- Effect of Mefloquine, a Gap Junction Blocker, on Circadian Period2 Gene Oscillation in the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Ex Vivo
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Jinmi Koo, Han Kyoung Choe, Hee-Dae Kim, Sung Kook Chun, Gi Hoon Son, Kyungjin Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(3):361-370. Published online December 9, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.3.361
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Abstract
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- Background
In mammals, the master circadian pacemaker is localized in an area of the ventral hypothalamus known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Previous studies have shown that pacemaker neurons in the SCN are highly coupled to one another, and this coupling is crucial for intrinsic self-sustainability of the SCN central clock, which is distinguished from peripheral oscillators. One plausible mechanism underlying the intercellular communication may involve direct electrical connections mediated by gap junctions. MethodsWe examined the effect of mefloquine, a neuronal gap junction blocker, on circadian Period 2 (Per2) gene oscillation in SCN slice cultures prepared from Per2::luciferase (PER2::LUC) knock-in mice using a real-time bioluminescence measurement system. ResultsAdministration of mefloquine causes instability in the pulse period and a slight reduction of amplitude in cyclic PER2::LUC expression. Blockade of gap junctions uncouples PER2::LUC-expressing cells, in terms of phase transition, which weakens synchrony among individual cellular rhythms. ConclusionThese findings suggest that neuronal gap junctions play an important role in synchronizing the central pacemaker neurons and contribute to the distinct self-sustainability of the SCN master clock.
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- High-Throughput Screening Assay for Detecting Drug-Induced Changes in Synchronized Neuronal Oscillations and Potential Seizure Risk Based on Ca2+ Fluorescence Measurements in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (hiPSC)-Derived Neuronal 2D and 3D Cultures
Hua-Rong Lu, Manabu Seo, Mohamed Kreir, Tetsuya Tanaka, Rie Yamoto, Cristina Altrocchi, Karel van Ammel, Fetene Tekle, Ly Pham, Xiang Yao, Ard Teisman, David J. Gallacher Cells.2023; 12(6): 958. CrossRef - The role of gap junctions in cell death and neuromodulation in the retina
Gergely Szarka, Márton Balogh, ÁdámJ Tengölics, Alma Ganczer, Béla Völgyi, Tamás Kovács-Öller Neural Regeneration Research.2021; 16(10): 1911. CrossRef - Programming effects of maternal stress on the circadian system of adult offspring
Seongsik Yun, Eun Jeong Lee, Han Kyoung Choe, Gi Hoon Son, Kyungjin Kim, Sooyoung Chung Experimental & Molecular Medicine.2020; 52(3): 473. CrossRef - Kisspeptin Neuron-Specific and Self-Sustained Calcium Oscillation in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus of Neonatal Mice: Regulatory Factors of its Synchronization
Doyeon Kim, Sangwon Jang, Jeongah Kim, Inah Park, Kyojin Ku, Mijung Choi, Sukwon Lee, Won Do Heo, Gi Hoon Son, Han Kyoung Choe, Kyungjin Kim Neuroendocrinology.2020; 110(11-12): 1010. CrossRef
- Obesity and Metabolism
- Effect of Resveratrol, a SIRT1 Activator, on the Interactions of the CLOCK/BMAL1 Complex
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Insung Park, Yool Lee, Hee-Dae Kim, Kyungjin Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(3):379-387. Published online September 25, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.3.379
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In mammals, the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer is a key transcription factor complex that drives the cyclic expression of clock-controlled genes involved in various physiological functions and behavioral consequences. Recently, a growing number of studies have reported a molecular link between the circadian clock and metabolism. In the present study, we explored the regulatory effects of SIRTUIN1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, on CLOCK/BMAL1-mediated clock gene expression. MethodsTo investigate the interaction between SIRT1 and CLOCK/BMAL1, we conducted bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analyses supplemented with immunocytochemistry assays. BiFC experiments employing deletion-specific mutants of BMAL1 were used to elucidate the specific domains that are necessary for the SIRT1-BMAL1 interaction. Additionally, luciferase reporter assays were used to delineate the effects of SIRT1 on circadian gene expression. ResultsBiFC analysis revealed that SIRT1 interacted with both CLOCK and BMAL1 in most cell nuclei. As revealed by BiFC assays using various BMAL1 deletion mutants, the PAS-B domain of BMAL1 was essential for interaction with SIRT1. Activation of SIRT1 with resveratrol did not exert any significant change on the interaction with the CLOCK/BMAL1 complex. However, promoter analysis using Per1-Luc and Ebox-Luc reporters showed that SIRT1 significantly downregulated both promoter activities. This inhibitory effect was intensified by treatment with resveratrol, indicating a role for SIRT1 and its activator in CLOCK/BMAL1-mediated transcription of clock genes. ConclusionThese results suggest that SIRT1 may form a regulatory complex with CLOCK/BMAL1 that represses clock gene expression, probably via deacetylase activity.
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