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Geum Joon Cho 1 Article
Thyroid
Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Risk of Diabetes in Patients with Long-Standing Graves’ Disease: A Longitudinal Study
Eyun Song, Min Ji Koo, Eunjin Noh, Soon Young Hwang, Min Jeong Park, Jung A Kim, Eun Roh, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Geum Joon Cho, Hye Jin Yoo
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1277-1286.   Published online December 16, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1251
  • 6,215 View
  • 196 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
The detrimental effects of excessive thyroid hormone on glucose metabolism have been widely investigated. However, the risk of diabetes in patients with long-standing hyperthyroidism, especially according to treatment modality, remains uncertain, with few longitudinal studies.
Methods
The risk of diabetes in patients with Graves’ disease treated with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) for longer than the conventional duration (≥2 years) was compared with that in age-and sex-matched controls. The risk was further compared according to subsequent treatment modalities after a 24-month course of ATD: continuation of ATD (ATD group) vs. radioactive iodine ablation (RIA) group.
Results
A total of 4,593 patients were included. Diabetes was diagnosed in 751 (16.3%) patients over a follow-up of 7.3 years. The hazard ratio (HR) for diabetes, after adjusting for various known risk factors, was 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.28) in patients with hyperthyroidism. Among the treatment modality groups, the RIA group (n=102) had a higher risk of diabetes than the ATD group (n=4,491) with HR of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.42). Further, the risk of diabetes increased with an increase in the ATD treatment duration (P for trend=0.019).
Conclusion
The risk of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with long-standing Graves’ disease than in the general population, especially in patients who underwent RIA and prolonged ATD treatment. Special attention to hyperglycemia during follow-up along with effective control of hyperthyroidism may be necessary to reduce the risk of diabetes in these patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(16): 12676.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid Eye Disease and Its Association With Diabetes Mellitus: A Major Review
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    Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.2023; 39(6S): S51.     CrossRef
  • Metabolite Changes during the Transition from Hyperthyroidism to Euthyroidism in Patients with Graves’ Disease
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    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 891.     CrossRef
  • Diabetes and Hyperthyroidism: Is There a Causal Link?
    Sang Yong Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(6): 1175.     CrossRef
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