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Hee Kyung Kim  (Kim HK) 25 Articles
Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Study Design and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of a Triple Combination of Ezetimibe, Fenofibrate, and Moderate-Intensity Statin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors (ENSEMBLE)
Nam Hoon Kim, Juneyoung Lee, Suk Chon, Jae Myung Yu, In-Kyung Jeong, Soo Lim, Won Jun Kim, Keeho Song, Ho Chan Cho, Hea Min Yu, Kyoung-Ah Kim, Sang Soo Kim, Soon Hee Lee, Chong Hwa Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Yong‐ho Lee, Choon Hee Chung, Sihoon Lee, Heung Yong Jin, Jae Hyuk Lee, Gwanpyo Koh, Sang-Yong Kim, Jaetaek Kim, Ju Hee Lee, Tae Nyun Kim, Hyun Jeong Jeon, Ji Hyun Lee, Jae-Han Jeon, Hye Jin Yoo, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyeong-Kyu Park, Il Seong Nam-Goong, Seongbin Hong, Chul Woo Ahn, Ji Hee Yu, Jong Heon Park, Keun-Gyu Park, Chan Ho Park, Kyong Hye Joung, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Keun Yong Park, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Bong-Soo Cha, Kyu Chang Won, Yoon-Sok Chung, Sin Gon Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(5):722-731.   Published online August 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1995
  • 1,304 View
  • 141 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Atherogenic dyslipidemia, which is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance, contributes to the development of vascular complications. Statin therapy is the primary approach to dyslipidemia management in T2D, however, the role of non-statin therapy remains unclear. Ezetimibe reduces cholesterol burden by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption. Fibrates lower triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels via peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor alpha agonism. Therefore, when combined, these drugs effectively lower non-HDL-C levels. Despite this, few clinical trials have specifically targeted non-HDL-C, and the efficacy of triple combination therapies, including statins, ezetimibe, and fibrates, has yet to be determined.
Methods
This is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, active-comparator controlled trial involving 3,958 eligible participants with T2D, cardiovascular risk factors, and elevated non-HDL-C (≥100 mg/dL). Participants, already on moderate-intensity statins, will be randomly assigned to either Ezefeno (ezetimibe/fenofibrate) addition or statin dose-escalation. The primary end point is the development of a composite of major adverse cardiovascular and diabetic microvascular events over 48 months.
Conclusion
This trial aims to assess whether combining statins, ezetimibe, and fenofibrate is as effective as, or possibly superior to, statin monotherapy intensification in lowering cardiovascular and microvascular disease risk for patients with T2D. This could propose a novel therapeutic approach for managing dyslipidemia in T2D.
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Thyroid
Prognostic Roles of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer Treated with Lenvatinib
Chae A Kim, Mijin Kim, Meihua Jin, Hee Kyung Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Jun Lim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Dong Yeob Shin, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):334-343.   Published online April 4, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1854
  • 2,006 View
  • 62 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Inflammatory biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), serve as valuable prognostic indicators in various cancers. This multicenter, retrospective cohort study assessed the treatment outcomes of lenvatinib in 71 patients with radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory thyroid cancer, considering the baseline inflammatory biomarkers.
Methods
This study retrospectively included patients from five tertiary hospitals in Korea whose complete blood counts were available before lenvatinib treatment. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated based on the median value of inflammatory biomarkers.
Results
No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed among patients grouped according to the inflammatory biomarkers, except for older patients with a higher-than-median NLR (≥2) compared to their counterparts with a lower NLR (P= 0.01). Patients with a higher-than-median NLR had significantly shorter PFS (P=0.02) and OS (P=0.017) than those with a lower NLR. In multivariate analysis, a higher-than-median NLR was significantly associated with poor OS (hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 7.29; P=0.015). However, neither the LMR nor the PLR was associated with PFS. A higher-than-median LMR (≥3.9) was significantly associated with prolonged OS compared to a lower LMR (P=0.036). In contrast, a higher-than-median PLR (≥142.1) was associated with shorter OS compared to a lower PLR (P=0.039).
Conclusion
Baseline inflammatory biomarkers can serve as predictive indicators of PFS and OS in patients with RAI-refractory thyroid cancer treated with lenvatinib.
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Thyroid
Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma as an Acceptable Management Option with Additional Benefits: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Jee Hee Yoon, Wonsuk Choi, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):152-163.   Published online January 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1794
  • 2,881 View
  • 138 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Active surveillance (AS) has been introduced as a management strategy for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) due to its typically indolent nature. Despite this, the widespread adoption of AS has encountered several challenges. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the safety of AS related to disease progression and its benefits compared with immediate surgery (IS).
Methods
Studies related to AS in patients with low-risk PTC were searched through the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed databases. Studies on disease progression, surgical complication, quality of life (QoL), and cost-effectiveness were separately analyzed and narratively synthesized.
Results
In the evaluation of disease progression, the proportions of cases with tumor growth ≥3 mm and a volume increase >50% were 2.2%–10.8% and 16.0%–25.5%, respectively. Newly detected lymph node metastasis was identified in 0.0%–1.4% of patients. No significant difference was found between IS and delayed surgery in surgical complications, including vocal cord paralysis and postoperative hypoparathyroidism. AS was associated with better QoL than IS. Studies on the cost-effectiveness of AS reported inconsistent data, but AS was more cost-effective when quality-adjusted life years were considered.
Conclusion
AS is an acceptable management option for patients with low-risk PTC based on the low rate of disease progression and the absence of an increased mortality risk. AS has additional benefits, including improved QoL and greater QoL-based cost-effectiveness.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • It Is Time to Understand the Additional Benefits of Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
    Kyeong Jin Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 95.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid Nodules: Past, Present, and Future
    Alan A. Parsa, Hossein Gharib
    Endocrine Practice.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Thyroid
Thyroid Cancer Screening
A Comprehensive Assessment of the Harms of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy for Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review
Ji Yong Park, Wonsuk Choi, A Ram Hong, Jee Hee Yoon, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):104-116.   Published online February 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1669
  • 6,897 View
  • 210 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
There have concerns related with the potential harms of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). We aimed to summarize the clinical complications and evaluate the safety of FNAB.
Methods
Studies related with the harms of FNAB were searched on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, and KoreaMed from 2012 to 2022. Also, studies reviewed in the previous systematic reviews were evaluated. Included clinical complications were postprocedural pain, bleeding events, neurological symptoms, tracheal puncture, infections, post-FNAB thyrotoxicosis, and needle tract implantation of thyroid cancers.
Results
Twenty-three cohort studies were included in this review. Nine studies which were related with FNAB-related pain showed that most of the subjects had no or mild discomfort. The 0% to 6.4% of the patients had hematoma or hemorrhage after FNAB, according to 15 studies. Vasovagal reaction, vocal cord palsy, and tracheal puncture have rarely described in the included studies. Needle tract implantation of thyroid malignancies was described in three studies reporting 0.02% to 0.19% of the incidence rate.
Conclusion
FNAB is considered to be a safe diagnostic procedure with rare complications, which are mainly minor events. Thorough assessement of the patients’ medical condition when deciding to perform FNABs would be advisable to lower potential complications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A Narrative Review of the 2023 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guideline for Patients with Thyroid Nodules
    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong Gyu Na
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 61.     CrossRef
  • Fine-needle aspiration cytology for neck lesions in patients with antithrombotic/anticoagulant medications: systematic review and meta-analysis
    Dongbin Ahn, Ji Hye Kwak, Gill Joon Lee, Jin Ho Sohn
    European Radiology.2024; 34(10): 6843.     CrossRef
  • 2023 Update of the Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Nodules
    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park
    Clinical Thyroidology®.2024; 36(4): 153.     CrossRef
  • Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines on the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers; Part II. Follow-up Surveillance after Initial Treatment 2024
    Mijin Kim, Ji-In Bang, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Young Joo Park, Youngduk Seo, Young Shin Song, So Won Oh, Sang-Woo Lee, Eun Kyung Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Ari Chong, Yun Jae Chung, Chae Moon Hong, Min Kyoung Lee, Bo Hyun Kim
    International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(1): 115.     CrossRef
  • Needle size for thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology. A single institution experience
    Pasquale Cianci, Rocco Tumolo, Ivana Conversano, Damiano Travaglia, Giuseppe Trigiante, Giuliano Lantone, Vincenzo Lizzi, Miriam Cappiello, Marco Montagna, Fabio Pio Curci, Enrico Restini
    Frontiers in Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Important Role of Ultrasonography Immediately After Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules to Detect Acute Transient Thyroid Swelling
    Kouichi Yoshimoto, Shinya Satoh, Hisakazu Shindo, Kento Katsuyama, Daisuke Tatsushima, Takashi Fukuda, Seigo Tachibana, Yusuke Mori, Hiroshi Takahashi, Yuji Nagayama, Hiroyuki Yamashita
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessing the feasibility of ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3-Opus in thyroid nodule classification based on ultrasound images
    Ziman Chen, Nonhlanhla Chambara, Chaoqun Wu, Xina Lo, Shirley Yuk Wah Liu, Simon Takadiyi Gunda, Xinyang Han, Jingguo Qu, Fei Chen, Michael Tin Cheung Ying
    Endocrine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • To Screen or Not to Screen?
    Do Joon Park
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 69.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid Cancer Screening: How to Maximize Its Benefits and Minimize Its Harms
    Jung Hwan Baek
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 75.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Appropriateness of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration
    Lairce Cristina Ribeiro Brito, Iara Beatriz De Carvalho Botêlho, Lanna Matos Silva Fernandes, Nayze Lucena Sangreman Aldeman, Uziel Nunes Silva
    International Journal for Innovation Education and Research.2023; 11(6): 8.     CrossRef
  • A Retrospective Analysis of Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy for Thyroid Diseases Indicating Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
    Yoshiyuki SAITO, Wataru KITAGAWA, Ryohei KATOH, Takashi AMANO, Ai MATSUI, Yoko KUGA, Chie MASAKI, Junko AKAISHI, Ritsuko OKAMURA, Akifumi SUZUKI, Kenichi MATSUZU, Mitsuji NAGAHAMA, Kiminori SUGINO, Koichi ITO
    Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2023; 84(12): 1835.     CrossRef
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Miscellaneous
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Endocrine Disorders: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
Hyemi Kwon, Eun Roh, Chang Ho Ahn, Hee Kyung Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyong Yeun Jung, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Heui Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sangmo Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Jun Sung Moon, Jin Hwa Kim, Mi-kyung Kim, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of the Korean Endocrine Society
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(6):839-850.   Published online December 26, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1627
  • 4,722 View
  • 343 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 inhibitor, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, and anti-PD-ligand 1 inhibitors are representative therapeutics for various malignancies. In oncology, the application of ICIs is currently expanding to a wider range of malignancies due to their remarkable clinical outcomes. ICIs target immune checkpoints which suppress the activity of T-cells that are specific for tumor antigens, thereby allowing tumor cells to escape the immune response. However, immune checkpoints also play a crucial role in preventing autoimmune reactions. Therefore, ICIs targeting immune checkpoints can trigger various immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially in endocrine organs. Considering the endocrine organs that are frequently involved, irAEs associated endocrinopathies are frequently life-threatening and have unfavorable clinical implications for patients. However, there are very limited data from large clinical trials that would inform the development of clinical guidelines for patients with irAEs associated endocrinopathies. Considering the current clinical situation, in which the scope and scale of the application of ICIs are increasing, position statements from clinical specialists play an essential role in providing the appropriate recommendations based on both medical evidence and clinical experience. As endocrinologists, we would like to present precautions and recommendations for the management of immune-related endocrine disorders, especially those involving the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands caused by ICIs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Patterns of hormonal changes in hypophysitis by immune checkpoint inhibitor
    Hyunji Sang, Yun Kyung Cho, Sang-hyeok Go, Hwa Jung Kim, Eun Hee Koh
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(5): 801.     CrossRef
  • Pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib for radically unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the Japanese population
    Ryo Fujiwara, Takeshi yuasa, kenichi kobayashi, tetsuya yoshida, susumu kageyama
    Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2023; 23(5): 461.     CrossRef
  • Incidence of Endocrine-Related Dysfunction in Patients Treated with New Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review
    Won Sang Yoo, Eu Jeong Ku, Eun Kyung Lee, Hwa Young Ahn
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 750.     CrossRef
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Thyroid
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Coexisting Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Jee Hee Yoon, Meihua Jin, Mijin Kim, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Min Ji Jeon, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1268-1276.   Published online November 26, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1227
  • 5,786 View
  • 195 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
The association between Graves’ disease (GD) and co-existing thyroid cancer is still controversial and most of the previously reported data have been based on surgically treated GD patients. This study investigated the clinicopathological findings and prognosis of concomitant thyroid cancer in GD patients in the era of widespread application of ultrasonography.
Methods
Data of GD patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer between 2010 and 2019 in three tertiary hospitals in South Korea (Asan Medical Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, and Pusan National University Hospital) were collected and analyzed retrospectively. In the subgroup analysis, aggressiveness and clinical outcomes of thyroid cancer were compared nodular GD and non-nodular GD groups according to the presence or absence of the thyroid nodules other than thyroid cancer (index nodules).
Results
Of the 15,159 GD patients treated at the hospitals during the study period, 262 (1.7%) underwent thyroidectomy for coexisting thyroid cancer. Eleven patients (4.2%) were diagnosed with occult thyroid cancer and 182 patients (69.5%) had microcarcinomas. No differences in thyroid cancer aggressiveness, ultrasonographic findings, or prognosis were observed between the nodular GD and non-nodular GD groups except the cancer subtype. In the multivariate analysis, only lymph node (LN) metastasis was an independent prognostic factor for recurrent/persistent disease of thyroid cancer arising in GD (P=0.020).
Conclusion
The prevalence of concomitant thyroid cancer in GD patients was considerably lower than in previous reports. The clinical outcomes of thyroid cancer in GD patients were also excellent but, more cautious follow-up is necessary for patients with LN metastasis in the same way as for thyroid cancer in non-GD patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Transoral Versus Open Thyroidectomy for Graves Disease
    Suo-Hsien Wang, Wu-Po Chao, Ta-You Lo, Soh-Ching Ng, Yu-Hsien Chen
    Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2024; 34(2): 150.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of Immune Infiltrate Along the Leading Edge of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
    Anupam Kotwal, Krysten Vance, Kemal Hajric, Ana Yuil-Valdes, Benjamin Swanson, Ernesto Martinez Duarte, Oleg Shats, Michael Hollingsworth, Hamid Band, Whitney Goldner
    Thyroid®.2024; 34(8): 999.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Risk Factors for the Progression of Patients with T1b-T2 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PC) during Long-Term Follow-Up
    Andrea Marongiu, Susanna Nuvoli, Andrea De Vito, Antonio Mura, Sonia Vargiu, Angela Spanu, Giuseppe Madeddu
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(18): 5373.     CrossRef
  • Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience of 216 Cases
    Hanxing Sun, Hui Tong, Xiaohui Shen, Haoji Gao, Jie Kuang, Xi Chen, Qinyu Li, Weihua Qiu, Zhuoran Liu, Jiqi Yan
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(4): 1308.     CrossRef
  • Cancer and Mortality Risks of Graves’ Disease in South Korea Based on National Data from 2010 to 2019
    Young Ju Choi, Kyungdo Han, Won Kyoung Cho, Min Ho Jung, Byung-Kyu Suh
    Clinical Epidemiology.2023; Volume 15: 535.     CrossRef
  • Risk and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Graves’ Disease: An Umbrella Review
    Marco Palella, Francesca Maria Giustolisi, Adriana Modica Fiascaro, Martina Fichera, Antonella Palmieri, Rossella Cannarella, Aldo E. Calogero, Margherita Ferrante, Maria Fiore
    Cancers.2023; 15(10): 2724.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics, staging and outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer in patients with and without Graves’ disease
    Chaitra Gopinath, Hanna Crow, Sujata Panthi, Leonidas Bantis, Kenneth D. Burman, Chitra Choudhary
    Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology.2023; 33: 100321.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence, Treatment Status, and Comorbidities of Hyperthyroidism in Korea from 2003 to 2018: A Nationwide Population Study
    Hwa Young Ahn, Sun Wook Cho, Mi Young Lee, Young Joo Park, Bon Seok Koo, Hang-Seok Chang, Ka Hee Yi
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 436.     CrossRef
  • Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Follow-Up Study in Patients with Absence of Aggressive Risk Factors at the Surgery of the Primary Tumor
    Andrea Marongiu, Susanna Nuvoli, Andrea De Vito, Sonia Vargiu, Angela Spanu, Giuseppe Madeddu
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(19): 3068.     CrossRef
  • Table of Contents

    Clinical Thyroidology.2022; 34(2): 48.     CrossRef
  • Predisposition to and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer May Not Be Affected by Graves’ Disease, But Some Questions Still Remain
    Yanrui Huang, Haixia Guan
    Clinical Thyroidology.2022; 34(2): 59.     CrossRef
  • A Comparative Follow-Up Study of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated or Not with Graves’ Disease
    Andrea Marongiu, Susanna Nuvoli, Andrea De Vito, Maria Rondini, Angela Spanu, Giuseppe Madeddu
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(11): 2801.     CrossRef
  • An unusual case of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as Graves’ disease
    Pooja Tiwari, Uma Kaimal Saikia, Abhamoni Baro, Ashok Krishna Bhuyan
    Thyroid Research and Practice.2022; 19(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • An unusual case of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as Graves’ disease
    Pooja Tiwari, Uma Kaimal Saikia, Abhamoni Baro, Ashok Krishna Bhuyan
    Thyroid Research and Practice.2021; 18(3): 129.     CrossRef
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Thyroid
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study in South Korea
Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Yea Eun Kang, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):1078-1085.   Published online October 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1151
  • 4,822 View
  • 121 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC), a type of thyroid carcinoma, is rare in South Korea, and few studies have investigated its prognosis.
Methods
This long-term multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in patients with HCC who underwent thyroid surgery between 1996 and 2009.
Results
The mean age of the 97 patients included in the study was 50.3 years, and 26.8% were male. The mean size of the primary tumor was 3.2±1.8 cm, and three (3.1%) patients had distant metastasis at initial diagnosis. Ultrasonographic findings were available for 73 patients; the number of nodules with low-, intermediate-, and high suspicion was 28 (38.4%), 27 (37.0%), and 18 (24.7%), respectively, based on the Korean-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System. Preoperatively, follicular neoplasm (FN) or suspicion for FN accounted for 65.2% of the cases according to the Bethesda category, and 13% had malignancy or suspicious for malignancy. During a median follow-up of 8.5 years, eight (8.2%) patients had persistent/recurrent disease, and none died of HCC. Older age, gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and widely invasive types of tumors were significantly associated with distant metastasis (all P<0.01). Gross ETE (hazard ratio [HR], 27.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 to 346.4; P=0.01) and widely invasive classification (HR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 39.4; P=0.04) were independent risk factors for poor disease-free survival (DFS).
Conclusion
The long-term prognosis of HCC is relatively favorable in South Korea from this study, although this is not a nation-wide data, and gross ETE and widely invasive cancer are significant prognostic factors for DFS. The diagnosis of HCC by ultrasonography and cytopathology remains challenging.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Molecular Alterations and Comprehensive Clinical Management of Oncocytic Thyroid Carcinoma
    Lindsay A. Bischoff, Ian Ganly, Laura Fugazzola, Erin Buczek, William C. Faquin, Bryan R. Haugen, Bryan McIver, Caitlin P. McMullen, Kate Newbold, Daniel J. Rocke, Marika D. Russell, Mabel Ryder, Peter M. Sadow, Eric Sherman, Maisie Shindo, David C. Shonk
    JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery.2024; 150(3): 265.     CrossRef
  • Oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid: Conclusions from a 20‐year patient cohort
    Nelson R. Gruszczynski, Shahzeb S. Hasan, Ana G. Brennan, Julian De La Chapa, Adithya S. Reddy, David N. Martin, Prem P. Batchala, Edward B. Stelow, Eric M. Dowling, Katherine L. Fedder, Jonathan C. Garneau, David C. Shonka
    Head & Neck.2024; 46(8): 2042.     CrossRef
  • Oncocytic cell carcinoma of the thyroid with TERT promoter mutation presenting as asphyxia in an elderly: a case report
    Xiqian Wang, Yingao Liu, Lijie Chen, Jie Zhang, Ruoyu Jiang, Lei Zhang, Han Yan, Jie Zhang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical Considerations of Oncocytic Thyroid Cancer: A Review
    Soo Young Kim
    Journal of Endocrine Surgery.2024; 24(3): 49.     CrossRef
  • Mitochondrial Proteome Defined Molecular Pathological Characteristics of Oncocytic Thyroid Tumors
    Lu Li, Likun Zhang, Wenhao Jiang, Zhiqiang Gui, Zhihong Wang, Hao Zhang, Yi He, Yi Zhu, Tiannan Guo, Haixia Guan, Zhiyan Liu, Yaoting Sun, Jianqing Gao
    Endocrine Pathology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Hurthle cell carcinoma - a rare variant of thyroid malignancy: a case report
    Yuvraj Adhikari, Anupama Marasini, Nawaraj Adhikari, Laxman Dutta Paneru, Binit Upadhaya Regmi, Manita Raut
    Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: Single Center Analysis and Considerations for Surgical Management Based on the Recent Literature
    Costanza Chiapponi, Milan J.M. Hartmann, Matthias Schmidt, Michael Faust, Christiane J. Bruns, Anne M. Schultheis, Hakan Alakus
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Miscellaneous
COVID-19 Vaccination for Endocrine Patients: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyong Yeun Jung, Chang Ho Ahn, Jun Sung Moon, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Heui Kim, Hyemi Kwon, Hee Kyung Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sangmo Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Eun Roh, Jin Hwa Kim, Mi-kyung Kim, the Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of the Korean Endocrine Society
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):757-765.   Published online August 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.404
  • 11,766 View
  • 426 Download
  • 20 Web of Science
  • 21 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Since the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ongoing efforts have been made to discover an efficacious vaccine against COVID-19 to combat the pandemic. In most countries, both mRNA and DNA vaccines have been administered, and their side effects have also been reported. The clinical course of COVID-19 and the effects of vaccination against COVID-19 are both influenced by patients’ health status and involve a systemic physiological response. In view of the systemic function of endocrine hormones, endocrine disorders themselves and the therapeutics used to treat them can influence the outcomes of vaccination for COVID-19. However, there are very limited data to support the development of clinical guidelines for patients with specific medical backgrounds based on large clinical trials. In the current severe circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, position statements made by clinical specialists are essential to provide appropriate recommendations based on both medical evidence and clinical experiences. As endocrinologists, we would like to present the medical background of COVID-19 vaccination, as well as precautions to prevent the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with specific endocrine disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, hypogonadism, and pituitary disorders.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • COVID-19 mRNA vaccine may trigger subacute thyroiditis
    Mehmet Sözen, Ömercan Topaloğlu, Berrin Çetinarslan, Alev Selek, Zeynep Cantürk, Emre Gezer, Damla Köksalan, Taner Bayraktaroğlu
    Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2024; 17(12): 5120.     CrossRef
  • The role of co-morbidities in the development of an AEFI after COVID-19 vaccination in a large prospective cohort with patient-reported outcomes in the Netherlands
    C. Ouaddouh, J.W. Duijster, T. Lieber, F.P.A.M. van Hunsel
    Expert Opinion on Drug Safety.2024; 23(3): 323.     CrossRef
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Close layer
Thyroid
Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Graves’ Disease and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis in Korean Patients
Jee Hee Yoon, Min-ho Shin, Hee Nam Kim, Wonsuk Choi, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):599-606.   Published online June 2, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.965
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has an important role in regulating immune reactions by binding to programmed death 1 (PD-1) on immune cells, which could prevent the exacerbation of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of PD-L1 polymorphism with AITD, including Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT).
Methods
A total of 189 GD patients, 234 HT patients, and 846 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. We analyzed PD-L1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs822339) and investigated the associations with clinical disease course and outcome.
Results
Genotype frequency at the PD-L1 marker RS822339 in GD (P=0.219) and HT (P=0.764) patients did not differ from that among healthy controls. In patients with GD, the A/G or G/G genotype group demonstrated higher TBII titer (20.6±20.5 vs. 28.0± 25.8, P=0.044) and longer treatment duration (39.0±40.4 months vs. 62.4±65.0 months, P=0.003) compared to the A/A genotype group. Among patients in whom anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody was measured after treatment of GD, post-treatment antiTPO positivity was higher in the A/G or G/G genotype group compared to the A/A genotype group (48.1% vs. 69.9%, P=0.045). Among patients with HT, there was no significant difference of anti-TPO antibody positivity (79.4% vs. 68.6%, P=0.121), anti-thyroglobulin antibody positivity (80.9% vs. 84.7%, P=0.661), or development to overt hypothyroidism (68.0% vs. 71.1%, P=0.632) between the A/A genotype group and the A/G or G/G genotype group.
Conclusion
The genotype frequency of PD-L1 (rs822339) is not different in patients with AITD compared with healthy controls. The intact PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in GD and HT might be important to maintain chronicity of AITD by protecting immune tolerance. However, the PD-L1 SNP could be associated with difficulty in achieving remission in patients with GD, which may be helpful to predict the possibility of longer treatment. Further studies are required to investigate the complex immune tolerance system in patients with AITD.

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  • Synergistic effects of BTN3A1, SHP2, CD274, and STAT3 gene polymorphisms on the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a multifactorial dimensional reduction analysis
    Yang-Yang Tang, Wang-Dong Xu, Lu Fu, Xiao-Yan Liu, An-Fang Huang
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Close layer
Clinical Study
Characteristics of Immune-Related Thyroid Adverse Events in Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors
Jee Hee Yoon, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):413-423.   Published online April 6, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.906
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  • 28 Web of Science
  • 28 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Thyroid immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have been reported in patients treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. We investigated the incidence and clinical course of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid IRAEs, and identified predictable clinical risk factors of thyroid IRAEs, in particular, overt hypothyroidism (OH).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 325 cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in a tertiary referral center.
Results
A total of 50.5% (164/325) of patients experienced at least one abnormal thyroid function following PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Eighty-four patients (51.2%) of them recovered to normal thyroid function during follow-up. In overall population, 25 patients (7.7%) required thyroid hormone replacement therapy due to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced OH. Patients who progressed to OH showed significantly higher baseline thyroid stimulating hormone level and longer duration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (both P<0.001). Median time interval to the development of OH was 3 months after the therapy. OH was significantly associated with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody at baseline and anti-thyroglobulin antibody during the therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (P=0.015 and P=0.005, respectively). We observed no patients with OH who were able to stop levothyroxine replacement after the cessation of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.
Conclusion
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid dysfunctions are considerably reversible; however, OH is irreversible requiring levothyroxine replacement even after stopping the therapy. Positive thyroid autoantibodies may predict the progression to OH.

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Close layer
Clinical Study
Vandetanib for the Management of Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Real-World Multicenter Experience
Mijin Kim, Jee Hee Yoon, Jonghwa Ahn, Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Dong Jun Lim, Ho-Cheol Kang, In Joo Kim, Young Kee Shong, Tae Yong Kim, Bo Hyun Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):587-594.   Published online September 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.687
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Vandetanib is the most widely used tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). However, only limited data regarding its use outside clinical trials are available. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vandetanib in patients with advanced MTC in routine clinical practice.
Methods
In this multicenter retrospective study, 12 patients with locally advanced or metastatic MTC treated with vandetanib at four tertiary hospitals were included. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR) based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicities were also evaluated.
Results
Eleven patients (92%) had distant metastasis and 10 (83%) had disease progression at enrollment. Partial response was observed in five patients (ORR, 42%) and stable disease lasting ≥24 weeks was reported in an additional five patients (83%). During the median 31.7 months of follow-up, disease progression was seen in five patients (42%); of these, two died due to disease progression. The median PFS was 25.9 months, while the median OS was not reached. All patients experienced adverse events (AEs) which were generally consistent with the known safety profile of vandetanib. Vandetanib was discontinued in two patients due to skin toxicity.
Conclusion
Consistent with the phase III trial, this study confirmed the efficacy of vandetanib for advanced MTC in terms of both ORR and PFS in the real-world setting. Vandetanib was well tolerated in the majority of patients, and there were no fatal AEs.

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Close layer
Clinical Study
Clinical Implication of World Health Organization Classification in Patients with Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma in South Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):618-627.   Published online September 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.742
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  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The study aimed to compare the prognostic value of the 4th edition of World Health Organization classification (WHO-2017) with the previous WHO classification (WHO-2004) for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC).
Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 318 patients with FTC from five tertiary centers who underwent thyroid surgery between 1996 and 2009. We evaluated the prognosis of patients with minimally invasive (MI), encapsulated angioinvasive (EA), and widely invasive (WI) FTC according to WHO-2017. Further, we evaluated the proportion of variation explained (PVE) and Harrell’s C-index to compare the predictability of disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).
Results
In total, 227, 58, and 33 patients had MI-, EA-, and WI-FTC, respectively. During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 46 (14.5%) patients had disease recurrence and 20 (6.3%) patients died from FTC. The 10-year DFS rates of patients with MI-, EA-, and WI-FTC were 91.1%, 78.2%, and 54.9%, respectively (P<0.001, PVE=7.1%, C-index=0.649). The corresponding 10-year DSS rates were 95.9%, 93.5%, and 73.5%, respectively (P<0.001, PVE=2.6%, C-index=0.624). The PVE and C-index values were higher using WHO-2017 than using WHO-2004 for the prediction of DFS, but not for DSS. In multivariate analysis, older age (P=0.02), gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (P=0.003), and distant metastasis (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for DSS.
Conclusion
WHO-2017 improves the predictability of DFS, but not DSS, in patients with FTC. Distant metastasis, gross ETE and older age (≥55 years) were independent risk factors for DSS.

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  • Association of Ultrasonography Features of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma With Tumor Invasiveness and Prognosis Based on WHO Classification and TERT Promoter Mutation
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    Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(1): 103.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Outcomes and Implications of Radioactive Iodine Therapy on Cancer-specific Survival in WHO Classification of FTC
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  • Radioiodine whole body scan pitfalls in differentiated thyroid cancer
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Clinical Study
Modification of the Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma by Considering Extra-Thyroidal Extension and Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis
Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Ho-Cheol Kang, Tae Yong Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(1):149-156.   Published online March 19, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.1.149
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Concerns have arisen about the classification of extra-thyroidal extension (ETE) and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (N1b) in the 8th edition of the tumor-node-metastasis staging system (TNM-8). This study evaluated the prognostic validity of a modified-TNM staging system, focusing on ETE and N1b, in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 4,878 DTC patients from five tertiary hospitals. In the modified-TNM, T3b in TNM-8 was down-staged to T2, and stage II was subdivided into stages IIA and IIB. Older patients with N1b were reclassified as stage IIB.

Results

The modified-TNM resulted in staging migration in 540 patients (11%) classified as stage II according to the TNM-8, with 75 (14%), 381 (71%), and 84 patients (16%) classified as stages I, IIA, and IIB, respectively. The 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates in patients classified as stages I, II, III, and IV by TNM-8 were 99.8%, 95.9%, 81.0%, and 41.6%, respectively. The DSS rates of patients classified as stages I, IIA, IIB, III, and IV according to the modified-TNM were 99.8%, 96.4%, 93.3%, 81.0%, and 41.6%, respectively. DSS curves between stages on TNM-8 (P<0.001) and modified-TNM (P<0.001) differed significantly, but the modified-TNM discriminated better than TNM-8. The proportions of variation explained values of TNM-8 and modified-TNM were 6.3% and 6.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

Modification of the TNM staging system focusing on ETE and N1b could improve the prediction of DSS in patients with DTC. Further researches are needed to validate the prognostic accuracy of this modified-TNM staging system.

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  • Prognostic Impact of Microscopic Extra-Thyroidal Extension (mETE) on Disease Free Survival in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC)
    Nadia Bouzehouane, Pascal Roy, Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci, Mireille Bertholon-Grégoire, Chantal Bully, Agnès Perrin, Helene Lasolle, Jean-Christophe Lifante, Françoise Borson-Chazot, Claire Bournaud
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  • Impacts of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system on outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer in Thai patients
    Yotsapon Thewjitcharoen, Waralee Chatchomchuan, Krittadhee Karndumri, Sriurai Porramatikul, Sirinate Krittiyawong, Ekgaluck Wanothayaroj, Siriwan Butadej, Soontaree Nakasatien, Veekij Veerasomboonsin, Auchai Kanchanapituk, Rajata Rajatanavin, Thep Himatho
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Thyroid
Prognosis of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with Initial Distant Metastasis: A Multicenter Study in Korea
Hosu Kim, Hye In Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Jaehoon Jung, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Ji Min Han, Yoon Young Cho, Tae Hyuk Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(2):287-295.   Published online June 21, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.2.287
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have a favorable prognosis. However, patients with DTC and initial distant metastasis have not been commonly found, and their clinical characteristics have seldom been reported. In this study, we analyzed the clinical features and prognosis of patients with DTC and initial distant metastasis in Korea.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 242 patients with DTC and initial distant metastasis treated from 1994 to 2013, collected from five tertiary hospitals in Korea.

Results

The patients' median age was 51 years, and 65% were women. They were followed for a median of 7 years. Lung was the most common site of distant metastasis: only lung 149 patients (62%), only bone 49 (20%), other single site one (pleura), and combined sites 43 (40 were lung and bone, two were bone and other site, and one was lung and other site). At the time of diagnosis, 50 patients (21%) had non-radioactive iodine (RAI) avidity. Five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 85% and 10-year DSS was 68%, which were better than those in previous studies. After multivariate analysis, old age, male sex, metastatic site, and histologic type (follicular type) were significant factors for poor prognosis. However, negative RAI avidity status was not a significant prognostic factor after adjusting for other variables.

Conclusion

The prognosis of Korean patients with DTC and initial distant metastasis was better than in previous studies. Old age, male sex, metastasis site, and histologic type were significant prognostic factors.

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Close layer
Clinical Study
Disease-Specific Mortality of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients in Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Hyuk Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Eun Sook Kim, Hosu Kim, Young Nam Kim, Eun Heui Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(4):434-441.   Published online November 22, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.434
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   
Background

Little is known regarding disease-specific mortality of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients and its risk factors in Korea.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed a large multi-center cohort of thyroid cancer from six Korean hospitals and included 8,058 DTC patients who underwent initial surgery between 1996 and 2005.

Results

Mean age of patients at diagnosis was 46.2±12.3 years; 87% were females. Most patients had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; 97%) and underwent total thyroidectomy (85%). Mean size of the primary tumor was 1.6±1.0 cm. Approximately 40% of patients had cervical lymph node (LN) metastases and 1.3% had synchronous distant metastases. During 11.3 years of follow-up, 150 disease-specific mortalities (1.9%) occurred; the 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was 98%. According to the year of diagnosis, the number of disease-specific mortality was not different. However, the rate of disease-specific mortality decreased during the study period (from 7.7% to 0.7%). Older age (≥45 years) at diagnosis, male, follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) versus PTC, larger tumor size (>2 cm), presence of extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lateral cervical LN metastasis, distant metastasis and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage were independent risk factors of disease-specific mortality of DTC patients.

Conclusion

The rate of disease-specific mortality of Korean DTC patients was 1.9%; the 10-year DSS rate was 98% during 1996 to 2005. Older age at diagnosis, male, FTC, larger tumor size, presence of ETE, lateral cervical LN metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stages were significant risk factors of disease-specific mortality of Korean DTC patients.

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    Suyeon Park, Min Ji Jeon, Hye-Seon Oh, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Minkyu Han, Ji Min Han, Tae Yong Kim, Ki-Wook Chung, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Gu Kim
    Thyroid.2018; 28(8): 997.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Outcomes of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients with Local Recurrence or Distant Metastasis Detected in Old Age
    Ji Min Han, Ji Cheol Bae, Hye In Kim, Sam Kwon, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 33(4): 459.     CrossRef
  • Prognosis of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with Initial Distant Metastasis: A Multicenter Study in Korea
    Hosu Kim, Hye In Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Jaehoon Jung, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Ji Min Han, Yoon Young Cho, Tae Hyuk Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 33(2): 287.     CrossRef
  • Decreasing Disease-Specific Mortality of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study
    Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Eun Heui Kim, Eun Sook Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Won Gu Kim
    Thyroid.2018; 28(9): 1121.     CrossRef
  • Active Surveillance of Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Multi-Center Cohort Study in Korea
    Hye-Seon Oh, Jeonghoon Ha, Hye In Kim, Tae Hyuk Kim, Won Gu Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Tae Yong Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Jae Hoon Chung, Jung Hwan Baek
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Clinical Study
The Recovery of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Is Rapid in Subclinical Cushing Syndrome
Hee Kyung Kim, Jee Hee Yoon, Yun Ah Jeong, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(4):592-597.   Published online December 20, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.4.592
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

In subclinical Cushing syndrome (SC), it is assumed that glucocorticoid production is insufficient to cause a clinically recognizable syndrome. Differences in hormonal levels or recovery time of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis after adrenalectomy between patients with overt Cushing syndrome (OC) and SC remain unknown.

Methods

Thirty-six patients (10 with OC and 26 with SC) with adrenal Cushing syndrome who underwent adrenalectomy from 2004 to 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were treated with glucocorticoid after adrenalectomy and were reevaluated every 1 to 6 months using a rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test.

Results

Levels of basal 24-hour urine free cortisol (UFC), serum cortisol after an overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and serum cortisol and 24-hour UFC after low-dose DST and high-dose DST were all significantly lower in patients with SC compared with OC. Basal ACTH levels showed significantly higher in patients with SC compared with OC. The probability of recovering adrenal function during follow-up differed significantly between patients with OC and SC (P=0.001), with significant correlations with the degree of preoperative cortisol excess. Patients with OC required a longer duration of glucocorticoid replacement to recover a normal ACTH stimulation test compared with patients with SC (median 17.0 months vs. 4.0 months, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The HPA axis recovery time after adrenalectomy in patients with SC is rapid and is dependent on the degree of cortisol excess. More precise definition of SC is necessary to achieve a better management of patients and to avoid the risk of under- or over-treatment of SC patients.

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  • Predictor of Steroid Replacement Duration after Removal of Cortisol-producing Adenoma
    Yui Kubo, Masakatsu Sone, Takuyuki Katabami, Shoichiro Izawa, Takamasa Ichijo, Mika Tsuiki, Shintaro Okamura, Takanobu Yoshimoto, Michio Otsuki, Yoshiyu Takeda, Tomoko Suzuki, Mitsuhide Naruse, Akiyo Tanabe
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    Journal of Neuroendocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dong Wang, Han-zhong Li, Yu-shi Zhang, Liang Wang, Zhi-gang Ji
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    Lily B. Hsieh, Erin Mackinney, Tracy S. Wang
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    Won-Young Lee
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Close layer
Clinical Study
Characteristics of Korean Patients with Antithyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis: A Multicenter Study in Korea
Hee Kyung Kim, Jee Hee Yoon, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Min Jin Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, In Joo Kim, Ji Young Joung, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(4):475-480.   Published online December 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.4.475
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) can lead to the development of agranulocytosis, which is the most serious adverse effect. Characteristics of ATD-induced agranulocytosis (AIA) have seldom been reported due to the rarity. In this study, we characterized the clinical features for AIA in Korean patients.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with AIA diagnosed between 1997 and 2014 at four tertiary hospitals. Agranulocytosis was defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below 500/mm3.

Results

The mean age of the patients (11 males, 43 females) was 38.2±14.9 years. Forty-eight patients (88.9%) with AIA had fever and sore throat on initial presentation, 20.4% of patients developed AIA during the second course of treatment, and 75.9% of patients suffered AIA within 3 months after initiation of ATD. The patients taking methimazole (n=39) showed lower levels of ANC and more frequent use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor than propylthiouracil (n=15) users. The median duration of agranulocytosis was 5.5 days (range, 1 to 20). No differences were observed between the long (≥6 days) and short recovery time (≤5 days) groups in terms of age, gender, ATDs, duration of ATDs, or initial ANC levels. Four patients (7.4%) who were taking ATDs for less than 2 months died of sepsis on the first or second day of hospitalization.

Conclusion

The majority of AIA incidents occur in the early treatment period. Considering the high fatality rate of AIA, an early aggressive therapeutic approach is critical and patients should be well informed regarding the warning symptoms of the disease.

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  • Novel Association of KLRC4-KLRK1 Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility and Progression of Antithyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis
    Yayi He, Pan Ma, Yuanlin Luo, Xiaojuan Gong, Jiayang Gao, Yuxin Sun, Pu Chen, Suliang Zhang, Yuxin Tian, Bingyin Shi, Bao Zhang
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    Masanori Arai, Takahiro Tsuno, Hiromi Konishi, Kuniyuki Nishiyama, Yasuo Terauchi, Ryota Inoue, Jun Shirakawa
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    Hyemi Kwon
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    Chih-Hsueh Tseng, Chi-Lung Tseng, Harn-Shen Chen, Pei-Lung Chen, Chun-Jui Huang
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    Hyun Gyung Lee, Eun Mi Yang, Chan Jong Kim
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    Won Sang Yoo, Hyun-Kyung Chung
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    Jung Jun Lee, Dong Young Kim, Jeon Yeob Jang
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    Mai Phuong Thao, Pham Vo Anh Tuan, Le Gia Hoang Linh, Lam Van Hoang, Phan Huu Hen, Le Tuyet Hoa, Hoang Anh Vu, Do Duc Minh
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    Ying‐Ying Chang, Chih‐Wen Tseng, Kuo Yuan
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    Douglas S. Ross, Henry B. Burch, David S. Cooper, M. Carol Greenlee, Peter Laurberg, Ana Luiza Maia, Scott A. Rivkees, Mary Samuels, Julie Ann Sosa, Marius N. Stan, Martin A. Walter
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Thyroid
Hypoparathyroidism and Subclinical Hypothyroidism with Secondary Hemochromatosis
Hyung Ki Jeong, Joon Hwan An, Hyoung Sang Kim, Eun Ae Cho, Min Gui Han, Jung Sik Moon, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(1):91-95.   Published online March 14, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.1.91
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

Hemochromatosis is an inherited genetic disorder of iron metabolism which can also occur as a secondary result of iron-overload. It leads to organ damage such as cardiomyopathy, liver cirrhosis, hypogonadism, and diabetes. This paper discusses a case of secondary hemochromatosis associated with repeated transfusions, presenting as asymptomatic hypoparathyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism with multiple organ involvement. The 29-year-old female, who had severe aplastic anemia, received multiple transfusions totaling approximately 1,400 units of red blood cells over 15 years. During her routine laboratory examination, hypocalcemia was detected with decreased intact parathyroid hormone and increased thyroid stimulating hormone. Serum ferritin, iron, and total iron binding capacity had increased to 27,583.03 ng/mL, 291 µg/dL, and 389 µg/dL, respectively. She had unusually bronze skin and computed tomography revealed iron deposition in the thyroid, liver, and heart. Multiorgan involvement as seen in this case is rare in hemochromatosis associated with secondary transfusions. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first case report in Korea of hypoparathyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism due to iron deposition in the parathyroid and thyroid gland.

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    Martin Válek, Lenka Roblová, Ivan Raška, Dita Schaffelhoferová, Tomáš Paleček
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  • Differential effects of Fe2+ and Fe3+ on osteoblasts and the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3, deferiprone and extracellular calcium on osteoblast viability under iron-overloaded conditions
    Kornkamon Lertsuwan, Ketsaraporn Nammultriputtar, Supanan Nanthawuttiphan, Natnicha Tannop, Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit, Jirawan Thongbunchoo, Narattaphol Charoenphandhu, Gianpaolo Papaccio
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    J. Warland, B. Skelly, C. Knudsen, M. Herrtage
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    Won-Young Lee
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(1): 47.     CrossRef
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Thyroid
Riedel Thyroiditis in a Patient with Graves Disease
Doo Young Lee, Jung Sik Moon, Ga-Eon Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(2):138-143.   Published online June 18, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.2.138
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare form of infiltrative and inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland and can be associated with systemic fibrotic processes, Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease. Riedel thyroiditis in combination with Graves disease however, is very rare. A 57-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for Graves disease diagnosed 30 years ago presented with an enlarging neck mass and voice changes. Due to suspicion of malignancy, thyroidectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed Riedel thyroiditis. To our knowledge, the association of Riedel thyroiditis with Graves disease has not yet been reported in our country. Here we report a patient with Riedel thyroiditis evolved from antecedent Graves disease.

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  • IgG4-related sclerosing thyroiditis (Riedel-Struma): a review of clinicopathological features and management
    Agata Czarnywojtek, Krzysztof Pietrończyk, Lester D. R. Thompson, Asterios Triantafyllou, Ewa Florek, Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj, Marek Ruchała, Maria Teresa Płazinska, Iain J. Nixon, Ashok R. Shaha, Mark Zafereo, Gregory William Randolph, Peter Angelos, Abir Al
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  • Immunoglobulin G4-Related Thyroid Disease: A Single-Center Experience and Literature Review
    Meihua Jin, Bictdeun Kim, Ahreum Jang, Min Ji Jeon, Young Jun Choi, Yu-Mi Lee, Dong Eun Song, Won Gu Kim
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    Aakansha Zala, Thomas Berhane, C Christofer Juhlin, Jan Calissendorff, Henrik Falhammar
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Thyroid
Benign Teratoma of the Thyroid Gland
Chan Young Oak, Hee Kyung Kim, Tae Mi Yoon, Sang Chul Lim, Hyun Bum Park, Hyung Chul Park, Min Gui Han, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(2):144-148.   Published online June 18, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.2.144
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

Although pathology reports of thyroid tissue in ovarian teratomas are abundant, benign teratomas of the thyroid are extremely rare in adolescents and adults. Therefore, their clinical characteristics are still not well characterized. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman with a growing mass in her neck. Left lobectomy of the thyroid revealed it to be a benign thyroid teratoma composed of tissues from all three germ layers. Preoperative evaluations included thyroid ultrasonography (US), ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and computed tomography (CT) of the neck. A 4.7-cm, well defined, predominantly hypoechoic mass intermingled with hyperechoic internal lesions, was observed in the inferior portion of the left thyroid lobe with substernal extension on US. The posterior extent of the nodule was not visualized due to deep attenuation of the echo. US-guided FNAC failed to reveal any thyroid follicular cells, but suggested a benign cystic tumor. Neck CT hinted at the diagnosis of teratoma because the mass contained large amounts of fat, and the margin was well defined. Extrathyroidal extension and cervical lymphadenopathy were not seen. She underwent left thyroid lobectomy, and histologic examination confirmed benign thyroid teratoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of benign thyroid teratoma in Korea.

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  • Rare Cause of a Midline Neck Swelling—Congenital Thyroid Teratoma in a 14-month-old Boy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
    Arun Nayak, Sanjay Kumar Yadav, Ashutosh Silodia, Bharath Shiva, M Mohammed Imran
    Indian Journal of Endocrine Surgery and Research.2024; 18(2): 67.     CrossRef
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    Meera R Laxman, Laura L Hayes, Santino S Cervantes, Tamarah Westmoreland
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    In-Ho Bae, Kyung Seob Lim, Dae Sung Park, Jae-Won Shim, So-Youn Lee, Eun-Jae Jang, Jun-Kyu Park, Ju-Han Kim, Myung Ho Jeong
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    Jose Colleti Junior, Uenis Tannuri, Felipe Monti Lora, Eliana Carla Armelin Benites, Walter Koga, Janete Honda Imamura, Patricia Rute Moutinho, Werther Brunow de Carvalho
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  • Case Report: Severe acute respiratory distress by tracheal obstruction due to a congenital thyroid teratoma: a case report and literature review.
    Jose Colleti Junior, Uenis Tannuri, Felipe Monti Lora, Eliana Carla Armelin Benites, Walter Koga, Janete Honda Imamura, Patricia Rute Moutinho, Werther Brunow de Carvalho
    F1000Research.2015; 4: 159.     CrossRef
  • Case Report: Severe acute respiratory distress by tracheal obstruction due to a congenital thyroid teratoma.
    Jose Colleti Junior, Uenis Tannuri, Felipe Monti Lora, Eliana Carla Armelin Benites, Walter Koga, Janete Honda Imamura, Patricia Rute Moutinho, Werther Brunow de Carvalho
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    Won-Young Lee
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Sustained Maintenance of Normal Insulin-like Growth Factor-I during Pregnancy and Successful Delivery in an Acromegalic Patient with Octreotide-LAR(R) Treatment.
Soo Kyoung Kim, Jung Hwa Jung, Jae Hyeon Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Alice Hyun Tan, Hee Kyung Kim, Ji In Lee, Hye Soo Chung, Kwang Won Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):213-216.   Published online September 1, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.213
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  • 23 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
We report here on a 34-year-old Korean woman with active acromegaly and who received Octreotide-LAR(R) for 12 months following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. During Octreotide-LAR(R) treatment, the clinical improvement was paralleled with the decrease of the growth hormone levels to 1.1 ng/mL and the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels to 345.5 ng/mL. Octreotide-LAR(R) was discontinued when the patient was found to be at the 12th week of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the patient experienced clinical well-being and she maintained her IGF-I levels within the normal range for her age-matched despite discontinuation of Octreotide-LAR(R) treatment at early gestation. She delivered a full-term healthy male infant. The serum IGF-I levels of the patient increased progressively increased after delivery. This report describes a successful pregnancy in an acromegalic woman who was exposed to Octreotide-LAR(R) during the early gestational period. She and who showed an unexpected pattern of persistently normal IGF-I levels through the pregnancy despite discontinuation of Octreotide-LAR(R) therapy.
Close layer
A Case of Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with Normal Stature.
Sae Rom Kim, Yun Jeong Doh, Hee Kyung Kim, Seong Su Moon, Ju Young Lee, Jae Han Jeon, Soo Won Kim, Bo Wan Kim, In Kyu Lee, Jung Guk Kim
J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):138-143.   Published online June 1, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.138
  • 2,226 View
  • 33 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) is characterized by the phenotype of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) alone without biochemical evidence of multihormone resistance, which is unlike pseudohypoparathyroidism. AHO is associated with characteristic developmental abnormalities that include a short stocky stature, a short neck, brachydactyly, a round face, central obesity, mental retardation and subcutaneous ossifications. AHO is an autosomal dominant disease that's caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in the Gsalpha gene (GNAS1). Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a hypothalamic Gs-coupled receptor that is thought to mediate the central effect of leptin on satiety. MC4R mutations cause morbid obesity starting in infancy, as well as an elevated leptin level. A 62 year old man with a height of 171.5 cm, a round face, a short neck, central obesity and brachydactyly had normal ranges of serum calcium, phosphorus and PTH and a normal Ellsworth-Howard test. GNAS1 gene analysis revealed substitution of alanine to cysteine in the 165 codon of exon 6 and substitution of alanine to cysteine in the 231 codon of exon 9. Two known SNPs (Cyt-1042Thy, Gua-719Ade) in the MC4R were detected in the patient. We report here on a case of PPHP and the patient had normal stature. We propose that MC4R may have contributed to the obesity & normal stature of this patient.

Citations

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  • Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type III with Primary Hypoparathyroidism
    Sang Jin Kim, Sang-Yoon Kim, Han-Byul Kim, Hyukwon Chang, Ho-Chan Cho
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2013; 28(3): 236.     CrossRef
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A Case of Painful Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Successfully Treated with Total Thyroidectomy.
Hee Kyung Kim, Hong Joon Shin, Ho Cheol Kang
J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(6):438-443.   Published online December 1, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.6.438
  • 2,245 View
  • 22 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Painful Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a subtype of HT characterized by thyroid pain with overt elevation in inflammatory markers and thyroid autoantibodies. The differential diagnosis of painful HT with subacute granulomatous thyroiditis is often difficult because initial clinical findings are very similar. Findings that favor the diagnosis of painful HT include preceding history of chronic goiter or autoimmune thyroid diseases, a high titer of thyroid autoantibodies, and repeated painful attacks even with chronic glucocorticoid therapy. Surgery is often needed to relieve the thyroid pain.

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  • Painful immunoglobulin G4-related thyroiditis treated by total thyroidectomy
    Ihn Suk Lee, Jung Uee Lee, Kwan-Ju Lee, Yi Sun Jang, Jong Min Lee, Hye Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2016; 31(2): 399.     CrossRef
  • A Case of Painful Hashimoto Thyroiditis that Mimicked Subacute Thyroiditis
    Hye Mi Seo, Miyeon Kim, Jaeseok Bae, Jo-Heon Kim, Jeong Won Lee, Sang Ah Lee, Gwanpyo Koh, Dae Ho Lee
    Chonnam Medical Journal.2012; 48(1): 69.     CrossRef
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A Case of Adrenal Angiomyolipoma.
Sung Kyun Kim, Woo Seok Lee, Gwi Hong Jeong, Hee Kyung Kim, Dae Sung Myung, Jin Ook Chung, Dong Jin Chung, Min Young Chung, Ho Cheol Kang
J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(5):371-375.   Published online October 1, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.5.371
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An angiomyolipoma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm that typically occurs in the kidney of patients with tuberous sclerosis. Extrarenal angiomyolipomas are uncommon, and the adrenal gland is an extremely rare site for the tumor. An incidental adrenal mass is the usual presentation of an adrenal angiomyolipoma, as most of the tumors are hormonally inactive. Recently we experienced one case of a right adrenal angiomyolipoma that presented with an adrenal incidentaloma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of an adrenal angiomyolipoma described in the Korean medical literature. We report the case with a special emphasis on the differential imaging findings of fat-containing adrenal tumors.
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A Case of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Combined with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Thyroid.
Kang Il Cheon, Kyung Wook Lee, Ji Oh Mok, Yeo Ju Kim, Hyung Kyu Park, Chul Hee Kim, Sang Jin Kim, Dong Won Byun, Kyo Il Suh, Myung Hi Yoo, Hee Kyung Kim, Youn Woo Ko
J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(1):85-89.   Published online February 1, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.1.85
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  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Metastasis to the thyroid from distant cancer is rarely diagnosed clinically and renal cell carcinoma is the most common group of neoplasm to metastasize to the thyroid. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is known as the most frequent primary thyroid cancer. But coexistence with metastatic renal cell carcinoma to thyroid and papillary thyroid carcinoma is very rare. We are reporting this highly unusual case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to thyroid, which harbored papillary thyroid cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Korea. A 57-year-old woman presented with hoarseness and palpable anterior neck mass. She had a history of renal cell carcinoma of right kidney, which had been resected 10 years previously and had undergone lower anterior resection due to sigmoid colon cancer 2 months before. Fine needle aspiration cytology suggested follicular neoplasm, and total thyroidectomy was performed. The pathology from the thyroid nodules showed papillary thyroid cancer combined metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A Case of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to Thyroid Gland Mimicking as Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
    Sooyeon Jo, Hyung Gyun Na, Chang Hoon Bae, Yoon Seok Choi
    Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2021; 64(10): 755.     CrossRef
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Endocrinol Metab : Endocrinology and Metabolism
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