients had the largest decline (–11.3%±1.6% relative to the baseline at 48 weeks, P<0.05).
Conclusion Serum DKK1 levels rapidly decreased at 1 week and then continued to increase for 48 weeks; bone mass decreased for 48 weeks following engraftment in patients treated with allo-SCT, suggesting that DKK1-mediated inhibition of osteoblast differentiation plays a role in bone loss in patients undergoing allo-SCT.
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- Fracture risk and assessment in adults with cancer
Carrie Ye, William D. Leslie Osteoporosis International.2023; 34(3): 449. CrossRef - Short-Term Impact of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Leukemia Patients on Bone Bio Markers, Electrolytes and Blood Profile
Rhythm Joshi, Zehva Khan, Aakriti Garg, Dinesh Bhurani, Nidhi B Agarwal, Ubada Aqeel, Mohd Ashif Khan OBM Transplantation.2023; 07(02): 1. CrossRef
- Thyroid
- Lobeglitazone, A Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Agonist, Inhibits Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Suppressing p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway
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Jun-Qing Jin, Jeong-Sun Han, Jeonghoon Ha, Han-Sang Baek, Dong-Jun Lim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):1095-1110. Published online October 14, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1155
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6,066
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Abstract
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- Background
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) ligands have been widely shown to correlate with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer progression. Lobeglitazone (LGZ) is a novel ligand of PPAR-γ; and its role in EMT and metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the role of LGZ in metastatic behavior of PTC cells.
Methods Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of LGZ in BRAF-mutated PTC cell lines (BCPAP and K1) were determined using MTT assay. Rosiglitazone (RGZ), the PPAR-γ ligand was used as a positive control. The protein expression of PPAR-γ, cell-surface proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin), cytoskeletal protein (Vimentin), transcription factor (Snail), p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression were measured using Western blotting. Changes in E-cadherin expression were also determined using immunocytochemistry. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed using wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays.
Results Treatment with LGZ or RGZ significantly inhibited transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT-associated processes such as fibroblast-like morphological changes, EMT-related protein expression, and increased cell migration and invasion in BCPAP and K1 cells. LGZ restored TGF-β1-induced loss of E-cadherin, as observed using immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, LGZ and RGZ suppressed TGF-β1-induced MMP-2 expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, but not ERK1/2. Although there was no change in PPAR-γ expression after treatment with LGZ or RGZ, the effect of downstream processes mediated by LGZ was hampered by GW9662, a PPAR-γ antagonist.
Conclusion LGZ inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT, migration, and invasion through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner in PTC cells.
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Citations
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- Associations between Diabetes Mellitus and Selected Cancers
Monika Pliszka, Leszek Szablewski International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(13): 7476. CrossRef - Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Cancers: Risky Correlation, Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Prevention
Rongqian Wu, Junping Zhang, Guilin Zou, Shanshan Li, Jinying Wang, Xiaoxinlei Li, Jixiong Xu Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 809. CrossRef - Clinicopathological Evaluation of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Ando Takahito, Kimihito Fujii, Hirona Banno, Masayuki Saito, Yukie Ito, Mirai Ido, Manami Goto, Yukako Mouri, Junko Kousaka, Tsuneo Imai, Shogo Nakano Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ agonist, induces cell death and inhibits the proliferation of hypoxic HepG2 cells by promoting excessive production of reactive oxygen species
Guohao Huang, Mengfan Zhang, Manzhou Wang, Wenze Xu, Xuhua Duan, Xinwei Han, Jianzhuang Ren Oncology Letters.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - The Activation of PPARγ by (2Z,4E,6E)-2-methoxyocta-2,4,6-trienoic Acid Counteracts the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Process in Skin Carcinogenesis
Enrica Flori, Sarah Mosca, Giorgia Cardinali, Stefania Briganti, Monica Ottaviani, Daniela Kovacs, Isabella Manni, Mauro Truglio, Arianna Mastrofrancesco, Marco Zaccarini, Carlo Cota, Giulia Piaggio, Mauro Picardo Cells.2023; 12(7): 1007. CrossRef - Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome increases thyroid cancer risk in young adults: a population-based cohort study
Jinyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Mee Kyoung Kim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Hyuk-Sang Kwon The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2023; 38(4): 526. CrossRef - Drug repositioning in thyroid cancer treatment: the intriguing case of anti-diabetic drugs
Alessia Greco, Francesca Coperchini, Laura Croce, Flavia Magri, Marsida Teliti, Mario Rotondi Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Fish and the Thyroid: A Janus Bifrons Relationship Caused by Pollutants and the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Salvatore Benvenga, Fausto Famà, Laura Giovanna Perdichizzi, Alessandro Antonelli, Gabriela Brenta, Francesco Vermiglio, Mariacarla Moleti Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Identifying and categorizing compounds that reduce corneal transforming growth factor beta induced protein levels: a scoping review
Gabriella Guo Sciriha, Janet Sultana, Joseph Borg Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology.2022; 15(12): 1423. CrossRef
- Bone Metabolism
- Comparison of the Effects of Various Antidiabetic Medication on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Jeonghoon Ha, Yejee Lim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ki-Ho Song, Seung Hyun Ko, Moo Il Kang, Sung Dae Moon, Ki-Hyun Baek
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):895-903. Published online August 9, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1026
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- Background
Prospective comparative studies on the effects of various antidiabetic agents on bone metabolism are limited. This study aimed to assess changes in bone mass and biochemical bone markers in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods This prospective, multicenter, open-label, comparative trial included 264 patients with T2DM. Patients who had received a metformin, or sulfonylurea/metformin combination (Group 1); a thiazolidinedione combination (Group 2); a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (gemigliptin) combination (Group 3); or an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (empagliflozin) combination (Group 4) were prospectively treated for 12 months; bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover marker (BTM) changes were evaluated.
Results The femoral neck BMD percentage changes were −0.79%±2.86% (Group 1), −2.50%±3.08% (Group 2), −1.05%±2.74% (Group 3), and −1.24%±2.91% (Group 4) (P<0.05). The total hip BMD percentage changes were −0.57%±1.79% (Group 1), −1.74%±1.48% (Group 2), −0.75%±1.87% (Group 3), and −1.27%±1.72% (Group 4) (P<0.05). Mean serum BTM (C-terminal type 1 collagen telopeptide and procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide) levels measured during the study period did not change over time or differ between groups.
Conclusion Significant bone loss in the femoral neck and total hip was associated with thiazolidinedione combination regimens. However, bone loss was not significantly associated with combination regimens including gemigliptin or empagliflozin. Caution should be exercised during treatment with antidiabetic medications that adversely affect the bone in patients with diabetes at a high risk of bone loss.
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Lili Huang, Wei Zhong, Xinghuan Liang, Huijuan Wang, Shi-en Fu, Zuojie Luo Journal of Clinical Densitometry.2024; 27(1): 101455. CrossRef - A multicentre, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, parallel comparison, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pioglitazone add‐on therapy in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin and dapagliflozin
Soo Lim, Seung‐Hwan Lee, Kyung‐Wan Min, Chang Beom Lee, Sang Yong Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Nan Hee Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Seungjoon Oh, Jong Chul Won, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Mi Kyung Kim, Jung Hwan Park, In‐Kyung Jeong, Sungrae Kim Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(6): 2188. CrossRef - Bone Loss in Diabetes Mellitus: Diaporosis
Krisztina Kupai, Hsu Lin Kang, Anikó Pósa, Ákos Csonka, Tamás Várkonyi, Zsuzsanna Valkusz International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(13): 7269. CrossRef - The multiple actions of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and its pharmacological inhibition on bone metabolism: a review
L. M. Pechmann, F. I. Pinheiro, V. F. C. Andrade, C. A. Moreira Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - The effect of antidiabetic drugs on bone metabolism: a concise review
Stavroula Psachna, Maria Eleni Chondrogianni, Konstantinos Stathopoulos, Antonis Polymeris, Antonios Chatzigeorgiou, Efstathios Chronopoulos, Symeon Tournis, Eva Kassi Endocrine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of Bone Turnover Markers with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Microvascular Complications: A Matched Case-Control Study
Yilin Hou, Xiaoyu Hou, Qian Nie, Qiuyang Xia, Rui Hu, Xiaoyue Yang, Guangyao Song, Luping Ren Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2023; Volume 16: 1177. CrossRef - Complementary effects of dapagliflozin and lobeglitazone on metabolism in a diet-induced obese mouse model
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- Miscellaneous
- COVID-19 Vaccination for Endocrine Patients: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
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Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyong Yeun Jung, Chang Ho Ahn, Jun Sung Moon, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Heui Kim, Hyemi Kwon, Hee Kyung Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sangmo Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Eun Roh, Jin Hwa Kim, Mi-kyung Kim, the Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of the Korean Endocrine Society
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):757-765. Published online August 17, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.404
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- Since the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ongoing efforts have been made to discover an efficacious vaccine against COVID-19 to combat the pandemic. In most countries, both mRNA and DNA vaccines have been administered, and their side effects have also been reported. The clinical course of COVID-19 and the effects of vaccination against COVID-19 are both influenced by patients’ health status and involve a systemic physiological response. In view of the systemic function of endocrine hormones, endocrine disorders themselves and the therapeutics used to treat them can influence the outcomes of vaccination for COVID-19. However, there are very limited data to support the development of clinical guidelines for patients with specific medical backgrounds based on large clinical trials. In the current severe circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, position statements made by clinical specialists are essential to provide appropriate recommendations based on both medical evidence and clinical experiences. As endocrinologists, we would like to present the medical background of COVID-19 vaccination, as well as precautions to prevent the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with specific endocrine disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, hypogonadism, and pituitary disorders.
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Mehmet Sözen, Ömercan Topaloğlu, Berrin Çetinarslan, Alev Selek, Zeynep Cantürk, Emre Gezer, Damla Köksalan, Taner Bayraktaroğlu Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2024; 17(12): 5120. CrossRef - The role of co-morbidities in the development of an AEFI after COVID-19 vaccination in a large prospective cohort with patient-reported outcomes in the Netherlands
C. Ouaddouh, J.W. Duijster, T. Lieber, F.P.A.M. van Hunsel Expert Opinion on Drug Safety.2024; 23(3): 323. CrossRef - Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19
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Hyeyeon Moon, Sunghwan Suh, Mi Kyoung Park Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Prior immunization status of COVID-19 patients and disease severity: A multicenter retrospective cohort study assessing the different types of immunity
Javaria Aslam, Faisal Shahzad Khan, Muhammad Talha Haris, Hewad Hewadmal, Maryam Khalid, Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Qurrat-ul-ain Aslam, Irrum Aneela, Urooj Zafar Vaccine.2023; 41(2): 598. CrossRef - Mortality and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
Eu Jeong Ku, Keeho Song, Kyoung Min Kim, Gi Hyeon Seo, Soon Jib Yoo Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(2): 253. CrossRef - Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Jeonghoon Ha, Kyoung Min Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(14): 4799. CrossRef - Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination does not disturb the clinical course of Graves’ disease: An observational cohort study
Shichen Xu, Huixin Yu, Xian Cheng, Jing Wu, Jiandong Bao, Li Zhang Vaccine.2023; 41(38): 5648. CrossRef - Adrenal Crisis Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Adrenal Insufficiency
Yukako Kurematsu, Takako Mohri, Sadanori Okada, Yutaka Takahashi JCEM Case Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Adverse Events Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents with Endocrinological Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
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LingHong Huang, ZhengRong Jiang, JingXiong Zhou, YuPing Chen, HuiBin Huang Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Osteoporosis in Patients With Respiratory Diseases
Yue Ma, Shui Qiu, Renyi Zhou Frontiers in Physiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Pilot Findings on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Pituitary Diseases: A Mini Review from Diagnosis to Pathophysiology
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- Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
- Heart Rate Variability in Postoperative Patients with Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma
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Jeonghoon Ha, Hansang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Minsoo Yeo, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Ki-Hyun Baek, Moo Il Kang, Dong-Jun Lim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):678-687. Published online June 10, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.978
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- Background
Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) has been reported to be associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Hypopituitarism in nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is often linked to increased cardiovascular mortality. We therefore hypothesized that postoperative NFPA patients with hormone deficiency have an elevated risk of HRV alterations indicating cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
Methods A total of 22 patients with NFPA were enrolled in the study. Between 3 and 6 months after surgery, a combined pituitary function test (CPFT) was performed, and HRV was measured. The period of sleep before the CPFT was deemed the most stable period, and the hypoglycemic period that occurred during the CPFT was defined as the most unstable period. Changes in HRV parameters in stable and unstable periods were observed and compared depending on the status of hormone deficiencies.
Results In patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency with other pituitary hormone deficiencies, the low frequency to high frequency ratio, which represents overall autonomic function and is increased in the disease state, was higher (P=0.005). Additionally, the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval, which decreases in the autonomic dysfunction state, was lower (P=0.030) during the hypoglycemic period. In panhypopituitarism, the low frequency to high frequency ratio during the hypoglycemic period was increased (P=0.007).
Conclusion HRV analysis during CPFT enables estimation of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with NFPA who develop ACTH deficiency with other pituitary hormone deficiencies or panhypopituitarism after surgery. These patients may require a preemptive assessment of cardiovascular risk.
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Maria Bernadette Cilona, Filippo D’Amico, Chiara Asperti, Giuseppe Alvise Ramirez, Stefano Turi, Giovanni Benanti, Shai Marc Bohane, Serena Nannipieri, Rosa Labanca, Matteo Gervasini, Federica Russetti, Naomi Viapiana, Martina Lezzi, Giovanni Landoni, Lor Vaccines.2023; 11(3): 567. CrossRef - Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Jeonghoon Ha, Kyoung Min Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(14): 4799. CrossRef - Effect of a 16-Session Qigong Program in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Keyla Vargas-Román, Emilia I. De la Fuente-Solana, Jonathan Cortés-Martín, Juan Carlos Sánchez-García, Christian J. González-Vargas, Lourdes Díaz-Rodríguez Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(12): 3421. CrossRef
- Clinical Study
- Association of Hyperparathyroidism and Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
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Chaiho Jeong, Hye In Kwon, Hansang Baek, Hun-Sung Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Moo Il Kang
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Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):925-932. Published online December 10, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.725
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- Background
Concomitant papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and hyperparathyroidism (HPT) have been reported in several studies. Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of concomitant PTC in HPT patients upon preoperative diagnosis and present a clinical opinion on detecting thyroid malignancy in case of parathyroidectomy.
Methods Patients who underwent parathyroidectomy between January 2009 and December 2019 in two medical centers were included. Of the 279 participants 154 were diagnosed as primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and 125 as secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). The incidence of concomitant PTC and its clinical characteristics were compared with 98 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and were diagnosed with classical PTC during the same period.
Results Concurrent PTC was detected in 14 patients (9.1%) with pHPT and in nine patients (7.2%) with sHPT. Ten (71.4%) and seven (77.8%) PTCs were microcarcinomas in the pHPT and sHPT cases respectively. In the pHPT patients, vitamin D was lower in the pHPT+PTC group (13.0±3.7 ng/mL) than in the pHPT-only group (18.5±10.4 ng/mL; P=0.01). Vitamin D levels were also lower in the sHPT+PTC group (12.3±5.6 ng/mL) than in the sHPT-only group (18.0±10.2 ng/mL; P=0.12). In the concomitant PTC group, lymph node ratio was higher than in the classical PTC group (P=0.00).
Conclusion A high prevalence of concomitant PTC was seen in patients with pHPT and sHPT. Those concomitant PTCs were mostly microcarcinomas and had more aggressive features, suggesting that efforts should be made to detect concomitant malignancies in the preoperative parathyroidectomy evaluation.
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Citations
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- Clinical Study
- Comparison of Natural Course between Thyroid Cancer Nodules and Thyroid Benign Nodules
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Kyun-Jin Yun, Jeonghoon Ha, Min-Hee Kim, Ye Young Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ki-Ho Song, Moo Il Kang, Ki-Hyun Baek
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Endocrinol Metab. 2019;34(2):195-202. Published online June 24, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2019.34.2.195
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- Background
The natural course of thyroid cancer nodules and benign nodules is different. This study was to compare the changes in size between thyroid cancer nodules and thyroid benign nodules. The risk factors associated with the changes of thyroid cancer nodules were assessed. MethodsThis study contains retrospective observational and prospective analysis. A total of 113 patients with 120 nodules were recruited in the cancer group, and 116 patients with 119 nodules were enrolled in the benign group. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed at least two times at more than 1-year interval. ResultsThe mean follow-up durations were 29.5±18.8 months (cancer group) and 31.9±15.8 months (benign group) (P=0.32). The maximum diameter change in length was 0.36±0.97 mm/year in the cancer group and –0.04±0.77 mm/year in the benign group (P<0.01). The volume was significantly increased in the cancer group compared with the benign group (0.06±0.18 mL/year vs. 0.004±0.05 mL/year, respectively, P<0.01; 26.9%±57.9%/year vs. 1.7%±26.0%/year, P<0.01). Initial maximum diameter (β=0.02, P<0.01) and initial volume (β=0.13, P<0.01) were significantly associated with volume change (mL)/year. Initial maximum standardized uptake value did not predict the nodule growth. ConclusionIt is suggested that thyroid cancer nodules progress rapidly compared with benign nodules. Initial size and volume of nodule were independent risk factors for cancer nodule growth.
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Sangeet Ghai, Ciara O’Brien, David P. Goldstein, Anna M. Sawka, Lorne Rotstein, Dale Brown, John de Almeida, Patrick Gullane, Ralph Gilbert, Douglas Chepeha, Jonathan Irish, Jesse Pasternak, Shereen Ezzat, James P. Brierley, Richard W. Tsang, Eric Monteir Insights into Imaging.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Association between various thyroid gland diseases, TSH values and thyroid cancer: a case–control study
Leif Schiffmann, Karel Kostev, Matthias Kalder Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2020; 146(11): 2989. CrossRef - Combination of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma and retinoid X receptor agonists induces sodium/iodide symporter expression and inhibits cell growth of human thyroid cancer cells
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Michael Cordes, Theresa Ida Götz, Karen Horstrup, Torsten Kuwert, Christian Schmidkonz BMC Cancer.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
- Thyroid
- Cholestyramine Use for Rapid Reversion to Euthyroid States in Patients with Thyrotoxicosis
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Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Borami Kang, Min-Hee Kim, Dong-Jun Lim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(3):476-479. Published online July 26, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.476
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Abstract
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Cholestyramine (CS) is an ion exchange resin, which binds to iodothyronines and would lower serum thyroid hormone level. The use of CS added to conventional antithyroid drugs to control thyrotoxicosis has been applied since 1980's, and several studies indicate that using CS in combination with methimazole (MZ) produces a more rapid decline in serum thyroid hormones than with only MZ treatment. Our recent retrospective review of five patients taking high dose MZ and CS, compared to age-, gender-, initial free thyroxine (T4) level-, and MZ dose-matched 12 patients with MZ use only, showed more rapid decline of both free T4 and triiodothyronine levels without more adverse events. CS could be safely applicable short-term adjunctive therapy when first-line antithyroid medications are not enough to adequately control severe thyrotoxicosis or side effects of antithyroid drug would be of great concern.
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Citations
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- Management Aspects of Medical Therapy in Graves’ Disease
Rutu Shah, Samantha E. Adamson, Sina Jasim Endocrine Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Therapeutic plasma exchange for Graves’ disease in pregnancy
Matthew Lumchee, Mimi Yue, Josephine Laurie, Adam Morton Obstetric Medicine.2023; 16(2): 126. CrossRef - Ventricular arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic therapy and thyroidal illness in advanced heart failure: a case report and review of the literature
Fatima Alsalama, Salma Alzaabi, Cynthia Salloum, Marilyne Abi Younes, Feras Bader, Hussam Ghalib, Bassam Atallah Drugs & Therapy Perspectives.2023; 39(4): 147. CrossRef - Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis and Treatment Complications in a Man With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report
Marvin Wei Jie Chua, Shao Feng Mok Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Propylthiouracil-induced agranulocytosis as a rare complication of antithyroid drugs in a patient with Graves’ disease
Patrícia Novais Rabelo, Paula Novais Rabelo, Allyne Fernanda de Paula, Samuel Amanso da Conceição, Daniela Pultrini Pereira de Oliveira Viggiano, Daniela Espíndola Antunes, Estela Muszkat Jatene, Sílvia Leda França Moura de Paula, Monike Lourenço Dias, Ma Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira.2019; 65(6): 755. CrossRef - Notes on Trauma-Related Thyroid Storm in the Emergency Department
Adam Morton The Journal of Emergency Medicine.2018; 54(2): e35. CrossRef - Risk of embryopathies with use of antithyroidal medications
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Reactions Weekly.2017; 1644(1): 291. CrossRef
- Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Denosumab: Insights beyond 10 Years of Use
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Jeonghoon Ha, Youn-Ju Lee, Jinyoung Kim, Chaiho Jeong, Yejee Lim, Jeongmin Lee, Ki-Hyun Baek, on Behalf of the Catholic Medical Center Bone Research Group
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Received July 30, 2024 Accepted October 10, 2024 Published online January 13, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2125
[Epub ahead of print]
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Abstract
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- Osteoporosis management in post-menopausal women focuses on fracture prevention, with denosumab as a key therapeutic option. Despite its proven efficacy in reducing fracture risk and increasing bone mineral density (BMD) over 10 years, its long-term impact remains uncertain. We evaluated the literature on its efficacy and safety beyond the initial decade. Clinical trials and real-world studies confirm denosumab’s sustained efficacy, especially in lumbar spine BMD, with hip BMD stabilizing. Concerns about adverse events (AEs) like hypocalcemia and osteonecrosis of the jaw necessitate vigilant monitoring. Risks of atypical femoral fractures and malignancies also require attention, despite unclear links to treatment duration. Clinical guidelines for denosumab beyond 10 years are limited, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring. In certain scenarios, such as advanced chronic kidney disease, prolonged denosumab may be required to balance AE risks with fracture prevention benefits. Denosumab shows potential for long-term efficacy in augmenting BMD; however, monitoring for AEs is crucial to guide clinical decision-making effectively.
- Effects of Sequential Anti-Resorptive Agents on Bone Mineral Density Following Denosumab Withdrawal: A Multicenter Real-World Study in Korea (MAXCARE Study)
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Jeonghoon Ha, Kyong Yeun Jung, Kyoung Jin Kim, Seong Hee Ahn, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Yoon-Sok Chung, on Behalf of MAXCARE Research Group
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Received October 31, 2024 Accepted January 13, 2025 Published online February 11, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2227
[Epub ahead of print]
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Abstract
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- Background
Denosumab is a potent anti-resorptive agent widely used for osteoporosis. However, its discontinuation results in a ‘rebound phenomenon’ of rapid bone loss, necessitating transition to alternative anti-resorptive therapies. Despite this, there is limited evidence to guide the selection of the most effective agent, particularly among bisphosphonates. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different anti-resorptive therapies following denosumab discontinuation in a real-world clinical setting.
Methods This retrospective study included 360 patients (low-dose alendronate/calcitriol combination [MXM, n=118], alendronate [ALD, n=53], risedronate [RIS, n=20], ibandronate [IBN, n=30], zoledronic acid [ZOL, n=106], selective estrogen receptor modulator [SERM, n=33]) who received at least 12 months of post-denosumab anti-resorptive therapy. Bone mineral density (BMD) changes from baseline and fracture patterns were assessed over the treatment period.
Results Baseline characteristics, including age and body mass index, were comparable across groups, with an average of 4.2 denosumab administrations per patient. The SERM group experienced the greatest BMD decline across all sites. Significant BMD reductions in the lumbar spine and femoral neck and in the femoral neck alone were observed in the IBN and RIS groups, respectively. While BMD decline was also observed in the MXM, ALD, and ZOL groups, these changes were not statistically significant.
Conclusion MXM, ALD, and ZOL mitigated BMD loss following denosumab discontinuation. Conversely, RIS, IBN, and SERM did not adequately prevent BMD decline. These findings underscore the importance of selecting the most appropriate sequential antiresorptive therapy in clinical practice to minimize BMD loss and reduce the risk of adverse outcomes.
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