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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Copyright © 2018 Korean Endocrine Society
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Adapted from Kim et al., with permission from Oxford University Press [32].
BMD, bone mineral density; CI, confidence interval.
aLower BMD was defined by Z-score ≤−2.0 for premenopausal women and men aged <50 years, or T-score ≤−1.0 for postmenopausal women and men aged ≥50 years; b“Any site” includes the lumbar spine, femur neck, and/or total hip; cNumbers indicate statistically significant values. The multiple logistic regression analyses were performed after adjustment for age, sex, menopausal status, body mass index, current smoking, alcohol intake, regular outdoor exercise, diabetes, and medication use including corticosteroids, antihypertensive agents, bisphosphonates, and hormone replacement.