- Adrenal Gland
- Aldosterone Immunoassay-Specific Cutoff Value for Seated Saline Suppression Test for Diagnosing Primary Aldosteronism
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So Yoon Kwon, Jiyun Park, So Hee Park, So Hyun Cho, You-Bin Lee, Soo-Youn Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(6):938-942. Published online December 6, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1535
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 Abstract
 PDF Supplementary Material PubReader  ePub  Crossref - TDM
- A seated saline loading test (SLT) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is one of the most accepted confirmatory tests of primary aldosteronism. However, LC-MS/MS is time-consuming and is not widely available in diagnostic laboratories compared to immunoassay. With immunoassay, it is unknown whether SLT in the seated position is more accurate than that of the supine position, and a cutoff value of post-seated SLT plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) must be established in the Korean population. Ninety-eight patients underwent SLT in both positions, and post-SLT PAC was measured by LC-MS/MS and radioimmunoassay. We confirmed primary aldosteronism if post-seated SLT PAC by LC-MS/MS exceeded 5.8 ng/dL. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was greater for seated than supine SLT (0.928 vs. 0.834, P=0.003). The optimal cutoff value of post-seated SLT by radioimmunoassay was 6.6 ng/dL (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 92.2%).
- Thyroid
- Graves’ Disease and the Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease: A Korean Population-Based Study
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Yoon Young Cho, Bongseong Kim, Dong Wook Shin, Hye Ryoun Jang, Bo-Yeon Kim, Chan-Hee Jung, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Kyungdo Han, Tae Hyuk Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):281-289. Published online April 6, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1333
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1,752
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2
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Abstract
PDFPubReader ePub Crossref - TDM
- Background
Hyperthyroidism is associated with an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the hyperdynamic state, which is reversible after restoring euthyroidism. However, long-term follow-up of renal dysfunction in patients with hyperthyroidism has not been performed.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance database and biannual health checkup data. We included 41,778 Graves’ disease (GD) patients and 41,778 healthy controls, matched by age and sex. The incidences of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were calculated in GD patients and controls. The cumulative dose and duration of antithyroid drugs (ATDs) were calculated for each patient and categorized into the highest, middle, and lowest tertiles.
Results
Among 41,778 GD patients, 55 ESRD cases occurred during 268,552 person-years of follow-up. Relative to the controls, regardless of smoking, drinking, or comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease, GD patients had a 47% lower risk of developing ESRD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37 to 0.76). In particular, GD patients with a higher baseline GFR (≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2; HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.99), longer treatment duration (>33 months; HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.58) or higher cumulative dose (>16,463 mg; HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.57) of ATDs had a significantly reduced risk of ESRD.
Conclusion
This was the first epidemiological study on the effect of GD on ESRD, and we demonstrated that GD population had a reduced risk for developing ESRD.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Effect of Hyperthyroidism on Preventing Renal Insufficiency
Tae Yong Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(2): 220. CrossRef - Effects and Clinical Value of Peritoneal Dialysis on Water and Water Balance, Adverse Reactions, Quality of Life, and Clinical Prognosis in Patients with Decompensated Chronic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Xichao Wang, Miaomiao Zhang, Na Sun, Wenxiu Chang, Gang Chen
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
- Adrenal Gland
- Contralateral Suppression at Adrenal Venous Sampling Is Associated with Renal Impairment Following Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism
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Ye Seul Yang, Seung Hun Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Jee Hee Yoo, Jung Hyun Lee, Seo Young Lee, A Ram Hong, Dong-Hwa Lee, Jung-Min Koh, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):875-884. Published online August 11, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1047
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2,961
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127
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5
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader ePub Crossref - TDM
- Background
Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is performed to distinguish the subtype of primary aldosteronism (PA). The clinical implication of contralateral suppression (CS; aldosterone/cortisolnondominantperipheral) at AVS remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of CS and its impact on postoperative outcomes after unilateral adrenalectomy.
Methods
In this retrospective observational multi-center study, we analyzed PA patients who underwent both successful adrenocorticotropin hormone-stimulated AVS and unilateral adrenalectomy. Successful cannulation was defined as the selectivity index (cortisoladrenal/ cortisolperipheral) ≥3. Clinical and biochemical outcomes after unilateral adrenalectomy were evaluated based on the international Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome consensus.
Results
Among 263 patients analyzed, 247 had CS (93.9%). Patients with CS had lower serum potassium levels, higher plasma aldosterone concentration, higher aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR), and larger adenoma size than those without CS. Those with CS showed significantly higher lateralization index than those without CS (P<0.001). Although postoperative blood pressure and ARR significantly decreased in those with CS, clinical and biochemical outcomes were comparable in both groups. When the cut-off value of age was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, patients aged ≥50 years old with contralateral suppression index (CSI; the ratio between aldosterone/cortisolnondominant and aldosterone/cortisolperipheral) ≤0.26 had greater odds ratio (6.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.30 to 31.69) of incident chronic kidney disease than those aged <50 years with CSI >0.26 after adjusting for other factors.
Conclusion
CS may not predict postoperative clinical and biochemical outcomes in subjects with unilateral aldosterone excess, but it is associated with postsurgical deterioration of renal function in subjects over 50 years with CSI ≤0.26.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Prognostic value of contralateral suppression on kidney function after surgery in patients with primary aldosteronism
Nathalie Voss, Sara Mørup, Caroline Clausen, Claus larsen Feltoft, Jan Viberg Jepsen, Mads Hornum, Mikkel Andreassen, Jesper Krogh
Clinical Endocrinology.2023; 98(3): 306. CrossRef - Factors Predicting Long-term Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decrease, a Reliable Indicator of Renal Function After Adrenalectomy in Primary Aldosteronism
Qiyu He, Zhimin Tan, Yu Liu, Liang Zhou
Endocrine Practice.2023; 29(3): 199. CrossRef - Prognostic value of contralateral suppression for remission after surgery in patients with primary aldosteronism
Sara Mørup, Nathalie Voss, Caroline Clausen, Claus Larsen Feltoft, Mikkel Andreassen, Jesper Krogh
Clinical Endocrinology.2022; 96(6): 793. CrossRef - Contralateral Suppression at Adrenal Venous Sampling Is Associated with Renal Impairment Following Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism (Endocrinol Metab 2021;36:875-84, Ye Seul Yang et al.)
Zhimin Tan, Qiyu He, Liang Zhou
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 951. CrossRef - Contralateral Suppression at Adrenal Venous Sampling Is Associated with Renal Impairment Following Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism (Endocrinol Metab 2021;36:875-84, Ye Seul Yang et al.)
Ye Seul Yang, Sang Wan Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 953. CrossRef
- Adrenal Gland
- Urinary Free Metanephrines for Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
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Jiyeon Ahn, Ji Yun Park, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Soo-Youn Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):697-701. Published online June 1, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.925
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2,757
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128
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1
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader ePub Crossref - TDM
- Background
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) is diagnosed through biochemical confirmation of excessive catecholamines in urine and plasma. Recent technological developments have allowed us to measure urinary free metanephrines; however, the diagnostic accuracy of these new methods and the diagnostic cutoff values have not been evaluated.
Methods
This is a retrospective study of 595 subjects, including 71 PPGL cases and 524 controls. PPGL was based on pathological confirmation. Subjects with no evidence of PPGL over 2 years were included in the control group.
Results
Urinary free metanephrines yielded similar area under the curve (AUC) to urinary fractionated metanephrines and plasma free metanephrines. However, urinary free normetanephrine yielded a better AUC than did urinary fractionated normetanephrine. The optimal cutoff for urinary free metanephrine and normetanephrine corrected for urinary creatinine yielded 97.2% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity.
Conclusion
Urinary free metanephrines are a reliable method for diagnosing PPGL in Asian populations compared with existing biochemical methods.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Adrenal bleeding due to pheochromocytoma - A call for algorithm
Ewelina Rzepka, Joanna Kokoszka, Anna Grochowska, Magdalena Ulatowska-Białas, Martyna Lech, Marta Opalińska, Elwira Przybylik-Mazurek, Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
- Diagnosis for Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: A Joint Position Statement of the Korean Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Task Force
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Eu Jeong Ku, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Chang Ho Ahn, Kyung Ae Lee, Seung Hun Lee, You-Bin Lee, Kyeong Hye Park, Yun Mi Choi, Namki Hong, A Ram Hong, Sang-Wook Kang, Byung Kwan Park, Moon-Woo Seong, Myungshin Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Chan Kwon Jung, Young Seok Cho, Jin Chul Paeng, Jae Hyeon Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Yumie Rhee, Chong Hwa Kim, Eun Jig Lee
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):322-338. Published online April 6, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.908
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4,386
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327
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4
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Abstract
PDFPubReader ePub Crossref - TDM
- Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGLs) are rare catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors but can be life-threatening. Although most PPGLs are benign, approximately 10% have metastatic potential. Approximately 40% cases are reported as harboring germline mutations. Therefore, timely and accurate diagnosis of PPGLs is crucial. For more than 130 years, clinical, molecular, biochemical, radiological, and pathological investigations have been rapidly advanced in the field of PPGLs. However, performing diagnostic studies to localize lesions and detect metastatic potential can be still challenging and complicated. Furthermore, great progress on genetics has shifted the paradigm of genetic testing of PPGLs. The Korean PPGL task force team consisting of the Korean Endocrine Society, the Korean Surgical Society, the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine, the Korean Society of Pathologists, and the Korean Society of Laboratory Medicine has developed this position statement focusing on the comprehensive and updated diagnosis for PPGLs.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - KSNM60 in Nuclear Endocrinology: from the Beginning to the Future
Chae Moon Hong, Young Jin Jeong, Hae Won Kim, Byeong-Cheol Ahn
Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2022; 56(1): 17. CrossRef - Change of Computed Tomography-Based Body Composition after Adrenalectomy in Patients with Pheochromocytoma
Yousun Ko, Heeryoel Jeong, Seungwoo Khang, Jeongjin Lee, Kyung Won Kim, Beom-Jun Kim
Cancers.2022; 14(8): 1967. CrossRef - Evaluation and Management of Bone Health in Patients with Thyroid Diseases: a Position Statement from the Korean Thyroid Association
A Ram Hong, Hwa Young Ahn, Bu Kyung Kim, Seong Hee Ahn, So Young Park, Min-Hee Kim, Jeongmin Lee, Sun Wook Cho, Ho-Cheol Kang
International Journal of Thyroidology.2022; 15(1): 1. CrossRef - Pheochromocytoma with Retroperitoneal Metastasis: A Case Report
建新 崔
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2021; 11(05): 2239. CrossRef
- Clinical Study
- Association of Body Mass Index with the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality: A Community-Based Prospective Study
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Ji Cheol Bae, Nam H. Cho, Jae Hyeon Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Sang-Man Jin, Moon-Kyu Lee
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Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):416-424. Published online June 24, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.416
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6,676
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131
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7
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader ePub Crossref - TDM
- Background
Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the most important sequelae of obesity and the leading cause of death. We evaluated the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes, CVD, and all-cause mortality in a prospective study of a Korean population.
Methods
The shapes of the associations were modeled by restricted cubic splines regression analysis. After categorizing all subjects (n=8,900) into octiles based on their BMI levels, we estimated the hazard ratio (HR) for the association of categorized BMI levels with the risk of incident CVD and type 2 diabetes using a Cox’s proportional hazard analysis.
Results
The mean age of participants was 52 years and 48% were men. Of the subjects at baseline, 39.0% of men and 45.6% of women were classified as obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). Over a mean follow-up of 8.1 years, CVD events occurred in 509 participants; 436 died; and 1,258 subjects developed type 2 diabetes. The increased risk of incident diabetes began to be significant at BMI 23 to 24 kg/m2 in both sexes (HR, 1.8). For CVD events, the risk began to increase significantly at BMI 26 to 28 kg/m2 (HR, 1.6). We found a reverse J-shaped relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality, with an increased risk among individuals with BMI values in lower range (BMI <21 kg/m2).
Conclusion
These results suggest that the BMI cut-off points for observed risk were varied depending on the diseases and that the BMI classification of obesity need to be revised to reflect differential risk of obesity-related diseases.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Metabolic status indicators and influencing factors in non-obese, non-centrally obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Zhipeng Huang, Donghong Wei, Xueping Yu, Zicheng Huang, Yijie Lin, Wenji Lin, Zhijun Su, Jianjia Jiang
Medicine.2023; 102(6): e32922. CrossRef - Body mass index at baseline directly predicts new-onset diabetes and to a lesser extent incident cardio-cerebrovascular events, but has a J-shaped relationship to all-cause mortality
Yoon-Jong Bae, Sang-Jun Shin, Hee-Taik Kang
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of Shift Work with Normal-Weight Obesity in Community-Dwelling Adults
Chul Woo Ahn, Sungjae Shin, Seunghyun Lee, Hye-Sun Park, Namki Hong, Yumie Rhee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(5): 781. CrossRef - The Prognostic Value of Combined Status of Body Mass Index and Psychological Well-Being for the Estimation of All-Cause and CVD Mortality Risk: Results from a Long-Term Cohort Study in Lithuania
Dalia Lukšienė, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Ricardas Radisauskas, Martin Bobak
Medicina.2022; 58(11): 1591. CrossRef - The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Aged Population: A Cohort Study
M. L. Tang, Y. Q. Zhou, A. Q. Song, J. L. Wang, Y. P. Wan, R. Y. Xu, Carol Forsblom
Journal of Diabetes Research.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef - Correlation between adiponectin level and the degree of fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Manal Sabry Mohamed, Tarek Mohammed Youssef, Esraa Ebrahim Abdullah, Ahmed Elmetwally Ahmed
Egyptian Liver Journal.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Obesity Measures as Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases among the Jordanian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Hana Alkhalidy, Aliaa Orabi, Khadeejah Alnaser, Islam Al-Shami, Tamara Alzboun, Mohammad D. Obeidat, Dongmin Liu
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(22): 12187. CrossRef
- Impact of Skeletal Muscle Mass on Metabolic Health
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Gyuri Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(1):1-6. Published online March 19, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.1.1
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7,080
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192
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51
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Abstract
PDFPubReader ePub Crossref - TDM
Skeletal muscle is regarded as an endocrine and paracrine organ. Muscle-derived secretory proteins, referred to as myokines, mediate interactions between skeletal muscle mass and other organs such as the liver, adipose tissue, pancreas, bone, and the cardiovascular system. As individuals age, reduced levels of physical activity and sarcopenia (loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength) are associated with physical frailty and disability. Recently, several studies have suggested that the loss of skeletal muscle mass may contribute to metabolic disease. Therefore, herein, we focus on the relationships between skeletal muscle mass and metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Clinical Study
- Triiodothyronine Levels Are Independently Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Euthyroid Middle-Aged Subjects
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Hye Jeong Kim, Ji Cheol Bae, Hyeong Kyu Park, Dong Won Byun, Kyoil Suh, Myung Hi Yoo, Jae Hyeon Kim, Yong-Ki Min, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
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Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(2):311-319. Published online May 13, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.2.311
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3,387
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26
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23
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader Crossref - TDM
- Background
Recent studies have shown an association between thyroid hormone levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among euthyroid individuals; however, there have been some inconsistencies between studies. Here, we evaluated the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and MetS in euthyroid middle-aged subjects in a large cohort. MethodsA retrospective analysis of 13,496 euthyroid middle-aged subjects who participated in comprehensive health examinations was performed. Subjects were grouped according to thyroid stimulating hormone, total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), and T3-to-T4 ratio quartile categories. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS according to thyroid hormone quartiles using logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. ResultsOf the study patients, 12% (n=1,664) had MetS. A higher T3 level and T3-to-T4 ratio were associated with unfavourable metabolic profiles, such as higher body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin, and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The proportion of participants with MetS increased across the T3 quartile categories (P for trend <0.001) and the T3-to-T4 ratio quartile categories (P for trend <0.001). The multi-variate-adjusted OR (95% confidence interval) for MetS in the highest T3 quartile group was 1.249 (1.020 to 1.529) compared to the lowest T3 quartile group, and that in the highest T3-to-T4 ratio quartile group was 1.458 (1.141 to 1.863) compared to the lowest T3-to-T4 ratio quartile group, even after adjustment for potential confounders. ConclusionSerum T3 levels and T3-to-T4 ratio are independently associated with MetS in euthyroid middle-aged subjects. Longitudinal studies are needed to define this association and its potential health implications.
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Citations
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Maša Kenda, Urša Pečar Fonović, Janko Kos, Marija Sollner Dolenc
Toxicology in Vitro.2022; 79: 105275. CrossRef - Could the ketogenic diet induce a shift in thyroid function and support a metabolic advantage in healthy participants? A pilot randomized-controlled-crossover trial
Stella Iacovides, Shane K. Maloney, Sindeep Bhana, Zareena Angamia, Rebecca M. Meiring, Carla Pegoraro
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(6): e0269440. CrossRef - Mediation effects of thyroid function in the associations between phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism in adults
Han-Bin Huang, Po-Keng Cheng, Chi-Ying Siao, Yuan-Ting C. Lo, Wei-Chun Chou, Po-Chin Huang
Environmental Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Cholinesterase homozygous genotype as susceptible biomarker of hypertriglyceridaemia for pesticide-exposed agricultural workers
Xingfan Zhou, Min Zhang, Yuqian Wang, Hailing Xia, Lijin Zhu, Guangyi Li, Li Rong, Huahuang Dong, Rui Chen, Shichuan Tang, Min Yu
Biomarkers.2021; 26(4): 335. CrossRef - Association between thyroid hormone and components of metabolic syndrome in euthyroid Korean adults
Kyung A. Shin, Eun Jae Kim
Medicine.2021; 100(51): e28409. CrossRef - Clinical Parameters Are More Likely to Be Associated with Thyroid Hormone Levels than with Thyrotropin Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Stephen P. Fitzgerald, Nigel G. Bean, Henrik Falhammar, Jono Tuke
Thyroid.2020; 30(12): 1695. CrossRef - The role of thyroid hormone in metabolism and metabolic syndrome
Patrícia de Fátima dos Santos Teixeira, Patrícia Borges dos Santos, Carmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura
Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 11: 204201882091786. CrossRef - Association between Abdominal Fat Distribution and Free Triiodothyronine in a Euthyroid Population
Xiaomin Nie, Yiting Xu, Xiaojing Ma, Yunfeng Xiao, Yufei Wang, Yuqian Bao
Obesity Facts.2020; 13(3): 358. CrossRef - Association of thyroid function with white coat hypertension and sustained hypertension
Peng Cai, Yan Peng, YuXi Chen, Li Li, Wei Chu, Yan Wang, Xukai Wang
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2019; 21(5): 674. CrossRef - Thyroid function is associated with body mass index and fasting plasma glucose in Thai euthyroid population
Amornpan Lertrit, La-or Chailurkit, Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul, Wichai Aekplakorn, Chutintorn Sriphrapradang
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2019; 13(1): 468. CrossRef - Thyroid disease and the metabolic syndrome
Ladan Mehran, Atieh Amouzegar, Fereidoun Azizi
Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity.2019; 26(5): 256. CrossRef - Morbid obez hastalarda kilo kaybının insulin direnci, bazal metabolizma hızı, antropometrik ölçümler ve tiroid fonksiyonlarına etkisi
Şenay DURMAZ CEYLAN, Şuuri Ahsen CEYLAN, Fatih EKER, Aşkın GÜNGÜNEŞ
Anadolu Güncel Tıp Dergisi.2019; 1(4): 99. CrossRef - Body Composition, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Metabolic Changes in Women Diagnosed with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Elena Izkhakov, Nachum Vaisman, Sophie Barnes, Micha Barchana, Naftali Stern, Lital Keinan-Boker
Thyroid.2019; 29(8): 1044. CrossRef - High TSH Level within Normal Range Is Associated with Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Inflammation, Hypercoagulability, and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Novel Cardiometabolic Marker
Yi-Cheng Chang, Shih-Che Hua, Chia-Hsuin Chang, Wei-Yi Kao, Hsiao-Lin Lee, Lee-Ming Chuang, Yen-Tsung Huang, Mei-Shu Lai
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(6): 817. CrossRef - Metabolic Syndrome, Thyroid Function and Autoimmunity - The PORMETS Study
Luís Raposo, Sandra Martins, Daniela Ferreira, João Tiago Guimarães, Ana Cristina Santos
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Xin Li, Tingting Yang, Zheng Sun
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Mohamed Larbi Hamlaoui, Ammar Ayachi, Aoulia Dekaken, Adel Gouri
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2018; 12(1): 1. CrossRef - High free triiodothyronine and free-triiodothyronine-to-free-thyroxine ratio levels are associated with metabolic syndrome in a euthyroid population
Diego Urrunaga-Pastor, Mirella Guarnizo-Poma, Enrique Moncada-Mapelli, Luis G. Aguirre, Herbert Lazaro-Alcantara, Socorro Paico-Palacios, Betzi Pantoja-Torres, Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2018; 12(2): 155. CrossRef - Exploring the association between thyroid- stimulating hormone and metabolic syndrome: A large population-based study
Yi-Chao Zhou, Wen-Hui Fang, Tung-Wei Kao, Chung-Ching Wang, Yaw-Wen Chang, Tao-Chun Peng, Chen-Jung Wu, Hui-Fang Yang, James Yi-Hsin Chan, Wei-Liang Chen, Tatsuo Shimosawa
PLOS ONE.2018; 13(6): e0199209. CrossRef - Thyroid function and metabolic syndrome in the population-based LifeLines cohort study
Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel, Hanneke J. C. M. Wouters, Sandra N. Slagter, Robert P. van Waateringe, Anneke C. Muller Kobold, Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Thera P. Links, Melanie M. van der Klauw
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - Hormetic effect of triiodothyronine in metabolically healthy obese persons
Ji Eun Jun, Tae Hyuk Kim, Seung-Eun Lee, You-Bin Lee, Jae Hwan Jee, Ji Cheol Bae, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Yong-Ki Min, Moon-Kyu Lee
Endocrine.2017; 57(3): 418. CrossRef - Association of triiodothyronine levels with future development of metabolic syndrome in euthyroid middle-aged subjects: a 6-year retrospective longitudinal study
Hye Jeong Kim, Ji Cheol Bae, Hyeong Kyu Park, Dong Won Byun, Kyoil Suh, Myung Hi Yoo, Jee Jae Hwan, Jae Hyeon Kim, Yong-Ki Min, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
European Journal of Endocrinology.2017; 176(4): 443. CrossRef - Articles inEndocrinology and Metabolismin 2016
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(1): 62. CrossRef
- Bilateral Adrenocortical Masses Producing Aldosterone and Cortisol Independently
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Seung-Eun Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Hyeri Seok, In Seub Shin, Yeong Hee Eun, Jung-Han Kim, Young Lyun Oh
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Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(4):607-613. Published online December 31, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.4.607
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2,970
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3
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Abstract
PDFPubReader Crossref - TDM
A 31-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with symptoms of hypertension and bilateral adrenocortical masses with no feature of Cushing syndrome. The serum aldosterone/renin ratio was elevated and the saline loading test showed no suppression of the plasma aldosterone level, consistent with a diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Overnight and low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests showed no suppression of serum cortisol, indicating a secondary diagnosis of subclinical Cushing syndrome. Adrenal vein sampling during the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test demonstrated excess secretion of cortisol from the left adrenal mass. A partial right adrenalectomy was performed, resulting in normalization of blood pressure, hypokalemia, and high aldosterone level, implying that the right adrenal mass was the main cause of the hyperaldosteronism. A total adrenalectomy for the left adrenal mass was later performed, resulting in a normalization of cortisol level. The final diagnosis was bilateral adrenocortical adenomas, which were secreting aldosterone and cortisol independently. This case is the first report of a concurrent cortisol-producing left adrenal adenoma and an aldosterone-producing right adrenal adenoma in Korea, as demonstrated by adrenal vein sampling and sequential removal of adrenal masses. -
Citations
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Rishi Raj, Philip A Kern, Neelima Ghanta, Edilfavia M Uy, Kamyar Asadipooya
Journal of the Endocrine Society.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Adrenal Venous Sampling for Subtype Diagnosis of Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Mitsuhide Naruse, Akiyo Tanabe, Koichi Yamamoto, Hiromi Rakugi, Mitsuhiro Kometani, Takashi Yoneda, Hiroki Kobayashi, Masanori Abe, Youichi Ohno, Nobuya Inagaki, Shoichiro Izawa, Masakatsu Sone
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(5): 965. CrossRef - Hypercortisolism and primary aldosteronism caused by bilateral adrenocortical adenomas: a case report
Kaiyun Ren, Jia Wei, Qilin Liu, Yuchun Zhu, Nianwei Wu, Ying Tang, Qianrui Li, Qianying Zhang, Yerong Yu, Zhenmei An, Jing Chen, Jianwei Li
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
- Using Growth Hormone Levels to Detect Macroadenoma in Patients with Acromegaly
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Ji Young Park, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Yong-Ki Min, Myung-Shik Lee, Moon-Kyu Lee, Kwang-Won Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):450-456. Published online December 29, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.450
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2,727
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4
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Abstract
PDFPubReader Crossref - TDM
- Background
The aim of this study was to assess the clinical differences between acromegalic patients with microadenoma and patients with macroadenoma, and to evaluate the predictive value of growth hormone (GH) levels for early detection of macroadenoma. MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 215 patients diagnosed with a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. The patients were divided into two groups: the microadenoma group and the macroadenoma group, and the clinical parameters were compared between these two groups. The most sensitive and specific GH values for predicting macroadenoma were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. ResultsCompared with the microadenoma group, the macroadenoma group had a significantly younger age, higher body mass index, higher prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadism, and a lower proportion of positive suppression to octreotide. However, there were no significant differences in the gender or in the prevalence of diabetes between the two groups. The tumor diameter was positively correlated with all GH values during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). All GH values were significantly higher in the macroadenoma group than the microadenoma group. Cut-off values for GH levels at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes for optimal discrimination between macroadenoma and microadenoma were 5.6, 5.7, 6.3, 6.0, and 5.8 ng/mL, respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed that the GH value at 30 minutes had the highest area under the curve. ConclusionThe GH level of 5.7 ng/mL or higher at 30 minutes during OGTT could provide sufficient information to detect macroadenoma at the time of diagnosis.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Sex differences in acromegaly at diagnosis: A nationwide cohort study and meta‐analysis of the literature
Jakob Dal, Benedikte G. Skov, Marianne Andersen, Ulla Feldt‐Rasmussen, Claus L. Feltoft, Jesper Karmisholt, Eigil H. Nielsen, Olaf M. Dekkers, Jens Otto L. Jørgensen
Clinical Endocrinology.2021; 94(4): 625. CrossRef - Pretreatment serum GH levels and cardio-metabolic comorbidities in acromegaly; analysis of data from Iran Pituitary Tumor Registry
Leila Hedayati Zafarghandi, Mohammad Ebrahim Khamseh, Milad Fooladgar, Shahrzad Mohseni, Mostafa Qorbani, Nahid Hashemi Madani, Mahboobeh Hemmatabadi, MohammadReza Mohajeri-Tehrani, Nooshin Shirzad
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2020; 19(1): 319. CrossRef - Increased serum nesfatin-1 levels in patients with acromegaly
Yakun Yang, Song Han, Zuocheng Yang, Pengfei Wang, Chang-Xiang Yan, Ning Liu
Medicine.2020; 99(40): e22432. CrossRef - Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2014
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(1): 47. CrossRef
- Association between Serum Albumin, Insulin Resistance, and Incident Diabetes in Nondiabetic Subjects
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Ji Cheol Bae, Sung Hwan Seo, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Myung-Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Won Young Lee, Eun Jung Rhee, Ki Won Oh
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Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(1):26-32. Published online March 25, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.1.26
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3,446
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28
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27
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Abstract
PDFPubReader Crossref - TDM
- Background
Serum albumin has been suggested to be associated with insulin resistance. We evaluated the association between serum albumin concentration and insulin resistance. We also investigated whether serum albumin level has an independent effect on the development of diabetes. MethodsIn our study, 9,029 subjects without diabetes, who underwent comprehensive health check-ups annually for 5 years, were categorized into tertiles based on their serum albumin levels at baseline. The odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of insulin resistance, defined as the top quartile of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and the presence of impaired fasting glucose and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, was evaluated cross-sectionally. Also, the hazard ratio (HR) for incident diabetes was estimated longitudinally, according to the baseline albumin tertiles using Cox proportional hazard analysis respectively. ResultsFrom the lowest to the highest tertile of albumin, the multivariable-adjusted ORs of insulin resistance increased significantly in both men and women. During the mean follow-up period of nearly 4 years, 556 (6.1%) subjects progressed to diabetes. The multivariable-adjusted HR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of diabetes in men were 1, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.40), and 1.10 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.41), respectively, from the lowest to the highest tertiles of baseline albumin. Corresponding values for women were 1, 1.21 (95% CI, 0.66 to 2.21), and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.56 to 2.02), respectively. ConclusionOur study showed that increased serum albumin level was associated with insulin resistance. However, serum albumin did not have an independent effect on the development of diabetes.
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Citations to this article as recorded by
- Sustained Maintenance of Normal Insulin-like Growth Factor-I during Pregnancy and Successful Delivery in an Acromegalic Patient with Octreotide-LAR(R) Treatment.
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Soo Kyoung Kim, Jung Hwa Jung, Jae Hyeon Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Alice Hyun Tan, Hee Kyung Kim, Ji In Lee, Hye Soo Chung, Kwang Won Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):213-216. Published online September 1, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.213
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Abstract
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- We report here on a 34-year-old Korean woman with active acromegaly and who received Octreotide-LAR(R) for 12 months following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. During Octreotide-LAR(R) treatment, the clinical improvement was paralleled with the decrease of the growth hormone levels to 1.1 ng/mL and the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels to 345.5 ng/mL. Octreotide-LAR(R) was discontinued when the patient was found to be at the 12th week of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the patient experienced clinical well-being and she maintained her IGF-I levels within the normal range for her age-matched despite discontinuation of Octreotide-LAR(R) treatment at early gestation. She delivered a full-term healthy male infant. The serum IGF-I levels of the patient increased progressively increased after delivery. This report describes a successful pregnancy in an acromegalic woman who was exposed to Octreotide-LAR(R) during the early gestational period. She and who showed an unexpected pattern of persistently normal IGF-I levels through the pregnancy despite discontinuation of Octreotide-LAR(R) therapy.
- Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.
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Hye Won Jang, Ji In Lee, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
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Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):183-191. Published online September 1, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.183
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1,579
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6
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PDF
- BACKGROUND
Studies on the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in Korea are very rare. METHODS: We enrolled 56 MTC patients who underwent surgery at Samsung Medical Center from 1995 to 2006. We analyzed their gender, age at diagnosis, the pathologic findings, the TNM stage, the association with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), RET protooncogene mutation and the, serum basal calcitonin levels before and after the surgery. We investigated the overall survival and the prognostic factors. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 46 years and the male/female ratio was 1:2.7. Fine needle aspiration cytology detected 61% of the MTC. The mean tumor size was 2.6 cm (range: 0.2-9.0 cm). Fifty-two percent of patients had the TNM stage more than III at the time of diagnosis. Distant metastasis was found in 5.3% (3/56) of the patients, either at the time of diagnosis or during the follow-up period. Hereditary MTC comprised of 23% of the patients and the disease developed at a younger age (38 years vs. 48 years, respectively, P < 0.05) with more bilaterality. RET protooncogene mutations were found in 27% (9/33) of the patients and most of them were in codon 634. After the primary surgery, the serum basal calcitonin levels were persistently elevated over 13 ng/L in 49% of the patients. The overall 5-year survival rate was 95.5%. Tumor size and distant metastasis were the significant prognostic factors for survival by univariate analysis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the clinicopathological characteristics of MTC and survival in Korea compared to those of the Western countries.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Preoperative Clinical and Sonographic Predictors for Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastases in Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Hye-Seon Oh, Hyemi Kwon, Eyun Song, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Eun Song, Tae Yong Kim, Jeong Hyun Lee, Suck Joon Hong, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Jung Hwan Baek, Won Gu Kim
Thyroid.2018; 28(3): 362. CrossRef - The Relationship between Ultrasonographic Features and Clinical Characteristics of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Min Joon Park, Young Sik Choi, Hee Sung Song, Beom Su Kim
Clinical Ultrasound.2018; 3(1): 8. CrossRef - Dynamic risk stratification for medullary thyroid cancer according to the response to initial therapy
Hyemi Kwon, Won Gu Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Eun Song, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Ki-Wook Chung, Jong Ho Yoon, Suck Joon Hong, Jung Hwan Baek, Jeong Hyun Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong
Endocrine.2016; 53(1): 174. CrossRef - Postoperative biochemical remission of serum calcitonin is the best predictive factor for recurrence-free survival of medullary thyroid cancer: a large-scale retrospective analysis over 30 years
Kyong Yeun Jung, Seok-Mo Kim, Won Sang Yoo, Bup-Woo Kim, Yong Sang Lee, Kyung Won Kim, Kyu Eun Lee, Jong Ju Jeong, Kee-Hyun Nam, Se Hoon Lee, Jeong Hun Hah, Woong Youn Chung, Ka Hee Yi, Do Joon Park, Yeo-Kyu Youn, Myung-Whun Sung, Bo Youn Cho, Cheong Soo
Clinical Endocrinology.2016; 84(4): 587. CrossRef - Changing trends in the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of medullary thyroid carcinoma
Hyemi Kwon, Won Gu Kim, Tae-Yon Sung, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Eun Song, Yu-Mi Lee, Jong Ho Yoon, Ki-Wook Chung, Suck Joon Hong, Jung Hwan Baek, Jeong Hyun Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2016; 113(2): 152. CrossRef - Localization of medullary thyroid carcinoma after surgery using 11C-methionine PET/CT: comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT
Hye Won Jang, Joon Young Choi, Ji In Lee, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyun Won Shin, Jung Hee Shin, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
Endocrine Journal.2010; 57(12): 1045. CrossRef
- The Efficacy of MIBG Scan as a Diagnostic and Docalization Test for Pheochromocytoma.
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Cheol Ku Park, Kyeong Won Kim, Do Hee Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Jun Gu Kang, San Wan Kim, Young Min Cho, Do Joon Park, Chan Soo Shin, Kyong Soo Park, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee, Seong Yeon Kim
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J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(1):21-28. Published online February 1, 2005
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.1.21
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Computed tomography(CT) is currently considered as the initial imaging procedure of choice for the localization of pheochromocytomas in most of the cases. 131I-or 123I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy(MIBG scan) was proven to be a highly specific tool for the detection of adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas, but was less sensitive than CT. The present study is aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a MIBG scan in diagnosis and localization of pheochromocytoma when compared to CT. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 27 patients who underwent a MIBG scan for a pheochromocytoma at the Seoul National University Hospital from the year 2000 and 2002. According to the pathological and clinical findings, in 16 the patients pheochromocytoma was confirmed to be positive and the rest 11 of the patients were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Pheochromocytomas was identified in 16 patients. Eleven of them were localized in adrenal gland and 5 were extra-adrenal lesions. The sensitivity to MIBG scan in adrenal lesions and extra-adrenal lesions, was 72%(8/11) and 40%(2/5) respectively. In our study, the overall sensitivity to MIBG scan was 62%(10/16), and overall specificity was 90.9%(10/11). By CT four were identified to have equivocal biochemical abnormalities, but were definite and extraadrenal tumors by MIBG scan showed abnormal uptakes in two of them. CONCLUSION: The MIBG scan was especially useful in 2 of the 27 patients but we had no experienced about the additional benefits of a MIBG scan in the other 25 cases. Our results reveal that a MIBG scan should be performed carefully for the diagnosis and localization of a pheochromocytoma, while considering cost and time of operation.
- Changes of Biochemical Bone Markers and Bone Mineral Density after Hormone Replacement Therapy in Korean Women.
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Kyong Soo Park, Do Joon Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Jeong Goo Kim
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J Korean Endocr Soc. 2000;15(2):226-236. Published online January 1, 2001
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Biochemical bone markers have been suggested to reflect postmenopausal high bone turnover. These markers could be useful in following response to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). But we have few studies about the sequential changes of biochemical bone markers and bone mass after HRT in Korean women, and it is unclear whether women with early menopause have different response to HRT from women with normal menopause. The aims of the present study were to see the sequential changes of biochemical bone markers and bone mass after HRT in Korean women, to examine whether a single baseline biochemical bone marker or a change in biochemical bone marker could predict subsequent bone mass, and to determine the difference of response to HRT between women with early menopause and women with normal menopause. METHODS: Postmenopausal women (n=21) were divided with into three groups according to their age at menopause (AAM): the first group with AAM < or = 43 years (early menopause group, n=7), the second group with 43 years < or = AAM < or = 50 years (n=4), and the third group with AAM > or = 50 years (normal menopause group, n=10). For the HRT, conjugated estrogen (0.625mg per day) and continuous or cyclic medroxyprogesterone (2.5-10mg per day) were administered. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at baseline and 12 months and biochemical bone markers were measured at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months during HRT. RESULTS: Deoxypyridinoline, type 1 collagen N-telopeptide, bone alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin were significantly decreased at 3 months, and mean percent changes from baseline of bone resorption markers were larger than those of bone formation markers. At 12 months, BMD was significantly increased at lumbar spine and Ward's triangle. But BMD was not significantly increased at femur neck and femur trochanter. Two baseline bone markers (bone alkaline phosphatase and type 1 collagen N-telopeptide) correlated with changes of BMD but any changes of bone markers at 3, 6 months didn't correlate with changes of BMD. In early menopause group, changes of bone markers and BMD were larger than those in normal menopause group, but the difference between the two groups was not significant. CONCLUSION: All four bone markers showed significant reduction at 3 months, but bone resorption markers were decreased more markedly and rapidly, and some baseline bone markers can predict the change of BMD after HRT. The difference of response to HRT between early menopause group and normal menopause group was not significant.
- The Diagnostic Value of a Low Dose (1ug) Rapid ACTH Stimulation Test to Assess the Adrenocortical Function.
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In Kyung Jung, Jae Seok Jeon, Young Joo Park, Chan Soo Shin, Kyoung Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee, Hee Jin Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim
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J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(3):433-442. Published online January 1, 2001
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Insulin induced hypoglycemia has been used to assess the adrenocortical function, but may be hazardous. The standard rapid ACTH stimulation test has been advocated as a substitute but is sometimes insensitive. In this study, low dose (1ug) rapid ACTH stimulation test was compared to insulin induced hypoglycemia and standard dose (250ug) rapid ACTH stimulation. METHODS: 27 patients (14 men and 13 women) with pituitary disease and definite adrenocortical dysfunction (14 patients were confirmed by insulin induced hypoglycemia) and 23 controls (pituitary control: 3 men and 7 women, confirmed by insulin induced hypoglycemia, normal control: 8 men and 5 women) were studied. All subjects underwent rapid ACTH stimulation test with 2 different level of stimulation (1 and 250ug). Serum cortisol levels were measured at 0, 30 and 60 min after each dose of ACTH injection. A normal response was defined as a peak cortisol value of 497nrnol/L (18ug/dL) or above, RESULTS: During rapid ACTH stimulation study in controls, the peak serum cortisol level was significantly lower (690+-25lnmol/L (25.0+-9.1ug/dL) vs. 933+-257nmol/L (33.8+-9.3ug/dL); p< 0.01) and the peak appeared earlier (30min. vs. 60min) after the administration of low dose ACTH than after standard dose. However, the serum cortisol level at 30min was not different. In patient group, each serum cortisol level at 30min and 60min had no difference between low and standard dose (p>0.1). None of these 27 patients showed normal response to low dose stimulation, but 2 of 27 did to standard dose. In controls, 19 of 23 showed normal response to low dose, and all of 23 did to standard dose (sensitivity 100% vs 92.5%, specificity 82.5% vs 100%). The results of low and high dose stimulation test agreed with those of insulin induced hypoglycemia (Kendalls g= 0.50 vs 0.92, p<0.01 vs 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of a low dose (1ug) rapid ACTH stimulation test showed good correlation with those of the standard dose (250ug) rapid ACTH stimulation test and insulin induced hypoglycemia. Thus it may be used in screening for the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.
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